General contextual effects on neglected tropical disease risk in rural Kenya

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen_US
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Edinburghen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Southamptonen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUnited States International Universityen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationKenya Medical Research Instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Liverpoolen_US
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Healthen_US
cg.contributor.donorBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdomen_US
cg.contributor.donorMedical Research Council, United Kingdomen_US
cg.contributor.donorWellcome Trusten_US
cg.coverage.countryKenyaen_US
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KEen_US
cg.coverage.regionAfricaen_US
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africaen_US
cg.creator.identifierWilliam de Glanville: 0000-0003-2474-0356en_US
cg.creator.identifierLian Thomas: 0000-0001-8447-1210en_US
cg.creator.identifierElizabeth Cook: 0000-0001-6081-8363en_US
cg.creator.identifierEric M. Fèvre: 0000-0001-8931-4986en_US
cg.creator.identifierMark Bronsvoort: 0000-0002-3271-8485en_US
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden_US
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007016en_US
cg.isijournalISI Journalen_US
cg.issn1935-2735en_US
cg.issue12en_US
cg.journalPLOS Neglected Tropical Diseasesen_US
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen_US
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL DISEASESen_US
cg.subject.ilriHEALTHen_US
cg.volume12en_US
dc.contributor.authorGlanville, William A. deen_US
dc.contributor.authorThomas, Lian F.en_US
dc.contributor.authorCook, Elizabeth A.J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBronsvoort, B.M. de C.en_US
dc.contributor.authorWardrop, N.en_US
dc.contributor.authorWamae, C.N.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKariuki, S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorFèvre, Eric M.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2019-01-04T06:10:42Zen_US
dc.date.available2019-01-04T06:10:42Zen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/98942en_US
dc.titleGeneral contextual effects on neglected tropical disease risk in rural Kenyaen_US
dcterms.abstractThe neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are characterized by their tendency to cluster within groups of people, typically the poorest and most marginalized. Despite this, measures of clustering, such as within-group correlation or between-group heterogeneity, are rarely reported from community-based studies of NTD risk. We describe a general contextual analysis that uses multi-level models to partition and quantify variation in individual NTD risk at multiple grouping levels in rural Kenya. The importance of general contextual effects (GCE) in structuring variation in individual infection with Schistosoma mansoni, the soil-transmitted helminths, Taenia species, and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar was examined at the household-, sublocation- and constituency-levels using variance partition/intra-class correlation co-efficients and median odds ratios. These were compared with GCE for HIV, Plasmodium falciparum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The role of place of residence in shaping infection risk was further assessed using the spatial scan statistic. Individuals from the same household showed correlation in infection for all pathogens, and this was consistently highest for the gastrointestinal helminths. The lowest levels of household clustering were observed for E. histolytica/dispar, P. falciparum and M. tuberculosis. Substantial heterogeneity in individual infection risk was observed between sublocations for S. mansoni and Taenia solium cysticercosis and between constituencies for infection with S. mansoni, Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides. Large overlapping spatial clusters were detected for S. mansoni, T. trichiura, A. lumbricoides, and Taenia spp., which overlapped a large cluster of elevated HIV risk. Important place-based heterogeneities in infection risk exist in this community, and these GCEs are greater for the NTDs and HIV than for TB and malaria. Our findings suggest that broad-scale contextual drivers shape infectious disease risk in this population, but these effects operate at different grouping-levels for different pathogens. A general contextual analysis can provide a foundation for understanding the complex ecology of NTDs and contribute to the targeting of interventions.en_US
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Accessen_US
dcterms.audienceScientistsen_US
dcterms.available2018-12-21en_US
dcterms.bibliographicCitationGlanville, W.A. de, Thomas, L.F., Cook, E.A.J., Bronsvoort, B.M. de C., Wardrop, N., Wamae, C.N., Kariuki, S. and Fèvre, E.M. 2018. General contextual effects on neglected tropical disease risk in rural Kenya. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 12(12): e0007016.en_US
dcterms.issued2018-12-21en_US
dcterms.languageenen_US
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0en_US
dcterms.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_US
dcterms.subjectanimal diseasesen_US
dcterms.subjectzoonosesen_US
dcterms.subjecthealthen_US
dcterms.typeJournal Articleen_US

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