Water reuse in the Middle East and North Africa: a sourcebook

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cg.contributor.donorSwedish International Development Cooperation Agencyen
cg.coverage.countryAlgeria
cg.coverage.countryBahrain
cg.coverage.countryEgypt
cg.coverage.countryIraq
cg.coverage.countryJordan
cg.coverage.countryKuwait
cg.coverage.countryLebanon
cg.coverage.countryLibya
cg.coverage.countryMauritania
cg.coverage.countryMorocco
cg.coverage.countryOman
cg.coverage.countryPalestine, State of
cg.coverage.countryQatar
cg.coverage.countrySaudi Arabia
cg.coverage.countrySudan
cg.coverage.countrySyria
cg.coverage.countryTunisia
cg.coverage.countryUnited Arab Emirates
cg.coverage.countryYemen
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2DZ
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2BH
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2EG
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2IQ
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2JO
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KW
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2LB
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2LY
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2MR
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2MA
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2OM
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2PS
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2QA
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2SA
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2SD
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2SY
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2TN
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2AE
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2YE
cg.coverage.regionMiddle East
cg.coverage.regionNorthern Africa
cg.coverage.regionWestern Asia
cg.coverage.regionWestern Africa
cg.coverage.subregionMarrakech Wastewater Treatment Plant
cg.coverage.subregionBoukhalef Wastewater Treatment Plant
cg.coverage.subregionSfax Sud Wastewater Treatment Plant
cg.coverage.subregionOuardanine Wastewater Treatment Plant
cg.coverage.subregionJericho Wastewater Treatment Plant
cg.coverage.subregionTala Bay Wastewater Treatment Plant
cg.coverage.subregionWadi Musa Wastewater Treatment Plant
cg.coverage.subregionAl Wathbah-2 Wastewater Treatment Plant
cg.coverage.subregionJebel Ali Wastewater Treatment Plant
cg.coverage.subregionAbu Dhabi Irrigation Scheme
cg.coverage.subregionSadd al Ahmar Alfalfa Irrigation Area
cg.coverage.subregionWest Bank
cg.coverage.subregionEl Hajeb
cg.coverage.subregionDubai
cg.creator.identifierJavier Mateo-Sagasta: 0000-0003-4526-0140en
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.5337/2022.225en
cg.identifier.iwmilibraryH051502en
cg.isbn9789290909460en
cg.placeColombo, Sri Lankaen
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
dc.contributor.authorMateo-Sagasta, Javieren
dc.contributor.authorAl-Hamdi, M.en
dc.contributor.authorAbuZeid, K.en
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-14T09:26:59Zen
dc.date.available2022-11-14T09:26:59Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/125439
dc.titleWater reuse in the Middle East and North Africa: a sourcebooken
dcterms.abstractWater scarcity in the Middle East and North Africa is intensifying due to rapid population growth, urbanization, and climate change, with average per capita water availability far below global thresholds. Although municipal wastewater offers a growing and renewable source, over half of the 21.5 billion m³ produced annually is lost through discharge or evaporation, while only around 10% is directly reused. Efforts to recover this resource have led to over 400 reuse projects across agriculture, landscaping, and industry, particularly in countries with advanced infrastructure. Treated wastewater supports irrigation and nutrient recovery, with potential for energy generation through methane capture. However, major barriers persist: weak regulatory enforcement, limited cost recovery, and low public acceptance, especially where informal or unsafe reuse occurs. Salinity, pathogens, and emerging pollutants remain challenges for agricultural application, especially without robust treatment or risk mitigation. Improving safety and scale requires better regulation, decentralized systems, inclusive planning, and financial incentives. Integrated reuse strategies linking water, food, and energy systems offer a path to increased resilience, environmental protection, and progress toward sustainability goals.en_US
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.available2022en
dcterms.bibliographicCitationMateo-Sagasta, Javier; Al-Hamdi, M.; AbuZeid, K. (Eds.). 2022. Water reuse in the Middle East and North Africa: a sourcebook. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 292p. (Also in Arabic) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2022.225]en
dcterms.extent292p. (Also in Arabic)en
dcterms.issued2022-11-14en
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherInternational Water Management Instituteen
dcterms.subjectwater reuseen
dcterms.subjectwater resourcesen
dcterms.subjectwater availabilityen
dcterms.subjectwater scarcityen
dcterms.subjectwastewater managementen
dcterms.subjectwastewater treatment plantsen
dcterms.subjectresource recoveryen
dcterms.subjectcost recoveryen
dcterms.subjectmunicipal wastewateren
dcterms.subjectwater quality standardsen
dcterms.subjectregulationsen
dcterms.subjectguidelinesen
dcterms.subjectplanningen
dcterms.subjectrisk managementen
dcterms.subjectwater policiesen
dcterms.subjectwater governanceen
dcterms.subjectwater supplyen
dcterms.subjectirrigation wateren
dcterms.subjectgroundwateren
dcterms.subjectaquifersen
dcterms.subjectwadien
dcterms.subjectfarmersen
dcterms.subjectgender mainstreamingen
dcterms.subjectgender equalityen
dcterms.subjectwomenen
dcterms.subjectinstitutional developmenten
dcterms.subjectgovernmental organizationsen
dcterms.subjectmulti-stakeholder processesen
dcterms.subjectfundingen
dcterms.subjectbusiness modelsen
dcterms.subjectpopulation growthen
dcterms.subjecturbanizationen
dcterms.subjectmigrationen
dcterms.subjecthealthen
dcterms.subjectcase studiesen
dcterms.typeBook

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