Financing Large-Scale Mitigation by Smallholder Farmers: What Roles for Public Climate Finance?

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cg.contributor.affiliationUNIQUE forestry and land use GmbHen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationBlueInventure Ltden_US
cg.contributor.crpClimate Change, Agriculture and Food Securityen_US
cg.coverage.countryEthiopiaen_US
cg.coverage.countryKenyaen_US
cg.coverage.countryTanzaniaen_US
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2ETen_US
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KEen_US
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2TZen_US
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africaen_US
cg.creator.identifierAndreas Wilkes: 0000-0001-7546-991Xen_US
cg.creator.identifierBrian Sing'ora: 0000-0003-3549-0997en_US
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00003en_US
cg.isijournalISI Journalen_US
cg.issn2571-581Xen_US
cg.journalFrontiers in Sustainable Food Systemsen_US
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen_US
cg.subject.ccafsLOW EMISSIONS DEVELOPMENTen_US
cg.volume3en_US
dc.contributor.authorOdhong’, Charlesen_US
dc.contributor.authorWilkes, Andreasen_US
dc.contributor.authorDijk, Suzanne vanen_US
dc.contributor.authorVorlaufer, Miriamen_US
dc.contributor.authorNdonga, Samuelen_US
dc.contributor.authorSing'ora, Brianen_US
dc.contributor.authorKenyanito, Lucyen_US
dc.contributor.editorWollenberg, Eva K.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2020-02-07T18:27:57Zen_US
dc.date.available2020-02-07T18:27:57Zen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/107009en_US
dc.titleFinancing Large-Scale Mitigation by Smallholder Farmers: What Roles for Public Climate Finance?en_US
dcterms.abstractWhile the commercialization and diversification of agricultural and livestock systems have been identified as key global strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation, less is known as to the large-scale gendered impacts that are implicated in these transformations among smallholder crop and livestock farmers. This study explores these gender impacts across different farming systems and gender-respondent-household typologies using data from the Rural Household Multiple Indicator Survey (RHoMIS) in 2,859 households in three East African countries—Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania. Female control scores over incomes or foodstuffs produced through both on and off farm activities were highest in farming systems that had more land and more livestock. However, increasing commercialization—defined herein as the increasing importance of crop and livestock sales to farm households—resulted in an overall decline in female control across all farming systems and gender-respondent-household typologies. In contrast, crop and livestock diversification were positively associated with female control across gender-respondent-household typologies. Analysis of specific crops and livestock products across farming systems and respondent typologies revealed women have far greater control over decisions related to consumption than decisions related to sales, although the gap between the two were less pronounced in lesser-valued livestock products (chickens, eggs). However, the analyses suggest that as sale of crops and livestock increase, female control over these areas could likely diminish, regardless of specific activity. The authors conclude that approaches to adapt to or mitigate climate change that rely on increasing market orientation of smallholder production will likely intensify men's control over benefits from production, whereas diversification will likely have a more positive impact on female control. Thus, climate adaptation strategies promoting increased diversification will likely have a more positive impact on women smallholders than commercialization alone. The authors recommend that when commercialization is the target intervention, it must be accompanied by a gender differentiated analysis of trade-offs and risks to mitigate the potential negative consequences shown in this study.en_US
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Accessen_US
dcterms.available2019-03-19en_US
dcterms.bibliographicCitationOdhong' C, Wilkes A, van Dijk S, Vorlaufer M, Ndonga S, Sing'ora B, Kenyanito L. 2019. Financing Large-Scale Mitigation by Smallholder Farmers: What Roles for Public Climate Finance? Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 3:3.en_US
dcterms.extent3en_US
dcterms.issued2019-02-27en_US
dcterms.languageenen_US
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0en_US
dcterms.publisherFrontiersen_US
dcterms.subjectclimate changeen_US
dcterms.subjectagricultureen_US
dcterms.subjectfood securityen_US
dcterms.typeJournal Articleen_US

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