A risk assessment of aflatoxin M1 exposure in low and mid-income dairy consumers in Kenya

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Helsinkien
cg.contributor.affiliationMount Kenya Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Miyazakien
cg.contributor.affiliationUppsala Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationSwedish University of Agricultural Sciencesen
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Health
cg.contributor.donorMinistry of Foreign Affairs, Finlanden
cg.coverage.countryKenya
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KE
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africa
cg.creator.identifierDelia Grace: 0000-0002-0195-9489en
cg.creator.identifierJohanna Lindahl: 0000-0002-1175-0398en
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10090348en
cg.isijournalISI Journalen
cg.issn2072-6651en
cg.issue9en
cg.journalToxinsen
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
cg.subject.ilriAFLATOXINSen
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL PRODUCTSen
cg.subject.ilriDAIRYINGen
cg.subject.ilriFOOD SAFETYen
cg.subject.ilriHEALTHen
cg.volume10en
dc.contributor.authorAhlberg, Sara H.en
dc.contributor.authorGrace, Deliaen
dc.contributor.authorKiarie, G.en
dc.contributor.authorLindahl, Johanna F.en
dc.date.accessioned2018-09-21T06:51:09Zen
dc.date.available2018-09-21T06:51:09Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/97457
dc.titleA risk assessment of aflatoxin M1 exposure in low and mid-income dairy consumers in Kenyaen
dcterms.abstractAflatoxin M1 (AFM1), a human carcinogen, is found in milk products and may have potentially severe health impacts on milk consumers. We assessed the risk of cancer and stunting as a result of AFM1 consumption in Nairobi, Kenya, using worst case assumptions of toxicity and data from previous studies. Almost all (99.5%) milk was contaminated with AFM1. Cancer risk caused by AFM1 was lower among consumers purchasing from formal markets (0.003 cases per 100,000) than for low-income consumers (0.006 cases per 100,000) purchasing from informal markets. Overall cancer risk (0.004 cases per 100,000) from AFM1 alone was low. Stunting is multifactorial, but assuming only AFM1 consumption was the determinant, consumption of milk contaminated with AFM1 levels found in this study could contribute to 2.1% of children below three years in middle-income families, and 2.4% in low-income families, being stunted. Overall, 2.7% of children could hypothetically be stunted due to AFM1 exposure from milk. Based on our results AFM1 levels found in milk could contribute to an average of −0.340 height for age z-score reduction in growth. The exposure to AFM1 from milk is 46 ng/day on average, but children bear higher exposure of 3.5 ng/kg bodyweight (bw)/day compared to adults, at 0.8 ng/kg bw/day. Our paper shows that concern over aflatoxins in milk in Nairobi is disproportionate if only risk of cancer is considered, but that the effect on stunting children might be much more significant from a public health perspective; however, there is still insufficient data on the health effects of AFM1.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceScientistsen
dcterms.available2018-08-29en
dcterms.bibliographicCitationAhlberg, S., Grace, D., Kiarie, G., Kirino, Y. and Lindahl, J. 2018. A risk assessment of aflatoxin M1 exposure in low and mid-income dairy consumers in Kenya. Toxins 10(9): 348.en
dcterms.issued2018-08-29en
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherMDPIen
dcterms.subjectaflatoxinsen
dcterms.subjectdairiesen
dcterms.subjectfood safetyen
dcterms.subjecthealthen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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