Investment and cultivation strategies for women and youth inclusion: cases from on-farm, off-farm and non-farm activities in Ethiopia and Mali

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cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Water Management Instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationAssociation of African Women in Research and Development in Malien
cg.contributor.donorSwiss Agency for Development and Cooperationen
cg.coverage.countryEthiopia
cg.coverage.countryMali
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2ET
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2ML
cg.coverage.regionSahel
cg.coverage.subregionTiyo
cg.coverage.subregionZiway Dugda
cg.coverage.subregionWegnia
cg.coverage.subregionSourou
cg.creator.identifierLikimyelesh Nigussie: 0000-0002-6380-743Xen
cg.creator.identifierThai Minh: 0000-0002-8345-6825en
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.5337/2024.203en
cg.identifier.iwmilibraryH052838en
cg.isbn978-92-9090-962-0en
cg.placeColombo, Sri Lankaen
dc.contributor.authorNigussie, Likimyeleshen
dc.contributor.authorDiallo, A.en
dc.contributor.authorMinh, Thai Thien
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-09T14:18:12Zen
dc.date.available2024-05-09T14:18:12Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/141796
dc.titleInvestment and cultivation strategies for women and youth inclusion: cases from on-farm, off-farm and non-farm activities in Ethiopia and Malien
dcterms.abstractAfrica's agriculture sector is vital for food security, employment, and economic growth. Women and young people, who contribute to innovation, diversification, and income, face limited opportunities in the sector due to social and economic power imbalances. This disparity wastes resources and impedes agricultural value chain development (VCD). Inclusive VCD aims to empower women, men and youth from diverse social groups and strengthen the agriculture sector. However, the literature on inclusive VCD in Africa is limited due to urban biases, and the lack of a framework to address gender inequality and poverty. This study explores how livelihood assets, strategies for accessing the assets, and enabling and discouraging factors in the value chain shapes the inclusion of women and youth in on-farm, off-farm and non-farm activities. It is based on the Safeguarding Sahelian Wetlands for Food Security (SaWeL) program that aims to make the market work for the poor through inclusive VCD in the Ziway-Shalla Sub-basin of Ethiopia, and Wegnia and Sourou basins in Mali. A qualitative dataset of 32 focus group discussions, 48 key informant interviews and 40 in-depth interviews were analyzed. We identified investment and cultivation inclusion strategies that demonstrates how women and youth from diverse social groups actualize business opportunities, overcome challenges and create new opportunities for inclusion. Investment strategies involve women and youth from better-off households with good access to natural, social, political and physical capital for capital-intensive roles. On the other hand, cultivation strategies involve women and youth from resource-poor households who can harness natural, social and political capital to participate in off-farm and non-farm activities. Our results show that women and youth who adopt either one of the strategies are encouraged by good support from social networks, cooperatives, Government Organizations, Nongovernmental Organizations and private sector actors. However, access to productive resources and services for women and youth adopting any strategies is hampered by gender and intergenerational norms, poverty and insufficient institutional capacity. We argue that it is essential to understand how social disparities and local environments interact to inform the design and implementation of inclusive value chains. Additionally, inclusive value chains necessitate building capacities of institutions at different scales.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.bibliographicCitationNigussie, Likimyelesh; Diallo, A.; Minh, Thai Thi. 2024. Investment and cultivation strategies for women and youth inclusion: cases from on-farm, off-farm and non-farm activities in Ethiopia and Mali. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 24p. (IWMI Working Paper 211). [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2024.203]en
dcterms.extent24p.en
dcterms.isPartOfIWMI Working Paper 211en
dcterms.issued2024-05-08en
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherInternational Water Management Instituteen
dcterms.subjectinvestmenten
dcterms.subjectcultivationen
dcterms.subjectstrategiesen
dcterms.subjectwomen's participationen
dcterms.subjectyouthen
dcterms.subjectsocial inclusionen
dcterms.subjectagricultural productionen
dcterms.subjectsurplusesen
dcterms.subjectagricultural value chainsen
dcterms.subjectlivelihoodsen
dcterms.subjectassetsen
dcterms.subjectnatural capitalen
dcterms.subjecthuman capitalen
dcterms.subjectsocial capitalen
dcterms.subjectcultural capitalen
dcterms.subjectgenderen
dcterms.subjectsocial normsen
dcterms.subjectfarmersen
dcterms.subjectsocial groupsen
dcterms.subjectmarketsen
dcterms.subjectagribusinessen
dcterms.subjectsmall-scale farmingen
dcterms.subjectfood securityen
dcterms.subjecthouseholdsen
dcterms.subjectpovertyen
dcterms.subjectcooperativesen
dcterms.subjectaccess to financeen
dcterms.subjectinstitutionsen
dcterms.subjectcapacity developmenten
dcterms.subjectpoliciesen
dcterms.subjectgovernmental organizationsen
dcterms.subjectnongovernmental organizationsen
dcterms.subjectprivate sectoren
dcterms.subjectcase studiesen
dcterms.typeWorking Paper

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