Analyses of mitochondrial genes reveal two sympatric but genetically divergent lineages of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus in Kenya

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen_US
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Nottinghamen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areasen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationKenyatta Universityen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationKenya Wildlife Serviceen_US
cg.coverage.countryKenyaen_US
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KEen_US
cg.coverage.regionAfricaen_US
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africaen_US
cg.creator.identifierJoram Mwacharo: 0000-0001-6981-8140en_US
cg.creator.identifierNaftaly Githaka: 0000-0003-4530-7164en_US
cg.creator.identifierRichard Bishop: 0000-0002-3720-9970en_US
cg.creator.identifierRobert A. Skilton: 0000-0003-4177-9404en_US
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden_US
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1631-1en_US
cg.isijournalISI Journalen_US
cg.issn1756-3305en_US
cg.issue1en_US
cg.journalParasites and Vectorsen_US
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen_US
cg.speciesRhipicephalus appendiculatusen_US
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL DISEASESen_US
cg.subject.ilriDISEASE CONTROLen_US
cg.subject.ilriECFen_US
cg.subject.ilriGENETICSen_US
cg.subject.ilriVACCINESen_US
cg.volume9en_US
dc.contributor.authorKanduma, Esther G.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMwacharo, Joram M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGithaka, Naftaly W.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKinyanjui, P.W.en_US
dc.contributor.authorNjuguna, J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKamau, L.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKariuki, E.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMwaura, S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSkilton, Robert A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBishop, Richard P.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2016-07-12T06:06:43Zen_US
dc.date.available2016-07-12T06:06:43Zen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/76132en_US
dc.titleAnalyses of mitochondrial genes reveal two sympatric but genetically divergent lineages of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus in Kenyaen_US
dcterms.abstractBackground The ixodid tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus transmits the apicomplexan protozoan parasite Theileria parva,which causes East coast fever (ECF), the most economically important cattle disease in eastern and southern Africa. Recent analysis of micro- and minisatellite markers showed an absence of geographical and host-associated genetic sub-structuring amongst field populations of R. appendiculatus in Kenya. To assess further the phylogenetic relationships between field and laboratory R. appendiculatus tick isolates, this study examined sequence variations at two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and the nuclear encoded ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the rRNA gene, respectively. Results The analysis of 332 COI sequences revealed 30 polymorphic sites, which defined 28 haplotypes that were separated into two distinct haplogroups (A and B). Inclusion of previously published haplotypes in our analysis revealed a high degree of phylogenetic complexity never reported before in haplogroup A. Neither haplogroup however, showed any clustering pattern related to either the geographical sampling location, the type of tick sampled (laboratory stocks vs field populations) or the mammalian host species. This finding was supported by the results obtained from the analysis of 12S rDNA sequences. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 90.8 % of the total genetic variation was explained by the two haplogroups, providing further support for their genetic divergence. These results were, however, not replicated by the nuclear transcribed ITS2 sequences likely because of recombination between the nuclear genomes maintaining a high level of genetic sequence conservation. Conclusions COI and 12S rDNA are better markers than ITS2 for studying intraspecific diversity. Based on these genes, two major genetic groups of R. appendiculatus that have gone through a demographic expansion exist in Kenya. The two groups show no phylogeographic structure or correlation with the type of host species from which the ticks were collected, nor to the evolutionary and breeding history of the species. The two lineages may have a wide geographic distribution range in eastern and southern Africa. The findings of this study may have implications for the spread and control of R. appendiculatus, and indirectly, on the transmission dynamics of ECF.en_US
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Accessen_US
dcterms.audienceScientistsen_US
dcterms.available2016-06-22en_US
dcterms.bibliographicCitationKanduma, E.G., Mwacharo, J.M., Githaka, N., Kinyanjui, P.W., Njuguna, J., Kamau, L.M., Kariuki, E., Mwaura, S., Skilton, R. and Bishop, R.P. 2016. Analyses of mitochondrial genes reveal two sympatric but genetically divergent lineages of Rhipicephalus appendiculatusin Kenya. Parasites and Vectors 9:353.en_US
dcterms.issued2016-12en_US
dcterms.languageenen_US
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0en_US
dcterms.publisherSpringeren_US
dcterms.subjectanimal diseasesen_US
dcterms.subjectdisease controlen_US
dcterms.typeJournal Articleen_US

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