# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Determinants of animal disease and nontherapeutic antibiotic use on smallholder livestock farms

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.affiliation[].value
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.donor[].value
Medical Research Council, United Kingdom

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Determinants of animal disease and nontherapeutic antibiotic use on smallholder livestock farms

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.abstract[].value
Introduction: Reducing nontherapeutic antibiotic use (ABU) in livestock animals has been identified as an important way of curbing the growth of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, nontherapeutic ABU may be important for managing animal disease. In order to reduce nontherapeutic ABU, farmers may need to implement other complementary interventions to safeguard animal health and minimize risk. We should therefore investigate if nontherapeutic ABU is associated with better animal health outcomes before advocating to reduce it. We should also investigate non-antibiotic factors which protect animal health and can make nontherapeutic use less necessary, as well as factors which can encourage farmers to improve their antibiotic stewardship.

Methods: The study investigated these questions using data from the AMUSE survey, which is designed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to AMR in smallholder livestock farms. The sample included 320 animal herds from 216 smallholder livestock farms in Burkina Faso, with livestock species including poultry, small ruminants, and cattle. The determinants of the occurrence of animal disease and nontherapeutic ABU were investigated using binary logistic regression.

Results: Results revealed that nontherapeutic ABU was positively associated with animal disease, although the potential reverse causality of this relationship should be investigated further. Going primarily to a public veterinarian for animal health services, and having a higher level of formal education, were negatively associated with the occurrence of disease. Going primarily to a community animal health worker was positively associated with using antibiotics nontherapeutically, whereas going primarily to a public veterinarian was negatively associated with this outcome. Having an animal health professional (of any kind) provide diagnosis and treatment was positively associated with nontherapeutic antibiotic use for goats and sheep.

Discussion: These findings support the expansion of education access and public veterinary services as a way to encourage better antibiotic stewardship while guarding against any animal health risks associated with doing so. They also highlight that animal health professionals other than public veterinarians may prioritize animal health outcomes over antibiotic stewardship goals.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.bibliographicCitation[].value
Emes, E., Kagambèga, A. and Dione, M. 2024. Determinants of animal disease and nontherapeutic antibiotic use on smallholder livestock farms. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 10: 1258214.

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CGIAR Climate Change Impact Platform: Annual Technical Report 2023

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
CGIAR Climate Change Impact Platform: Annual Technical Report 2023

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.bibliographicCitation[].value
CGIAR Climate Change Impact Platform. 2024. CGIAR Climate Change Impact Platform: Annual Technical Report 2023. Montpellier, France: CGIAR System Organization.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
The public health importance and management of infectious poultry diseases in smallholder systems in Africa

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.donor[].value
United States Agency for International Development

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.donor[].value
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Germany

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
The public health importance and management of infectious poultry diseases in smallholder systems in Africa

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.abstract[].value
Poultry diseases pose major constraints on smallholder production in Africa, causing high flock mortality and economic hardship. Infectious diseases, especially viral diseases like Newcastle disease and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and bacterial diseases, especially colibacillosis and salmonellosis, are responsible for most chicken losses, with downstream effects on human nutrition and health. Beyond production impacts, poultry diseases directly harm public health if zoonotic, can give rise to epidemics and pandemics, and facilitate antimicrobial resistance through treatment attempts. HPAI, campylobacteriosis, and salmonellosis are the priority zoonoses. Sustainable solutions for poultry health remain elusive despite recognition of the problem. This review summarises current knowledge on major poultry diseases in smallholder systems, their impacts, and options for prevention and control. We find biosecurity, vaccination, good husbandry, and disease-resistant breeds can reduce disease burden, but practical limitations exist in implementing these measures across smallholder systems. Treatment is often inefficient for viral diseases, and treatment for bacterial diseases risks antimicrobial resistance. Ethnoveterinary practices offer accessible alternatives but require more rigorous evaluation. Multisectoral collaboration and policies that reach smallholder poultry keepers are essential to alleviate disease constraints. Successful control will improve livelihoods, nutrition, and gender equity for millions of rural families. This review concludes that sustainable, scalable solutions for smallholder poultry disease control remain a critical unmet need in Africa.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.bibliographicCitation[].value
Grace, D., Knight-Jones, T.J.D., Melaku, A., Alders, R. and Jemberu, W.T. 2024. The public health importance and management of infectious poultry diseases in smallholder systems in Africa. Foods 13(3): 411.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Projecting the contribution of provitamin A maize biofortification and other nutrition interventions to the nutritional adequacy and cost of diets in rural Zimbabwe

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.affiliation[].value
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.affiliation[].value
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.affiliation[].value
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.donor[].value
UK Global Challenges Research Fund administered

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.donor[].value
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.subject.impactArea[].value
Gender equality, youth and social inclusion

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Projecting the contribution of provitamin A maize biofortification and other nutrition interventions to the nutritional adequacy and cost of diets in rural Zimbabwe

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.abstract[].value
Background: Evidence of the effectiveness of biofortified maize with higher provitamin A (PVA) to address vitamin A deficiency in rural Africa remains scant. Objectives: This study projects the impact of adopting PVA maize for a diversity of households in an area typical of rural Zimbabwe and models the cost and composition of diets adequate in vitamin A. Methods: Household-level weighed food records were generated from 30 rural households during a week in April and November 2021. Weekly household intakes were calculated, as well as indicative costs of diets using data from market surveys. The impact of PVA maize adoption was modeled assuming all maize products contained observed vitamin A concentrations. The composition and cost of the least expensive indicative diets adequate in vitamin A were calculated using linear programming. Results: Very few households would reach adequate intake of vitamin A with the consumption of PVA maize. However, from a current situation of 33%, 50%–70% of households were projected to reach ≤50% of their requirements (the target of PVA), even with the modest vitamin A concentrations achieved on-farm (mean of 28.3 μg RAE per 100 g). This proportion would increase if higher concentrations recorded on-station were achieved. The estimated daily costs of current diets (mean ± standard deviation) were USD 1.43 ± 0.59 in the wet season and USD 0.96 ± 0.40 in the dry season. By comparison, optimization models suggest that diets adequate in vitamin A could be achieved at daily costs of USD 0.97 and USD 0.79 in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Conclusions: The adoption of PVA maize would bring a substantial improvement in vitamin A intake in rural Zimbabwe but should be combined with other interventions (e.g., diet diversification) to fully address vitamin A deficiency.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.bibliographicCitation[].value
Baudron, F., Cairns, J. E., Haefele, S. M., Hassall, K. L., Ndhlela, T., Nyagumbo, I., Manzeke-Kangara, M. G., & Joy, E. J. (2024). Projecting the contribution of provitamin a maize biofortification and other nutrition interventions to the nutritional adequacy and cost of diets in rural zimbabwe. The Journal of Nutrition, S0022316624001780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.009

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Rangeland Biophysical Resource Assessment in Southern Ethiopia: Baseline Study Report

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.donor[].value
Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Rangeland Biophysical Resource Assessment in Southern Ethiopia: Baseline Study Report

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.abstract[].value
The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), in partnership with African Medical and Research Foundation (Amref) and Veterinaires Sans Frontiere (VSF) Suisse, are jointly implementing HEAL (One Health for Humans, Environment, Animals and Livelihood  in parts of Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia. ILRI is implementing the rangeland health component. Between December 2022 and January 2023, a baseline rangeland biophysical assessment was undertaken in Moyale and Filtu districts of the Somali Region and Moyale District of Borana Zone of Oromia Region in Ethiopia at 12 monitoring locations in four rangeland units: Wayama, Osobey-Golba, Dukusu and Arda Olla.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.bibliographicCitation[].value
Eba, B., Ebro, A., Sircely, J., Ijo, A. and Tilahun, M. 2024. Rangeland Biophysical Resource Assessment in Southern Ethiopia: Baseline Study Report. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
The pattern of genetic variability in a core collection of 2,021 cowpea accessions

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.affiliation[].value
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.donor[].value
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
The pattern of genetic variability in a core collection of 2,021 cowpea accessions

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.abstract[].value
Cowpea is a highly drought-adapted leguminous crop with great promise for improving agricultural sustainability and food security. Here, we report analyses derived from array-based genotyping of 2,021 accessions constituting a core subset of the world's largest cowpea collection, held at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Ibadan, Nigeria. We used this dataset to examine genetic variation and population structure in worldwide cowpea. We confirm that the primary pattern of population structure is two geographically defined subpopulations originating in West and East Africa, respectively, and that population structure is associated with shifts in phenotypic distribution. Furthermore, we establish the cowpea core collection as a resource for genome-wide association studies by mapping the genetic basis of several phenotypes, with a focus on seed coat pigmentation patterning and color. We anticipate that the genotyped IITA Cowpea Core Collection will serve as a powerful tool for mapping complex traits, facilitating the acceleration of breeding programs to enhance the resilience of this crop in the face of rapid global climate change.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.bibliographicCitation[].value
Fiscus, C.J., Herniter, I.A., Tchamba, M., Paliwal, R., Muñoz-Amatriaín, M., Roberts, P.A., ... & Koenig, D. (2024). The pattern of genetic variability in a core collection of 2,021 cowpea accessions. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics, jkae071, 1-15.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Changes in the rhizosphere and root-associated bacteria community of white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) impacted by genotype and nitrogen fertilization

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.affiliation[].value
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Changes in the rhizosphere and root-associated bacteria community of white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) impacted by genotype and nitrogen fertilization

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.abstract[].value
The bacterial diversity and composition of water yam (Dioscorea alata L. cv. A-19), which can grow without chemical fertilization, have recently been characterized with no significant differences compared with the use of chemical fertilization. However, the diversity and community structure of bacteria associated with the white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata), the most cultivated and economically important yam in West Africa, have not yet been investigated. This study characterized the bacterial diversity and composition associated with bulk soil, rhizosphere, and plant roots in six white Guinea yam genotypes (S004, S020, S032, S042, S058, and S074) in field experiments in Ibadan, Nigeria under N-based chemical fertilizer application. The largest diversity of bacteria was found in the bulk soil, followed by the rhizosphere and roots. Based on the alpha diversity analysis, the bacterial diversity in both S020 and S042 increased with fertilizer application among the bulk soil samples. S058 grown under no-fertilizer conditions had the highest bacterial diversity among the rhizosphere samples. Beta diversity analysis highlighted the significant difference in the composition of bacteria associated with the genotypes and fertilizer treatments, and S032 had a unique bacterial composition compared to the other genotypes. The dominant phylum across all sample types was Proteobacteria. Actinobacteriota was the dominant phylum among bulk soil samples. At the genus level, Bacillus was the most abundant bacterial genus across both the control and treated samples. Pseudomonas was predominant across all rhizosphere samples. Chryseobacterium, Sphingobium, Delftia and Klebsiella associated with the rhizosphere were shown the altered relative abundance between the control and treated samples depending on genotypes. A genus related to symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium clade, showed higher relative abundance among all root samples, indicating that it is a core bacterial genus. Furthermore, the field application of chemical fertilizer had a significant impact on the relative abundances of two genera related to symbiotic nitrogen-fixers, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium clade and Bradyrhizobium in the rhizosphere and root. These results suggest that N-based chemical fertilizers and plant genotypes would influence the compositional arrangement of associated bacterial communities, including symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.bibliographicCitation[].value
Idowu, A.P., Yamamoto, K., Koizumi, T., Matsutani, M., Takada, K., Shiwa, Y., ... & Shiwachi, H. (2024). Changes in the rhizosphere and root-associated bacteria community of white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) impacted by genotype and nitrogen fertilization. Heliyon, 10(12: e33169), 1-16.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
இலங்கையின் களுஓயா ஆற்றுப்பள்ளத்தாக்கில் உள்ள ஈரநில சுற்றுச்சூழல் அமைப்பின் மாதிரியாக்கமும் மதிப்பீடும் (In Tamil)

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.donor[].value
UK International Development from the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.author[].value
International Water Management Institute (IWMI)

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
இலங்கையின் களுஓயா ஆற்றுப்பள்ளத்தாக்கில் உள்ள ஈரநில சுற்றுச்சூழல் அமைப்பின் மாதிரியாக்கமும் மதிப்பீடும் (In Tamil)

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.alternative[].value
Wetland ecosystem modelling and valuation in Kalu Oya Basin, Sri Lanka

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.bibliographicCitation[].value
International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2024. இலங்கையின் களுஓயா ஆற்றுப்பள்ளத்தாக்கில் உள்ள ஈரநில சுற்றுச்சூழல் அமைப்பின் மாதிரியாக்கமும் மதிப்பீடும். In Tamil. [Wetland ecosystem modelling and valuation in Kalu Oya Basin, Sri Lanka].  Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 4p. (Also in English/Sinhalese)

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[].hitHighlights.dcterms.abstract[]
09-10 January 2024 (HYDERABAD, India) – The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) organized a gender-responsive seed information and delivery pathways workshop on 9 and 10 January 2024 in Hyderabad. The activity was a part of the Work Package

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
CGIAR Seed Equal Initiative highlights women and smallholder farmers’ inclusion in seed information and delivery

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
CGIAR Seed Equal Initiative highlights women and smallholder farmers’ inclusion in seed information and delivery

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.abstract[].value
09-10 January 2024 (HYDERABAD, India) – The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) organized a gender-responsive seed information and delivery pathways workshop on 9 and 10 January 2024 in Hyderabad. The activity was a part of the Work Package 6 of the CGIAR Seed Equal Initiative which focuses on increasing women's and marginalized farmers' access to seeds of improved, climate-resilient, and market-preferred varieties to improve their agricultural productivity and nutritional security.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.bibliographicCitation[].value
ujur, Aparajita, Puskur, Ranjitha. and Escarez, Veronica Mae. 2024. CGIAR Seed Equal Initiative highlights women and smallholder farmers' inclusion in seed information and delivery. IRRI News.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Incomati Basin-wide model workshop: Engaging with results, planning for handover

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.affiliation[].value
Incomati and Maputo Watercourse Commission

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Incomati Basin-wide model workshop: Engaging with results, planning for handover

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.bibliographicCitation[].value
Fakudze, B.; Lautze, J. 2024. Incomati Basin-wide model workshop: Engaging with results, planning for handover. Montpellier, France: CGIAR.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[].hitHighlights.dc.title[]
ILRI Capacity Development Newsletter, Issue 1, January 2024

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
ILRI Capacity Development Newsletter, Issue 1, January 2024

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
ILRI Capacity Development Newsletter, Issue 1, January 2024

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.bibliographicCitation[].value
ILRI. 2024. ILRI Capacity Development Newsletter, Issue 1, January 2024. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.affiliation[].value
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.abstract[].value
The CGIAR Excellence in Agronomy Initiative was launched in 2020 to improve outcomes for smallholder farmers amidst climate change.  EiA is supported by the CGIAR Big Data Platform and will combine big data analytics, new sensing technologies, geospatial decision tools, and farming systems research to come up with scalable agronomic innovations for agricultural development. The initiative is not only responding to demand from the public and private sectors but will also help increase efficiencies through stronger collaboration and cross-learning among CGIAR centers and within the broader agronomy R&D ecosystem.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.bibliographicCitation[].value
CGIAR Excellence in Agronomy Initiative (2024).  CGIAR Excellence in Agronomy Initiative Ibadan, Nigeria

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.publisher[].value
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Potential contribution of agronomic practices and conservation agriculture towards narrowing smallholders' yield gaps in Southern Africa: Lessons from the field

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.affiliation[].value
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.affiliation[].value
Instituto de Investigação Agrária de Moçambique

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Potential contribution of agronomic practices and conservation agriculture towards narrowing smallholders' yield gaps in Southern Africa: Lessons from the field

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.abstract[].value
Smallholders in Southern Africa continue to grapple with low maize productivity despite this being the staple food crop. This study sought to analyze and isolate the relative contribution of agronomic practices to maize yields obtained by smallholders in Malawi and Mozambique using data generated from on-farm trials testing the performance of conservation agriculture cropping systems. The trials were implemented in two communities, namely Kasungu district in Malawi and Sussundenga district in Mozambique, and ran for seven consecutive growing seasons starting in 2010-2011. Maize yield was measured annually in the on-farm trials, which included a 'control treatment' representing an improved farm practice, and in neighboring fields managed by the same farmers on their own, hence representing a 'true farm practice'. Results indicated that maize yield increased linearly with increasing plant population at harvest at both sites. On average, an increase in plant population at harvest by 1000 plants ha-1 resulted in an increase in maize yield of 90 and 63 kg ha-1 at Kasungu and Sussundenga, respectively. The greatest maize yields were obtained when plant population at harvest exceeded 40 000 plants ha-1. Yet, the plant population at harvest was below the generally recommended optimum for most of the cropping systems studied and in most growing seasons. Furthermore, the use of agronomic practices alone without conservation agriculture (i.e., improved varieties, fertilizer management, and timely weed control) resulted in maize yield gains of as much as 54% and 43% relative to the 'true farm practice' at Kasungu and Sussundenga, respectively. Overall, the proportion of these yield increases relative to the 'true farm practice' accounted for by agronomic practices amounted to 53-70% and 57-85% at Kasungu and Sussundenga for the highest to the lowest-yielding cropping system. Although conservation agriculture significantly improved maize yield at both sites, such increases were smaller in magnitude compared to the yield gains derived from improved agronomic practices. The study suggests that considerable strides toward narrowing maize yield gaps in Southern Africa can be achieved through improvement of current crop management practices, let alone adhering to the conservation agriculture principles of minimum tillage, residue retention, and crop diversification.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.bibliographicCitation[].value
Nyagumbo, I., Nyamayevu, D., Chipindu, L., Siyeni, D., Dias, D., & Silva, J. V. (2024). Potential contribution of agronomic practices and conservation agriculture towards narrowing smallholders’ yield gaps in Southern Africa: Lessons from the field. Experimental Agriculture, 60, e10.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
የሰብል ተረፈ ምርት (ገለባ) አዘገጃጀትና አጠቃቀም

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
የሰብል ተረፈ ምርት (ገለባ) አዘገጃጀትና አጠቃቀም

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.bibliographicCitation[].value
ILRI. 2024. የሰብል ተረፈ ምርት (ገለባ) አዘገጃጀትና አጠቃቀም. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Food safety in informal public markets in Kenya: perceptions of stakeholders in the food chain

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.affiliation[].value
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.donor[].value
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Germany

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Food safety in informal public markets in Kenya: perceptions of stakeholders in the food chain

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.abstract[].value
Introduction: Informal markets play a crucial role in providing fresh and nutritious foods for people in low and middle-income countries. However, the safety of food sold in these markets remains a major concern, contributing to a high burden of foodborne illnesses.

Methods: This study was designed to analyze stakeholder perceptions of food safety in selected informal public markets in Kenya. Eight focus group discussions and 15 key informant interviews were conducted. In addition, two workshops were held to validate the findings.

Results and discussion: We found that consumers and vendors confounded food quality, especially freshness, with safety, and paid more attention to appearance and physical qualities than food safety. Information (such as branding and expiry dates) and heuristic cues (such as the flow of buyers and the presence of flies) were used to assess food safety. Meat was perceived as the food most likely to cause disease. Chemical hazards in fresh produce and aflatoxins in maize were mentioned as priority hazards by both vendors and consumers. Stakeholders more knowledgeable about food safety considered microbial hazards as a top priority. Although diarrheal diseases were reported to be prevalent in the communities, these were often thought to be the result of agri-chemical residues in fresh produce or the consumption of high-fat foods, and not commonly linked to bacteria in food. Gaps identified during the interviews included poor infrastructure, inadequate food safety knowledge, insufficient or prohibitive policies, insufficient political will, and poor food safety-related practices. There were few mentions of lack of motivation or incentives for behavior change, or insufficient consumer demand for food safety. To fill the gaps, several opportunities were discussed, including contextualizing policies and regulations, investing in infrastructure, capacity building, and training, and promoting involvement and collaboration among various stakeholders.

Conclusion: This study has highlighted gaps and misperceptions that need to be addressed through proper knowledge and awareness to effectively combat foodborne disease challenges. Behavioral change approaches to improve food safety are recommended.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.bibliographicCitation[].value
Kuboka, M., Grace, D., Artursson, K., Lindahl, J., Carlsson, G. and Mutua, F. 2024. Food safety in informal public markets in Kenya: perceptions of stakeholders in the food chain. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 8: 1411318.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
What shapes yields of East African Highland banana? An explorative study from farmers’ fields

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.affiliation[].value
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.donor[].value
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
What shapes yields of East African Highland banana? An explorative study from farmers’ fields

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.abstract[].value
Context or problem
East African Highland banana is a main staple and cash crop for millions of people in the Great Lakes region of Africa. Reliable methods for banana yield estimation are lacking and factors underlying yield variability are not well understood.

Objective or research question
We studied the interrelations and relative importance of yield components (yield per mat, mat density, bunch weight, cycle duration and the number of bunches harvested per mat per year or per hectare per year) to on-farm yields. We also explored various methods to estimate yields and tested hypotheses on influence of several biotic and abiotic factors on yields in farmers’ fields.

Methods
From July 2019 until June 2021, yields, bunch weights and management practices in 118 fields in West and South-West Uganda were monitored and detailed data on 10 mats per field were collected monthly. This was complemented by a one-off bunch weight survey covering 171 fields.

Results
Median yields in West and South-West Uganda were respectively 31 and 32 ton fresh weight (FW)/ha/year in 2019/2020 and 38 and 36 ton FW/ha/year in 2020/2021. Bunch weights and the number of bunches harvested per hectare were major determinants of yields, while mat density was of minor importance. However, higher mat density was correlated with lighter bunches, longer cycle durations and fewer bunches harvested per mat. Fields that were reportedly manured in the past produced heavier bunches, but the effect of manure applied in 2019/2020 on yields in 2020/2021 was not significant. Higher yields and heavier bunches were associated with mulching, but the underlying causality needs unravelling. Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW) was a major yield-reducing factor. Farmers had to remove diseased suckers in 38% of the monitored fields. Modest amounts of mineral fertilizer had a positive effect on yields and bunch weights, but only in absence of BXW.

Conclusions
Bunch weights and the number of bunches harvested per hectare are major determinants of banana yields. Mineral fertilizer application increases yields within 12 months in the absence of BXW. Manure application seems to need longer duration for effect. On-farm banana yields are higher than reported in literature.

Implications and significance
Yield estimation methods need to be standardized. Future initiatives for improving banana yields should focus on controlling BXW prior to advocating input use. Research should be conducted to unravel the effect of mulch and different combinations and rates of manure and mineral fertilizer on banana yields.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.bibliographicCitation[].value
den Braber, H., van de Ven, G., van Heerwaarden, J., Marinus, W., Ronner, E., Descheemaeker, K. & Taulya, G. (2024). What shapes yields of East African Highland banana? An explorative study from farmers’ fields. European Journal of Agronomy, 156: 127141, 1-22.

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Multidimensional Gender and Social Norms in Agrifood System Index

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International Food Policy Research Institute

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.affiliation[].value
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.subject.impactArea[].value
Gender equality, youth and social inclusion

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Multidimensional Gender and Social Norms in Agrifood System Index

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.bibliographicCitation[].value
Seymour, G., Cole, S., Costenbader, B. and Heckert, J. 2024. Multidimensional Gender and Social Norms in Agrifood System Index: IPSR Innovation Profile. First edition, 2024. Montpellier: CGIAR System Organization.

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IITA Forest Center Nigerian Threatened Trees Project

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.affiliation[].value
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.author[].value
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
IITA Forest Center Nigerian Threatened Trees Project

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The Nigerian Threatened Trees Project started in 2016. IITA Forest Center shares results of propagation trials on 55 threatened trees in the IUCN Red List. Over 1000 people worldwide have downloaded information on the propagation methods of these native species in 15 countries worldwide.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.bibliographicCitation[].value
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. (2024). IITA Forest Center Nigerian Threatened Trees Project. Ibadan, Nigeria: IITA Communication Office

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.publisher[].value
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

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Preventing and controlling zinc deficiency across the life course: A call to action

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.affiliation[].value
International Food Policy Research Institute

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.contributor.donor[].value
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom

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IFPRI - Innovation Policy and Scaling Unit

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Preventing and controlling zinc deficiency across the life course: A call to action

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.abstract[].value
Through diverse roles, zinc determines a greater number of critical life functions than any other single micronutrient. Beyond the well-recognized importance of zinc for child growth and resistance to infections, zinc has numerous specific roles covering the regulation of glucose metabolism, and growing evidence links zinc deficiency with increased risk of diabetes and cardiometabolic disorders. Zinc nutriture is thus vitally important to health across the life course. Zinc deficiency is also one of the most common forms of micronutrient malnutrition globally. A clearer estimate of the burden of health disparity attributable to zinc deficiency in adulthood and later life emerges when accounting for its contribution to global elevated fasting blood glucose and related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Yet progress attenuating its prevalence has been limited due, in part, to the lack of sensitive and specific methods to assess human zinc status. This narrative review covers recent developments in our understanding of zinc's role in health; the impact of the changing climate and global context on zinc intake; novel functional biomarkers showing promise for monitoring population-level interventions; and solutions for improving population zinc intake. It aims to spur on implementation of evidence-based interventions for preventing and controlling zinc deficiency across the life course. Increasing zinc intake and combatting global zinc deficiency requires context-specific strategies and a combination of complementary, evidence-based interventions including supplementation, food fortification, and food and agricultural solutions such as biofortification, alongside efforts to improve zinc bioavailability. Enhancing dietary zinc content and bioavailability through zinc biofortification is an inclusive nutrition solution that can benefit the most vulnerable individuals and populations affected by inadequate diets to the greatest extent.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.bibliographicCitation[].value
Lowe, Nicola M.; Hall, Andrew G.; Broadley, Martin R.; Foley, Jennifer; Boy, Erick; and Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. 2024. Preventing and controlling zinc deficiency across the life course: A call to action. Advances in Nutrition 15(3): 100181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100181

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Sustainable animal production in Uganda: leveraging private and public sector collaboration

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.cg.subject.impactArea[].value
Gender equality, youth and social inclusion

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Sustainable animal production in Uganda: leveraging private and public sector collaboration

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.abstract[].value
Over the last 10 years, ILRI has worked with the private sector, policymakers, including the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) and district local governments to promote and build capacity within the pig sector in Uganda. 

Mukono Animal Farm investments (MAFI) is a private sector led initiative, with interests in the pig sector in Uganda. The MAFI founders are beneficiaries of ILRI’s capacity building in areas like abattoir design, food safety and waste management and have used the acquired knowledge to set up a state of-the-art abattoir in Mukono District. The facility opened in 2023 and will serve as a collection and slaughter point for pigs grown or purchased from farmers directly by MAFI.

Under the CGIAR Initiative on Sustainable Animal Productivity (SAPLING), ILRI will continue supporting capacity building and engagement with the Mukono District local government to facilitate enactment of a by-law on gazetted slaughter and creation of linkages between MAFI and smallholder pig farmers, who can become pig suppliers to the abattoir. The facility has also been earmarked to benefit from the business incubation program under SAPLING, to equip the owners with entrepreneurial skills to effectively run the facility.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dcterms.bibliographicCitation[].value
ILRI. 2024. Sustainable animal production in Uganda: leveraging private and public sector collaboration. Kampala, Uganda: ILRI

# _embedded.facets[].minValue
(ICARDA), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas

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International Food Policy Research Institute

# _embedded.facets[]._embedded.values[].label
International Food Policy Research Institute

# _embedded.facets[]._embedded.values[].label
International Center for Tropical Agriculture

# _embedded.facets[]._embedded.values[].label
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

# _embedded.facets[].maxValue
West and Central African Food Systems Transformation

# _embedded.facets[]._embedded.values[].label
Diversification in East and Southern Africa

# _embedded.facets[]._embedded.values[].label
Gender equality, youth and social inclusion

# _embedded.facets[]._embedded.values[].label
International Food Policy Research Institute

# _embedded.facets[]._embedded.values[].label
United States Agency for International Development