A risk assessment of aflatoxin M1 exposure in low and mid-income dairy consumers in Kenya

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen_US
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Helsinkien_US
cg.contributor.affiliationMount Kenya Universityen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Miyazakien_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUppsala Universityen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationSwedish University of Agricultural Sciencesen_US
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Healthen_US
cg.contributor.donorMinistry of Foreign Affairs, Finlanden_US
cg.coverage.countryKenyaen_US
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KEen_US
cg.coverage.regionAfricaen_US
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africaen_US
cg.creator.identifierDelia Grace: 0000-0002-0195-9489en_US
cg.creator.identifierJohanna Lindahl: 0000-0002-1175-0398en_US
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden_US
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10090348en_US
cg.isijournalISI Journalen_US
cg.issn2072-6651en_US
cg.issue9en_US
cg.journalToxinsen_US
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen_US
cg.subject.ilriAFLATOXINSen_US
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL PRODUCTSen_US
cg.subject.ilriDAIRYINGen_US
cg.subject.ilriFOOD SAFETYen_US
cg.subject.ilriHEALTHen_US
cg.volume10en_US
dc.contributor.authorAhlberg, Sara H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGrace, Deliaen_US
dc.contributor.authorKiarie, G.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLindahl, Johanna F.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2018-09-21T06:51:09Zen_US
dc.date.available2018-09-21T06:51:09Zen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/97457en_US
dc.titleA risk assessment of aflatoxin M1 exposure in low and mid-income dairy consumers in Kenyaen_US
dcterms.abstractAflatoxin M1 (AFM1), a human carcinogen, is found in milk products and may have potentially severe health impacts on milk consumers. We assessed the risk of cancer and stunting as a result of AFM1 consumption in Nairobi, Kenya, using worst case assumptions of toxicity and data from previous studies. Almost all (99.5%) milk was contaminated with AFM1. Cancer risk caused by AFM1 was lower among consumers purchasing from formal markets (0.003 cases per 100,000) than for low-income consumers (0.006 cases per 100,000) purchasing from informal markets. Overall cancer risk (0.004 cases per 100,000) from AFM1 alone was low. Stunting is multifactorial, but assuming only AFM1 consumption was the determinant, consumption of milk contaminated with AFM1 levels found in this study could contribute to 2.1% of children below three years in middle-income families, and 2.4% in low-income families, being stunted. Overall, 2.7% of children could hypothetically be stunted due to AFM1 exposure from milk. Based on our results AFM1 levels found in milk could contribute to an average of −0.340 height for age z-score reduction in growth. The exposure to AFM1 from milk is 46 ng/day on average, but children bear higher exposure of 3.5 ng/kg bodyweight (bw)/day compared to adults, at 0.8 ng/kg bw/day. Our paper shows that concern over aflatoxins in milk in Nairobi is disproportionate if only risk of cancer is considered, but that the effect on stunting children might be much more significant from a public health perspective; however, there is still insufficient data on the health effects of AFM1.en_US
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Accessen_US
dcterms.audienceScientistsen_US
dcterms.available2018-08-29en_US
dcterms.bibliographicCitationAhlberg, S., Grace, D., Kiarie, G., Kirino, Y. and Lindahl, J. 2018. A risk assessment of aflatoxin M1 exposure in low and mid-income dairy consumers in Kenya. Toxins 10(9): 348.en_US
dcterms.issued2018-08-29en_US
dcterms.languageenen_US
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0en_US
dcterms.publisherMDPIen_US
dcterms.subjectaflatoxinsen_US
dcterms.subjectdairiesen_US
dcterms.subjectfood safetyen_US
dcterms.subjecthealthen_US
dcterms.typeJournal Articleen_US

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