Impacts of droughts and extreme-temperature events on gross primary production and ecosystem respiration: A systematic assessment across ecosystems and climate zones

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationMax Planck Institute for Biogeochemistryen
cg.contributor.affiliationGeorg-August Universität Göttingenen
cg.contributor.affiliationSwiss Federal Institute of Technologyen
cg.contributor.affiliationTechnische Universität Münchenen
cg.contributor.affiliationNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Researchen
cg.contributor.affiliationGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Researchen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Californiaen
cg.contributor.affiliationMcMaster Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationJoint Research Centre, Italyen
cg.contributor.affiliationFondazione Edmund Machen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity College Corken
cg.contributor.affiliationOregon State Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationInstitute for Mediterranean Forest and Agricultural Systems, Italyen
cg.contributor.affiliationLaval Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationQueen's University Belfasten
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationFree University of Bozen-Bolzanen
cg.contributor.affiliationSan Diego State Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Exeteren
cg.contributor.affiliationGlobal Change Research Institute, Czech Republicen
cg.contributor.affiliationSwedish University of Agricultural Sciencesen
cg.contributor.affiliationCentre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Franceen
cg.contributor.affiliationIstituto di Biometeorologia, Italyen
cg.contributor.affiliationSouthwest Watershed Research Center, USAen
cg.contributor.affiliationAustralian National Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationRussian Academy of Sciencesen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Innsbrucken
cg.creator.identifierLutz Merbold: 0000-0003-4974-170X
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1293-2018en
cg.isijournalISI Journalen
cg.issn1726-4189en
cg.issue5en
cg.journalBiogeosciencesen
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
cg.subject.ilriCLIMATE CHANGEen
cg.subject.ilriDROUGHTen
cg.subject.ilriENVIRONMENTen
cg.volume15en
dc.contributor.authorButtlar, J. vonen
dc.contributor.authorZscheischler, J.en
dc.contributor.authorRammig, A.en
dc.contributor.authorSippel, S.en
dc.contributor.authorReichstein, Markusen
dc.contributor.authorKnohl, A.en
dc.contributor.authorJung, M.en
dc.contributor.authorMenzer, O.en
dc.contributor.authorArain, M.A.en
dc.contributor.authorBuchmann, Ninaen
dc.contributor.authorCescatti, A.en
dc.contributor.authorGianelle, D.en
dc.contributor.authorKiely, G.en
dc.contributor.authorLaw, B.E.en
dc.contributor.authorMagliulo, V.en
dc.contributor.authorMargolis, H.en
dc.contributor.authorMcCaughey, H.en
dc.contributor.authorMerbold, Lutzen
dc.contributor.authorMigliavacca, M.en
dc.contributor.authorMontagnani, L.en
dc.contributor.authorOechel, W.en
dc.contributor.authorPavelka, M.en
dc.contributor.authorPeichl, M.en
dc.contributor.authorRambal, S.en
dc.contributor.authorRaschi, A.en
dc.contributor.authorScott, R.L.en
dc.contributor.authorVaccari, F.P.en
dc.contributor.authorGorsel, E. vanen
dc.contributor.authorVarlagin, Andrejen
dc.contributor.authorWohlfahrt, G.en
dc.contributor.authorMahecha, M.D.en
dc.date.accessioned2018-04-12T19:28:23Zen
dc.date.available2018-04-12T19:28:23Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/92063
dc.titleImpacts of droughts and extreme-temperature events on gross primary production and ecosystem respiration: A systematic assessment across ecosystems and climate zonesen
dcterms.abstractExtreme climatic events, such as droughts and heat stress, induce anomalies in ecosystem–atmosphere CO2 fluxes, such as gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco), and, hence, can change the net ecosystem carbon balance. However, despite our increasing understanding of the underlying mechanisms, the magnitudes of the impacts of different types of extremes on GPP and Reco within and between ecosystems remain poorly predicted. Here we aim to identify the major factors controlling the amplitude of extreme-event impacts on GPP, Reco, and the resulting net ecosystem production (NEP). We focus on the impacts of heat and drought and their combination. We identified hydrometeorological extreme events in consistently downscaled water availability and temperature measurements over a 30-year time period. We then used FLUXNET eddy covariance flux measurements to estimate the CO2 flux anomalies during these extreme events across dominant vegetation types and climate zones. Overall, our results indicate that short-term heat extremes increased respiration more strongly than they downregulated GPP, resulting in a moderate reduction in the ecosystem's carbon sink potential. In the absence of heat stress, droughts tended to have smaller and similarly dampening effects on both GPP and Reco and, hence, often resulted in neutral NEP responses. The combination of drought and heat typically led to a strong decrease in GPP, whereas heat and drought impacts on respiration partially offset each other. Taken together, compound heat and drought events led to the strongest C sink reduction compared to any single-factor extreme. A key insight of this paper, however, is that duration matters most: for heat stress during droughts, the magnitude of impacts systematically increased with duration, whereas under heat stress without drought, the response of Reco over time turned from an initial increase to a downregulation after about 2 weeks. This confirms earlier theories that not only the magnitude but also the duration of an extreme event determines its impact. Our study corroborates the results of several local site-level case studies but as a novelty generalizes these findings on the global scale. Specifically, we find that the different response functions of the two antipodal land–atmosphere fluxes GPP and Reco can also result in increasing NEP during certain extreme conditions. Apparently counterintuitive findings of this kind bear great potential for scrutinizing the mechanisms implemented in state-of-the-art terrestrial biosphere models and provide a benchmark for future model development and testing.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceScientistsen
dcterms.available2018-03-05
dcterms.bibliographicCitationvon Buttlar, J., Zscheischler, J., Rammig, A., Sippel, S., Reichstein, M., Knohl, A., Jung, M., Menzer, O., Arain, M. A., Buchmann, N., Cescatti, A., Gianelle, D., Kiely, G., Law, B. E., Magliulo, V., Margolis, H., McCaughey, H., Merbold, L., Migliavacca, M., Montagnani, L., Oechel, W., Pavelka, M., Peichl, M., Rambal, S., Raschi, A., Scott, R.L., Vaccari, F.P., van Gorsel, E., Varlagin, A., Wohlfahrt, G. and Mahecha, M.D. 2018. Impacts of droughts and extreme-temperature events on gross primary production and ecosystem respiration: A systematic assessment across ecosystems and climate zones. Biogeosciences 15:1293-1318.en
dcterms.extentp. 1293-1318en
dcterms.issued2018-03-05
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherCopernicus GmbHen
dcterms.subjectclimateen
dcterms.subjectdroughten
dcterms.subjectecosystemsen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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