IWMI Presentations(PPTs)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/128714

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SE4RL: piloting alternative models of solarization
(Presentation, 2024-08-08) Kuriachen, Philip
Solar energy for rural livelihoods has pilot tested solar irrigation enterprises as an alternative pathway for agriculture solarization. The project has field tested three models in Bihar, Eastern UP and Jharkhand which were tailored to local socio-ecological and agrarian conditions. Solar irrigation as a micro-enterprise was tested in Bihar with the objective of catalysing buyer friendly water markets. Solar irrigation enterprises have generated approximately cumulative revenue of 0.5 million rupees while reducing irrigation expenditure of water buyers by 80,000 rupees. In Jharkhand, to address the unique challenges of inadequate access to affordable power limiting irrigation and subsequently agriculture expansion, we pilot tested the feasibility of Farmer producer companies as irrigation service providers. The FPC model has shown better performance on key parameters like irrigation coverage and capacity utilization vis-à-vis PM-KUSUM and community lift irrigation schemes under JOHAR. In UP, working with Oorja SE4RL field tested the sensitivity of irrigation service fee on capacity utilization and revenues from irrigation sales. The field experiment reduced irrigation fee from Rs 4 to Rs 2 per cubic metre leading to a 7% increase in revenue and doubling of irrigation sales for Oorja. The pilots indicate that solar irrigation enterprises are a viable alternative to conventional strategy of promoting individual SIPs with large capital subsidies.
The business or financial models for solar irrigation pumps: unveiling Interconnections, advantages, and trade-offs
(Presentation, 2024-08-08) Mutum, Lamnganbi; Kuriachen, Philip; Taneja, Garima; M. P. M. Deepa; Sikka, Alok; Ringler, C.
In pursuit of underscoring the need for a nexus-driven approach in upcoming ventures to effectively manage limited resources, a comprehensive study was undertaken in the Indo-Gangetic plains to assess business and financial models. This exploration delved into four distinct models through intensive Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), totaling 3-4 sessions per model. Notably, the models were interconnected utilizing fuzzy cognitive mapping to visually depict their intricate interdependencies. In conclusion, the SIP model through the PM-KUSUM Scheme proves to be most suitable for large-scale farmers in regions lacking groundwater markets. Conversely, the Guarantee Fund Model provides customized solutions tailored for medium and small-scale farmers. In Bihar, Models SBIG and SBII are notably beneficial for marginal farmers managing small, fragmented land holdings. Moreover, ensuring gender inclusivity in these models underscores the importance of advocating capacity-building strategies, thereby enhancing their efficacy and ensuring equitable benefits for all beneficiaries.
Lessons from implementation models in Bangladesh
(Presentation, 2024-08-08) Mitra, Archisman
Diesel dependency creates energy insecurity and puts a financial burden on the country. To improve energy security, protect farmers from fuel price shocks and also reduce emissions from diesel usage, Bangladesh Government is promoting the implementation and use of solar irrigation pumps (SIPs). The study encountered three solar irrigation models as: (a) Free-for- Service (b) Individual Ownership model and (c) Community managed models in the country. Among these, the Free-for-Service model exhibited multiple benefits as this is funded by Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) a private company and is widely used among farmers of Bangladesh and it accounts for the ease of investment and financial viability of the system installed. Ultimately no single model fits all locations and they have to be context-specific and determined by the objectives.
Hydro-economic models for decision making on water optimization in Indus Basin: Examples from “Releasing water from high delta crops for other beneficial uses: Potential and Challenges seen in a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model” with extended analyses
(Presentation, 2024-04-18) Davies, Stephen; Akram, Iqra; Ali, Muhammad Tahir; Hafeez, Mohsin; Ringler, Claudia
A (virtual) presentation for the CGIAR Nexus Gains Initiative Work Package . IWMI Headquarters, Lahore, Pakistan on April 18, 2024.
Impacts of climate extremes and land use land cover dynamics on water resources in West Africa
(Presentation, 2024-12-16) Obahoundje, Salomon
Water deficit for cocoa farming in West Africa
(Presentation, 2024-05-18) Obahoundje, Salomon; Akpoti, Komlavi; Tilahun, Seifu A.; Cofie, Olufunke O.
Climate-related risks to cocoa production and potential for irrigation in West Africa
(Presentation, 2024-10-12) Obahoundje, Salomon; Tilahun, Seifu A.; Dembele, Moctar
Vegetables in rural Sri Lanka: Availability and consumer preferences elicited from gendered group discussions
(Presentation, 2024-11-21) Krishna, Vijesh; Sarawathy, Akhil R.; Aheeyar, Mohamed; Wijetunga, Chatura Sewwandi; Mahindarathne, Prasad; Geetha, Rosalin; Ramasamy, Srinivasan
Conceptual understanding of Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus
(Presentation, 2024-08-08) Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe
Nexus Gains Initiative: trade-offs and synergies
(Presentation, 2024-08-05) McCartney, Matthew
This advanced course presentation is designed to help professionals and researchers explore trade-offs and synergies in the water–energy–food–ecosystems (WEFE) nexus. Learners are introduced to integrated tools and approaches to analyze WEFE interdependencies, identify efficient strategies for resource management, and address challenges in optimizing sector interactions under climate crises and resource scarcity
Exclusion in community water governance in Bangladesh: An overlooked social issue
(Presentation, 2023-10-11) Sharma, Indu K.; Garrett, James; Joshi, Deepa
Bangladesh’s water management shifted toward a decentralized system in the 1990s, with more power to community, including the water management groups (WMGs). Empirical evidence, however, suggests unequal access to water among women and marginalized populations. To zoom into this, we reviewed studies published after 2000 to synthesize evidence on access to water among women and marginalized people, their recognition and representation in institutions, and barriers to those, in Bangladesh. The data extracted from 42 studies were coded in ATLAS Ti and analyzed thematically using social equity and feminist political ecology theories. The findings suggest a disconnect in the policy-practice landscape. Women, landless, and fishers were rarely included in the executive committees of WMGs despite their recognition in water management guidelines. Power dynamics significantly determined their representation and/or access to water. Technocratic policies, a lack of clear implementation strategy, a centralized water management system with a lack of local government involvement, fragmentation and lack of coordination across institutions, persistent socioeconomic barriers, and the capture of elite based on economic, political, and resource ownerships are key barriers resulting in exclusion in water management. Our review highlights recommendations to strengthen institutions and engage and empower communities. A clear policy implementation strategy incorporating power dynamics, enhancing the role of local institutions, a strong monitoring and evaluation system, community engagement and empowerment and setting boundary rules, a transformative approach to addressing broader social barriers to inequality are key recommendations to inclusive water governance.
Why is GESI policy not implemented? The case of the energy sector in Nepal
(Presentation, 2023-10-12) Buchy, Marlène; Shakya, Shristi
Social norms are often put forward to explain resistance to gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) and women continue to be largely absent from decisionmaking positions in the energy sector worldwide. However, there is limited research on institutional mechanisms of policymaking and implementation at different scales within a federal system. Using Nepal as a case study, this paper explores why, despite commitments, progress toward GESI objectives in the energy sector has been slow. Based on a review of energy policies, and interviews at federal, provincial, and local government spheres, this paper focuses on the institutional and policy processes at play within the energy sector and between the three spheres of the federal system. It examines the extent to which these processes undermine inclusion. Understanding the broader institutional processes helps to identify different bottlenecks compromising progress in GESI: those which are linked to deficient policy regimes which cannot be addressed solely through additional GESI-focused interventions, and those which can be characterized as resistant to GESI-related issues. The aim of this research is also to understand why Nepal’s public energy institutions, despite a constitutional commitment to gender equality and nondiscrimination seem so reluctant to mainstream GESI within its policies and practice. The paper concludes that GESI implementation in the energy sector suffers from limited human resources, a narrow conceptual framing, and delays in policy development and implementation within different spheres of the federal system. Moreover, shortcomings related to GESI policymaking and implementation should be considered within the broader context of federalism.
Using technology to scale climate-smart agriculture, conservation agriculture, sustainable intensification, and nutrition interventions: Why use a GESI approach?
(Presentation, 2023-10-10) Nortje, Karen
East and Southern Africa is a climate hotspot, with more than US$45 billion in agricultural production at risk from higher temperatures, shorter growing seasons, and more extreme droughts and floods. Women play a strategic role in agricultural development and food security, often in labor-intensive activities. Efforts to quickly address the current water and climate challenges through innovative ways have been underscored. One of such innovations emphasized has been production technologies, recognized as potentially effective in improving agricultural incomes for farmers. While these are positive steps, there is an increasing call for technological innovations to consider the position and dynamics of marginalized farmers by ensuring that farm equipment can be operated by both men and women, while requiring less labor and time. Hence, gender-responsive agricultural technologies should close the existing gender gaps that allow marginalized groups to fight against food insecurity. Some technologies have received increased societal resistance to adoption, especially toward innovations that are introduced as ground-breaking due to sociocultural and economic values. We assess why and how a gender-equality and social-inclusion (GESI) lens is essential as a transformative approach to achieving food and climate resilience. Using the Ukama Ustawi Initiative in East and Southern Africa, we demonstrate: i) the different types of CA/CSA/ SI interventions practiced by men and women and ii) the gender implications for farmers’ uptake and why a GESI framework is relevant. This presentation focuses on the GESI framework developed for the initiative and unpacks core innovations and how a GESI approach can influence a gender-responsive outcome.
Unmasking the coloniality of science: towards resilient and inclusive agri-food systems
(Presentation, 2023-10-10) Adam, Rahma; Arunlingam, Indika; Karki, Darshan; Menon, Purnima; Nchanji, Eileen Bogweh; Nortje, Karen; Osei-Amponsah, Chariy
In this panel we reflect on the coloniality of science as a way of building more resilient, sustainable and inclusive agri-food systems. We start this interrogation from our own professional standpoint. The One CGIAR we know today aims to address food security, whilst also ensuring sustainable, natural resources management and inclusivity. Yet the foundations of the CGIAR began in the 1950s as a techno-scientific project leading to the Green Revolution. The climate crisis, environmental degradation, farmer suicides, growing food insecurity and dependency and the pervasive under- and malnutrition in many countries are argued as the outcome of agricultural developmental models imagined in the north and imposed globally through various political and economic measures. What we call “science” denies the plurality of knowledges and local contexts that may help us to manage food systems more sustainably. Similarly, what we label “technical” knowledge is often dismissive of historical indigenous knowledge about flora and fauna, which has been systematically erased as part of development projects. This panel brings together CGIAR and external researchers to discuss how food systems science is colonized and deeply subjective, and present (proposed) case studies of approaches to decolonize science: decolonizing traditional dietary approaches: Purnima Menon (Asia); hybrid water laws: Barbara Van Koppen and Inga Jacobs-Mata (Africa); and food security and sovereignty: Jahi Chappell. Our aim is to enable reflection on alternative ways of knowing and doing science.
A Comparative Analysis of Barriers and Enablers to Men and Women’s Use and (Non) Adoption of Mechanization Technology from East and Southern Africa
(Presentation, 2023-10-11) Enokenwa Baa, Ojong; Davis, Kristin E.; Ngoma, Hambulo; Simutowe, Esau
Countries in East and Southern Africa face multiple challenges, including climate change impact, in addition to other crises such as land degradation, poor yields, food and nutrition insecurity, resource scarcity, ecosystem and biodiversity loss, and rapid population growth (Diaz et al. 2019). While these interact, the extent to which climate change will impact food systems and adaptations to future risks remains unanswered (Alexandridis et al. 2023). Women and youth’s agricultural contributions to food and nutrition are significant, as they engage in subsistence farming and small- and medium-sized enterprises as agricultural agri-entrepreneurs. However, their agricultural activities are often hindered due to unequal ownership of quality farmland and the need for more capital, technology, information, and other resources to invest in agriculture. Technological advancement continues to show the potential to improve crop yields and productivity. Nevertheless, there is a need to explore why certain underlying behavioral and socioeconomic factors continue to shape and influence innovations’ (non) adoption. The aim of this presentation is to: (i) discuss the specific mechanization technologies used by men and women across the East and Southern Africa One CGIAR Regional Integrated Initiative—Ukama Ustawi, and (ii) unpack the barriers and opportunities for the uptake of technologies by men, women, and youths for maize-mixed farming. The study followed a qualitative data-collection method with focused group discussions and key informant interviews in Kenya, Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. While the findings varied across the gender categories, they all indicated that a gender-responsive approach is needed to support technologies and innovations.
Antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments: priorities and knowledge for water quality modelling
(Presentation, 2023-01-19) Jampani, Mahesh; Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Langan, Simon J.
Gender inclusion in the designing and implementation of multistakeholder platforms in Zambia
(Presentation, 2023-10-12) Mapedza, Everisto D.
Meaningfully engaging women in accessing and controlling benefits from agriculture and the broader development agenda has largely remained a source of disillusionment within the development arena. More recently, there has been an increase in the use of Multistakeholder Platforms (MSP) by several actors within CGIAR and beyond. Multistakeholder dialogues aim to ensure that there is a discussion on challenges facing communities within the different landscapes and how solutions are crafted to address the challenges through practical development interventions. This paper, firstly, engages with literature on MSPs and how gender equality and social inclusion can be made intentional by including women and youths in the processes. Secondly, through the practical implementation of the Aquatic Foods Initiative in Zambia, the actual assessments and practical implementation are being monitored and critiqued through the process documentation of MSP implementation to ensure that women and youths are included. The documentation goes beyond inclusion to document the outcomes of women and youth inclusion. Thirdly, this paper situates MSPs within the CGIAR’s MSPs’ broader community of practice to draw further common threads across different contexts, different resources and across different scales. The early findings demonstrate that it is possible to engage women and youths in the designing, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the MSPs. Such engagement needs to be intentional and must invest time and resources in ensuring that participation goes beyond attendance to informing and influencing the priorities and even going further to ensure those priorities are implemented and reflected upon.
Indigenous knowledge system for managing the flooding water commons in Zambia
(Presentation, 2023-06-24) Mapedza, Everisto D.

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