Aflatoxin M1 levels in different marketed milk products in Nairobi, Kenya

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationUppsala Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationSwedish University of Agricultural Sciencesen
cg.contributor.affiliationJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technologyen
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Health
cg.contributor.donorMinistry of Foreign Affairs, Finlanden
cg.coverage.countryKenya
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KE
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africa
cg.creator.identifierJohanna Lindahl: 0000-0002-1175-0398en
cg.creator.identifierDelia Grace: 0000-0002-0195-9489en
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-018-0323-4en
cg.isijournalISI Journalen
cg.issn0178-7888en
cg.issue4en
cg.journalMycotoxin Researchen
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
cg.subject.ilriAFLATOXINSen
cg.subject.ilriDAIRYINGen
cg.subject.ilriFOOD SAFETYen
cg.volume34en
dc.contributor.authorLindahl, Johanna F.en
dc.contributor.authorKagera, I.N.en
dc.contributor.authorGrace, Deliaen
dc.date.accessioned2018-08-24T06:47:29Zen
dc.date.available2018-08-24T06:47:29Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/96892
dc.titleAflatoxin M1 levels in different marketed milk products in Nairobi, Kenyaen
dcterms.abstractMilk is an important source of energy and nutrients, especially for children, and in Kenya, milk consumption is higher than other countries in the region. One major concern with milk is the risks of chemical contaminants, and reports of high levels of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk in Kenya has been causing public health concerns. This study collected marketed milk products every month during 1 year, just as a consumer would purchase them from retailers and traders in a low-income area, and a major supermarket in a middle/high-income area. In total, 291 sampled milk products (raw, pasteurised, UHT milk, yoghurt and lala) were collected and analysed for AFM1 using a commercial ELISA kit. More than 50% of the samples exceeded 50 ng/kg (the level allowed in the EU), but only three samples exceeded 500 ng/kg (the level allowed in the USA). Geometric mean AFM1 level was 61.9 ng/kg in the 135 samples from the low-income area while it was 36.1 ng/kg in the 156 from the higher income area (p < 0.001). The levels varied significantly depending on the time of year, with lowest levels of milk in January. There were also differences between manufacturers and products, with UHT milk having lower levels. There was no difference depending on the price for all dairy products, but when only including milk, higher price was associated with lower levels of AFM1. In conclusion, this study shows that milk purchased by a consumer is likely to contain AFM1 above 50 ng/kg, and that further research is needed to find ways to mitigate AFM1 contamination through working with farmers and milk processors both in the formal and informal sectors.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceScientistsen
dcterms.available2018-08-14en
dcterms.bibliographicCitationLindahl, J.F., Kagera, I.N. and Grace, D. 2018. Aflatoxin M1 levels in different marketed milk products in Nairobi, Kenya. Mycotoxin Research 34(4): 289–295.en
dcterms.extentp. 289-295en
dcterms.issued2018-11en
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherSpringeren
dcterms.subjectaflatoxinsen
dcterms.subjectanimal productsen
dcterms.subjectanimal diseasesen
dcterms.subjectfood safetyen
dcterms.subjectdairiesen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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