The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century

Simple item page
cg.creator.identifierKlaus Butterbach-Bahl: 0000-0001-9499-6598en
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0164en
cg.isijournalISI Journalen
cg.issn0962-8436en
cg.issue1621en
cg.journalPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Ben
cg.subject.ilriAGRICULTUREen
cg.subject.ilriCLIMATE CHANGEen
cg.subject.ilriENVIRONMENTen
cg.volume368en
dc.contributor.authorFowler, D.en
dc.contributor.authorCoyle, M.en
dc.contributor.authorSkiba, U.en
dc.contributor.authorSutton, M.A.en
dc.contributor.authorCape, J.N.en
dc.contributor.authorReis, S.en
dc.contributor.authorSheppard, L.J.en
dc.contributor.authorJenkins, A.en
dc.contributor.authorGrizetti, B.en
dc.contributor.authorGalloway, J.N.en
dc.contributor.authorVitousek, P.en
dc.contributor.authorLeach, A.en
dc.contributor.authorBouwman, A.F.en
dc.contributor.authorButterbach-Bahl, Klausen
dc.contributor.authorDentener, F.en
dc.contributor.authorStevenson, D.en
dc.contributor.authorAmann, Markusen
dc.contributor.authorVoss, M.l.en
dc.date.accessioned2014-02-02T10:07:06Zen
dc.date.available2014-02-02T10:07:06Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/34481
dc.titleThe global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first centuryen
dcterms.abstractGlobal nitrogen fixation contributes 413 Tg of reactive nitrogen (Nr) to terrestrial and marine ecosystems annually of which anthropogenic activities are responsible for half, 210 Tg N. The majority of the transformations of anthropogenic Nr are on land (240 Tg N yr-1) within soils and vegetation where reduced Nr contributes most of the input through the use of fertilizer nitrogen in agriculture. Leakages from the use of fertilizer Nr contribute to nitrate (NO3-) in drainage waters from agricultural land and emissions of trace Nr compounds to the atmosphere. Emissions, mainly of ammonia (NH3) from land together with combustion related emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), contribute 100 Tg N yr-1 to the atmosphere, which are transported between countries and processed within the atmosphere, generating secondary pollutants, including ozone and other photochemical oxidants and aerosols, especially ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4. Leaching and riverine transport of NO3 contribute 40–70 Tg N yr-1 to coastal waters and the open ocean, which together with the 30 Tg input to oceans from atmospheric deposition combine with marine biological nitrogen fixation (140 TgN yr-1) to double the ocean processing of Nr. Some of the marine Nr is buried in sediments, the remainder being denitrified back to the atmosphere as N2 or N2O. The marine processing is of a similar magnitude to that in terrestrial soils and vegetation, but has a larger fraction of natural origin. The lifetime of Nr in the atmosphere, with the exception of N2O, is only a few weeks, while in terrestrial ecosystems, with the exception of peatlands (where it can be 102–103 years), the lifetime is a few decades. In the ocean, the lifetime of Nr is less well known but seems to be longer than in terrestrial ecosystems and may represent an important long-term source of N2O that will respond very slowly to control measures on the sources of Nr from which it is produced.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Accessen
dcterms.audienceScientistsen
dcterms.available2013-07-05en
dcterms.bibliographicCitationFowler D., Coyle M., Skiba U., Sutton M.A., Cape J.N., Reis S., Sheppard L.J., Jenkins A., Grizetti B., Galloway J.N., Vitousek P., Leach A., Bouwman A.F., Butterbach-Bahl K., Dentener F., Stevenson D., Amann M., Voss M.l. 2013. The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 368(1621): 1471-2970en
dcterms.extentp. 1471-2970en
dcterms.issued2013-07-05en
dcterms.languageenen
dcterms.licenseCopyrighted; all rights reserveden
dcterms.publisherRoyal Societyen
dcterms.subjectagricultureen
dcterms.subjectclimate changeen
dcterms.subjectenvironmenten
dcterms.typeJournal Articleen

Files

License bundle

Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.75 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Description:
Download

Collections

ILRI LSE program outputs
ILRI articles in journals
ILRI Mazingira Centre
ILRI sustainable livestock systems program outputs (2017–2024)