ILRI animal bioscience program outputs
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/635
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Item Impact of Haemonchus contortus infection on feed intake, digestion, liveweight gain, and enteric methane emission from Red Maasai and Dorper sheep(Journal Article, 2023) Mwangi, Paul; Eckard, Richard; Gluecks, Ilona V.; Merbold, Lutz; Mulat, Daniel; Gakige, Jesse K.; Pinares-Patino, Cesar S.; Marquardt, SvenjaA study was conducted with Red Maasai and Dorper lambs to evaluate the effects of infection with the gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) Haemonchus contortus on feed intake, liveweight gain (LWG), feed energy and nitrogen partitioning, and enteric methane (CH4) emissions. Six- to seven-month-old Red Maasai (n=12) and Dorper (n=12) lambs were randomly allocated to three treatments (n=8, four lambs per breed) in a 2×3 factorial cross-over study over two periods (P1 and P2) of 36 days each. The treatments consisted of three combinations of GIN infection and feeding level: Infected + ad libitum feeding (I-adlib), uninfected + ad libitum feeding (Un-adlib), and uninfected + restricted feeding (Un-restd), across the two breeds. Lambs in the I-adlib group were trickle-infected daily with 1,000 L3 stage larvae of H. contortus for four consecutive days (Days 1–4), whereas lambs in the other experimental treatments were kept GIN free. The feed intake was measured daily. Liveweight (LW), faecal egg counts (FEC), and packed cell volume (PCV) were measured on Day 1 and weekly thereafter. On Days 29–33 total faecal and urine outputs were determined in metabolic crates. The lambs were then housed in respiration chambers for three consecutive days (Days 34–36). There was a washout period of 21 days before P2 started. Uninfected lambs (Un-adlib and Un-restd) had undetectable FEC throughout the study. On Day 36, FEC did not differ between the breeds (P>0.05). Infected lambs (I-adlib) had lower PCV than uninfected (Un-adlib and Un-restd) lambs on day 36. Neither breed nor infection influenced feed and nutrient intake, but as expected, restricted-fed lambs had a lower intake (P<0.05). The LWG of Un-adlib lambs was significantly higher than that of I-adlib and Un-restd lambs (P<0.05), whereas there was no breed difference (P>0.05). Neither breed nor infection affected feed digestibility, nitrogen retention or energy metabolisability (P>0.05). However, feed restriction decreased feed intake, LWG and N retention, whereas feed digestibility and energy metabolisability were unaffected. Neither daily CH4 emissions nor yield (per unit of feed intake) were affected by experimental infection, but Un-restd lambs had lower CH4 emissions per day. Red Maasai lambs had consistently lower daily CH4 emissions and yields than Dorper (P<0.01). This study confirmed the relative resistance of indigenous sheep (Red Maasai) to H. contortus infection, but the increased CH4 emission and yield due to GIN observed in other studies was not confirmed. Further investigations are needed to test whether in environments with multiple stress factors, local or indigenous breeds or their crossbreeds with exotic breeds may be better equipped to sustain production and simultaneously have a reduced carbon footprint than purebred exotic breeds.Item The chicken of the future: Options from breeding and research(Presentation, 2016-11-25) Hanotte, Olivier H.Item Cadre de politique pour le développement de la filière laitière au Sénégal(Report, 2016-10-30) Seck, M.; Marshall, Karen; Fadiga, M.L.Item Analyse de la chaîne de valeur du matériel génétique bovin laitier au Sénégal(Report, 2016-10-30) Diouf, M.; Marshall, Karen; Fadiga, M.L.Item Chicken phenoypic and genetic diversity: Where does it come from(Presentation, 2016-11-28) Hanotte, Olivier H.Item Genomic selection with weighted GBLUP and APY single step(Presentation, 2016-11-28) Mrode, Raphael A.Item Analysis of the dairy germplasm value chain in Senegal(Report, 2016-10-30) Diouf, M.; Marshall, Karen; Fadiga, M.L.Item Food safety from a global perspective to a country perspective addressing challenges along smallholder pig systems in Vietnam(Presentation, 2016-02-19) Unger, Fred; Hung Nguyen-Viet; Sinh Dang Xuan; Phuc Pham Duc; Pham Van Hung; Lapar, Ma. Lucila; Marshall, Karen; Duong Van Nhiem; Grace, DeliaItem Food safety along informal pork market chains in Vietnam: Experience from an integrated research team(Presentation, 2016-01-14) Unger, Fred; Hung Nguyen-Viet; Lapar, Ma. Lucila; Marshall, Karen; Grace, DeliaItem Integrated landscape management: Africa RISING R4D experiences in the Ethiopian highlands(Presentation, 2016-12-08) Tamene, Lulseged D.; Yaekob, Tesfaye; Ellison, J.; Mekonnen, Kindu; Woldearegay, K.; Adimassu, Zenebe; Alene, Temesgen; Dubale, Workneh; Ibrahim, M.; Gurmessa, Biyensa Dubiwak; Tesfahun, G.K.; Thorne, Peter J.Item Decision support tools for farm-level fertilizer recommendation in Ethiopia(Presentation, 2016-12-08) Amede, Tilahun; Asrat, T.; Legesse, G.; Mekonnen, Kindu; Asfaw, A.; Ibrahim, M.; Alene, Temesgen; Dubale, Workneh; Thorne, Peter J.; Tamene, Lulseged D.Item Mapping molecular diversity of indigenous goat genetic resources of Asia(Journal Article, 2017-03) Periasamy, K.; Vahidi, S.M.F.; Silva, P.; Faruque, M.O.; Naqvi, A.N.; Basar, M.; JianHua Cao; Zhao, Shuhong; Le Thi Thuy; Pichler, R.; Podesta, M.G.; Shamsuddin, M.; Boettcher, P.J.; García, J.F.; Han Jianlin; Marsan, P.A.; Diallo, A.; Viljoen, G.J.The world goat population is approximately 1.0 billion with more than half of them present in Asia. The Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture initiated a programme to characterize goat genetic resources of Asia. Nine Asian countries viz. Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Iran, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Myanmar and India were supported to conduct breed surveys, evaluate production environments and assess phenotypic and genetic characteristics of indigenous breeds/populations. This paper reports genetic diversity of 57 goat breeds of Asia located in nine countries and genetic relationship/population structure of 43 breeds located in seven countries. The level of genetic variability among goat breeds/populations across Asia was consistent with the history of domestication, variability being higher near the center of domestication and a decreasing gradient while moving away from this center. Positive directional selection was observed at one or a few microsatellite loci in goat populations of at least four Asian countries including Sri Lanka, India, Iran and Myanmar. Genetic differentiation among goat breeds/populations within different countries varied from 1.9% (Myanmar goats) to 12.6% (Indonesian goats) with a global FST of 12.7%. Genetic differentiation among local goats within countries was limited, an indication of high gene flow across breeds/populations. The microsatellite based phylogeny showed two major clades: the Chinese goats clustered distinctly while the goat breeds from other countries clustered separately in a single clade. Weak genetic structure was observed in Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan and Myanmar goats, moderately strong genetic structure was observed in Pakistani goats while strong genetic structure was observed in Indonesian, Iranian, Vietnamese and Chinese goats. Model based cluster analysis of metadata broadly grouped Asian goats into two major geographical clusters (Chinese and West Asian) which can be partitioned further into four groups: Chinese, West Asian, South East Asian and South Asian. The results from this study clearly established the genetic distinctness of Chinese goats from other major Asian goat breeds.Item Evaluation of genetic diversity and structure of Vietnamese goat populations using multi locus microsatellite markers(Journal Article, 2017-03) Le Thi Thuy; Dinh Van Binh; Nguyen Trong Binh; Luu Quang Minh; Tran Thi Thu Thuy; Nguyen Dang Ton; Nguyen Van Ba; Han Jianlin; Periasamy, K.Goats are an important component of the Vietnamese livestock industry but little is known about their genetic diversity, differentiation and population structure. We evaluated genetic diversity of seven indigenous goat populations located in different provinces (CoVBV (Co goats from Ba Vi), (CoVSL) Co goats from Son La, CoVTH (Co goats from Thanh Hoa), CoVNT (Co goats from Ninh Thuan), CoVHg (Co goats from Ha Giang), BTVBV (Bach Thoa goat from Ba Vi) and BTVNT (Bach Thoa goats from Ninh Thuan)) and used microsatellite markers to assess the gene flow and population structure among them. The basic diversity measures viz. allelic diversity and heterozygosity were low in Vietnam goats as compared to West Asian and European goats. The overall mean FIS was significantly positive in Co goats (0.203) whereas it was only 0.003 in Bach Thao goats. Considerable genetic differentiation existed among goat populations from different provinces with the mean global FST, FIT and FIS estimated to be 0.083, 0.178 and 0.104 respectively. The phylogenetic tree constructed on pair-wise allele sharing distances revealed clustering of the two Bach Thao goat populations together. Among the Co goat populations, Son La (CoVSL) and Ha Giang (CovHG) clustered together distinctly while Thanh Hoa (CoVTH), Ba Vi (CoVBV) and Ninh Thuan (CoVNT) populations clustered intermediately. The results of multi-dimensional scaling plot of pairwise FST showed a similar picture except that Co-Ninh Thuan (CoVNT) was differentiated from other Co goat populations. When genotype assignment was performed at breed level, the percent correct assignment of Bach Thao goats (93.7%–96.2%) was consistently higher than Co goats (86.8%–88.1%) across the three evaluated methods. When genotype assignment at sub-population level was done, both Co (CoVNT) and Bach Thao (BTHNT) goat populations in Ninh Thuan province were assigned correctly while the percent correct assignment differed among goat populations from other provinces. AMOVA and Bayesian clustering analysis revealed the existence of significant sub-population structure and varying levels of admixture within Co goats among different provinces. The present study is the first report on genetic diversity and structure of indigenous goat populations raised in different provinces of Vietnam.Item Microsatellite based genetic diversity and mitochondrial DNA D-Loop variation in economically important goat breeds of Pakistan(Journal Article, 2017-03) Naqv, A.N.; Bukhari, J.F.; Vahidi, S.M.F.; Yuri T. Utsunomiya; García, J.F.; Babar, M.E.; Han Jianlin; Pichler, R.; Periasamy, K.The present study was undertaken to analyze the genetic diversity of five economically important goat breeds of Pakistan, Beetal, Kaghani, Teddy, Nachi and Pahari. Fifteen microsatellite loci recommended by ISAG/FAO guidelines were investigated for measures of genetic variability, differentiation and population structure. The genetic variability in terms of allelic diversity and heterozygosity were moderate. The estimated inbreeding coefficient was low in all the investigated goat breeds and not significant. Overall, the populations were less diverse than Eurasian goat breeds, but did not exhibit signs of loss of diversity. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed breed differences accounted for 5.42% of total genetic variation indicating low to moderate genetic differentiation among the investigated goat breeds. The genetic structure analysis revealed Teddy, Pahari, and Nachi as distinct breeds, while Beetal and Kaghani form a single genetic group distinct from the other three goats. The mitochondrial DNA control region sequences showed a total of 60 distinct haplotypes belonging to two major maternal lineages A and B1 with a frequency of 76.9% and 23.1% respectively. Comparison of mtDNA sequences from Pakistani, Indian and Iranian goats indicated distinct evolutionary history for Teddy, Beetal, Nachi and Pahari goats different from that of Indian and Iranian goats.Item Genetic diversity analysis of major Sri Lankan goat populations using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA D-loop variations(Journal Article, 2017-03) Silva, P.; Dematawewa, C.M.B.; Kurukulasuriya, M.; Yuri T. Utsunomiya; García, J.F.; Pichler, R.; Thiruvenkadan, A.K.; Ramasamy, S.; Han Jianlin; Periasamy, K.The present study aimed at the genetic characterization of five major goat populations of Sri Lanka including four indigenous populations (Jaffna Local – JFL, Kottukachchiya – KOT, Southern – SLS and North Central – SNC) and one stabilized crossbred (German Boer x indigenous goats, also known as “Sri Lankan Boer” – SLB). Genetic diversity was evaluated using 15 microsatellite markers and the mitochondrial DNA D-loop variation. Allelic diversity and observed and expected heterozygosities were moderate, but less than Eurasian and Indian goat breeds. The overall mean estimated inbreeding coefficient (FIS) was 0.069 and significant heterozygote deficiency was detected in JFL (P < 0.001), KOT (P < 0.01) and SLS (P < 0.05), indicating population-specific drift or selection of the loci assessed. Genetic differentiation among populations was low and the phylogenetic clustering pattern was in line with the geographical location of goat populations. Although pair-wise Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards chord distance clustered SLS and SLB separately from the rest of the populations, Bayesian clustering clearly showed lack of discrete genetic structure in Sri Lankan goat populations despite significant morphological and phenotypic differences among them. Mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences revealed significantly high haplotype diversity with the existence of maternal haplogroups ‘A’ and ‘B’. Analysis of mtDNA sequences indicated maternal origins of Jaffna Local, Kotukachchiya and Sri Lankan South distinct from the other goat populations.Item Delivering animal breeding programs in developing countries: Some lessons from the Livestock and Fish program(Brief, 2016-12) Haile, Aynalem; Komen, Hans; Okeyo Mwai, Ally; Benzie, John A.H.Item Using a value chain approach to focus animal genetic interventions(Brief, 2016-12) Ojango, Julie M.K.; Tegegne, Azage; Okeyo Mwai, Ally; Rege, J.E.O.; Ouma, R.; Benzie, John A.H.Item Integrated delivery systems of improved livestock and fish genetics(Brief, 2016-12) Bruno, J.; Rekik, Mourad; Mekkawy, Wagdy; Ouma, R.; Okeyo Mwai, AllyItem Genetics and gender: Breeding decisions in Somaliland(Book Chapter, 2016-12-31) Marshall, KarenItem Novel tools to inform animal breeding programs(Brief, 2016-12) Mrode, Raphael A.; Han Jianlin; Mwacharo, Joram M.; Koning, Dirk Jan de