Eco-optimizing rice-wheat system of Eastern Indo-Gangetic plains of India through resource conservation technologies: insights from field experiments and modeling

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research institute
cg.contributor.affiliationICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Rice Research Institute
cg.contributor.affiliationCornell University
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Water Management Institute
cg.contributor.donorCGIAR Trust Fund
cg.coverage.countryIndia
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2INen_US
cg.coverage.regionSouthern Asia
cg.creator.identifierK Srikanth Reddy: 0000-0003-1291-7361
cg.creator.identifierC.M. PARIHAR: 0000-0003-3855-2655
cg.creator.identifierPanneerselvam Peramaiyan: 0000-0002-7886-5536
cg.creator.identifierHari Sankar Nayak: 0000-0003-2585-1576
cg.creator.identifierKIRANMOY PATRA: 0000-0002-4429-6371
cg.creator.identifierAlok Sinha: 0009-0004-9807-9112
cg.creator.identifiervirender kumar: 0000-0002-2521-7578
cg.howPublishedFormally Published
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1499425
cg.identifier.urlhttps://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainable-food-systems/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1499425/full
cg.isijournalISI Journal
cg.issn2571-581X
cg.issue1499425
cg.journalFrontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
cg.reviewStatusPeer Review
cg.volume9
dc.contributor.authorReddy, K. Srikanth
dc.contributor.authorParihar, C. M.
dc.contributor.authorPanneerselvam, P.
dc.contributor.authorSarkar, Ayan
dc.contributor.authorNayak, Hari Sankar
dc.contributor.authorPatra, Kiranmoy
dc.contributor.authorSena, D. R.
dc.contributor.authorReddy, G. Sreeja
dc.contributor.authorSinha, Alok
dc.contributor.authorBharadwaj, Sneha
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Sunil
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Virender
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-11T01:14:31Z
dc.date.available2025-02-11T01:14:31Z
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/172920
dc.titleEco-optimizing rice-wheat system of Eastern Indo-Gangetic plains of India through resource conservation technologies: insights from field experiments and modeling
dcterms.abstractIn eastern India, the rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) faces challenges like poverty, fragmented landholdings, and resource overexploitation, with smallholder farmers prioritizing short-term gains through excessive water and nitrogen use. To address these issues, our study combined field experiments and the DNDC crop simulation model to evaluate the resilience, viability, and environmental sustainability of RWCS under conservation agriculture (CA) with varying irrigation methods and nitrogen rates at the International Rice Research Institute-South Asia Regional Center (ISARC), Varanasi, India. The treatments included: (1) Puddled transplanted rice followed by zero-tilled wheat with flood irrigation (PTR-ZTW-F), (2) Direct-seeded rice followed by ZTW with flood irrigation (DSR-ZTW-F), (3) DSR followed by ZTW with surface drip fertigation (DSR-ZTW-SD), and (4) DSR followed by ZTW with subsurface drip fertigation (DSR-ZTW-SSD), evaluated under 75% and 100% recommended nitrogen dose and nitrogen control plots. The DNDC model accurately predicted soil mineral N (: R2 = 0.74, RRMSE = 52.9%; : R2 = 0.79, RRMSE = 63.5%), water-filled pore space (R2 = 0.85, RRMSE = 20.9%), soil temperature (R2 = 0.91, RRMSE = 4.6%), redox potential (R2 = 0.82, RRMSE = 24.1%), system productivity (R2 = 0.93, RRMSE = 7.8%), and nitrogen uptake (R2 = 0.86, RRMSE = 18.1%). DSR-ZTW systems with drip fertigation significantly enhanced sustainability and productivity compared to PTR-ZTW system, where CH4 emissions were reduced by 70%–80% and global warming potential reduced by 56%, despite higher N2O emissions. Additionally, DSR-ZTW-SSD achieved the highest system yield (12.8 t ha−1), minimized water losses, and improved nitrogen use efficiency. Also, TOPSIS analysis ranked DSR-ZTW-SSDF as the most sustainable system, achieving the highest yield and resource use efficiency, while significantly reducing GHG emissions. The study underscores the potential of integrating CA, drip fertigation, and DSR to enhance productivity, conserve resources, and improve the sustainability of RWCS.
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceAcademics
dcterms.audienceCGIAR
dcterms.audienceDevelopment Practitioners
dcterms.audiencePolicy Makers
dcterms.audienceScientists
dcterms.bibliographicCitationReddy, K. Srikanth, C. M. Parihar, P. Panneerselvam, Ayan Sarkar, Hari Sankar Nayak, Kiranmoy Patra, D. R. Sena, G. Sreeja Reddy, Alok Sinha, Sneha Bharadwaj, Sunil Kumar, and Virender Kumar (2025). Eco-optimizing rice-wheat system of Eastern Indo-Gangetic plains of India through resource conservation technologies: insights from field experiments and modeling. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 9, no. 1499425.
dcterms.extent21 p.
dcterms.issued2025-01-31
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherFrontiers Media SA
dcterms.subjectcropping systems
dcterms.subjectrice
dcterms.subjectwheat
dcterms.subjectconservation agriculture
dcterms.subjectsmallholders
dcterms.subjectnitrogen use efficiency
dcterms.subjectsoil fertility
dcterms.subjectirrigation systems
dcterms.subjectsoil properties
dcterms.subjectyield potential
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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