Bioversity Journal Articles

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/35501

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Cross-cutting principles for planetary health education
(Journal Article, 2018-04-27) Stone, Sara B.; Myers, Samuel S.; Golden, Christopher D.; Hunter, D.
Since the 2015 launch of the Rockefeller Foundation Lancet Commission on planetary health,1 an enormous groundswell of interest in planetary health education has emerged across many disciplines, institutions, and geographical regions. Advancing these global efforts in planetary health education will equip the next generation of scholars to address crucial questions in this emerging field and support the development of a community of practice. To provide a foundation for the growing interest and efforts in this field, the Planetary Health Alliance has facilitated the first attempt to create a set of principles for planetary health education that intersect education at all levels, across all scales, and in all regions of the world—ie, a set of cross-cutting principles. These 12 cross-cutting principles (panel) are envisioned to be a set of core messages that every educator teaching planetary health at any level should strive to impart upon their students. These principles of planetary health education will act as overarching and wide ranging guiding themes for any educational setting, rather than as specific and measurable objectives that are audience dependent. These principles are intended to act as a base for curricular development and as a tool to guide education efforts in this emerging field; however, they should not be considered to be all-encompassing principles or equally important across all educational settings. Incorporating these principles into planetary health education efforts around the world should allow for a shared basis of understanding across disciplines, geographical regions, and cultures teaching planetary health. The cross-cutting principles were established through a series of five interactive sessions with the 137 members of the Planetary Health Education Brainstorm Group who are from all over the world and involved in education efforts at the intersection of health and environmental change (appendix).
Origin and domestication of cole crops (Brassica oleracea L.): Linguistic and literary considerations
(Journal Article, 2010-06) Maggioni, Lorenzo; Bothmer, Roland von; Poulsen, Gert; Branca, Ferdinando
Contrasting hypotheses have been made to locate the area of domestication of Brassica oleracea crops (i.e., cole crops), suggesting either a North Atlantic or a Mediterranean origin. In the absence of archaeological proof, linguistic and literary considerations can offer some insight into this issue. This paper gathers information from the linguistic, literary, and historical points of view that are compatible with the domestication of B. oleracea in the ancient Greek-speaking area of Central and East Mediterranean.
Identification of divergent isolates of Banana Mild Mosaic Virus and development of a new diagnostic primer to improve detection
(Journal Article, 2020-12) Hanafi, Marwa; Tahzima, Rachid; Ben Kaab, Sofiene; Tamisier, Lucie; Roux, Nicolas Stephan M.; Massart, Sébastien
This study aims to describe the identification and genome sequencing of two isolates of Banana Mild Mosaic Virus, and, based on the virus sequences available in GenBank, to design and test a new diagnostic primer for a routine indexing use.
The East African Highland cooking bananas ‘Matooke’ preferences of farmers and traders: Implications for variety development
(Journal Article, 2021-03) Akankwasa, Kenneth; Marimo, Pricilla; Tumuhimbise, Robooni; Asasira, Moreen; Khakasa, Elizabeth; Mpirirwe, Innocent; Kleih, Uli K.; Forsythe, Lora; Fliedel, Geneviève; Dufour, Dominique; Nowakunda, Kephas
‘Matooke’ is a staple food made from Highland cooking bananas in the Great Lakes region of East Africa. Genetic improvement of these bananas for resistance to pests and diseases has been a priority breeding objective. However, there is insufficient information on fruit quality characteristics that different users prefer, resulting in sub‐optimal adoption of new varieties. This study identified matooke characteristics preferred by farmers and traders, using survey data from 123 farmers, 14 focus group discussions and 40 traders. Gender differences were considered. The main characteristics that were found to drive variety preferences were agronomic (big bunch, big fruits) and quality (soft texture, good taste, good aroma, yellow food). There were minimal geographical and gender differences for trait preferences. Quality characteristics need to be defined in terms of physical–chemical underpinnings so that breeding programmes can apply accurate high‐throughput systems, thereby improving adoption and impact of new banana varieties.
Factors influencing genomic prediction accuracies of tropical maize resistance to fall armyworm and weevils
(Journal Article, 2020-12) Badji, Arfang; Machida, Lewis; Kwemoi, Daniel Bomet; Kumi, Frank; Okii, Dennis; Mwila, Natasha; Agbahoungba, Symphorien; Ibanda, Angele; Bararyenya, Astere; Nghituwamhata, Selma Ndapewa; Odong, Thomas L.; Wasswa, Peter; Otim, Michael; Ochwo-Ssemakula, Mildred; Talwana, Herbert; Asea, Godfrey; Kyamanywa, Samuel; Rubaihayo, Patrick
Genomic selection (GS) can accelerate variety improvement when training set (TS) size and its relationship with the breeding set (BS) are optimized for prediction accuracies (PAs) of genomic prediction (GP) models. Sixteen GP algorithms were run on phenotypic best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) and estimators (BLUEs) of resistance to both fall armyworm (FAW) and maize weevil (MW) in a tropical maize panel. For MW resistance, 37% of the panel was the TS, and the BS was the remainder, whilst for FAW, random-based training sets (RBTS) and pedigree-based training sets (PBTSs) were designed. PAs achieved with BLUPs varied from 0.66 to 0.82 for MW-resistance traits, and for FAW resistance, 0.694 to 0.714 for RBTS of 37%, and 0.843 to 0.844 for RBTS of 85%, and these were at least two-fold those from BLUEs. For PBTS, FAW resistance PAs were generally higher than those for RBTS, except for one dataset. GP models generally showed similar PAs across individual traits whilst the TS designation was determinant, since a positive correlation (R = 0.92***) between TS size and PAs was observed for RBTS, and for the PBTS, it was negative (R = 0.44**). This study pioneered the use of GS for maize resistance to insect pests in sub-Saharan Africa.
Genetic threats to the forest giants of the Amazon: Habitat degradation effects on the socio-economically important Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa)
(Journal Article, 2021-03) Chiriboga-Arroyo, Fidel; Jansen, Merel; Bardales-Lozano, Ricardo; Ismail, Sascha A.; Thomas, Evert; García, Mishari; Corvera Gomringer, Ronald; Kettle, Christopher J.
Ecosystem degradation in the Amazon drives this biodiverse rainforest toward an ecological tipping point. Sustainable management and restoration of degraded rainforest therein are central to counteract this crisis. One hyperdominant, keystone species of high ecological and socio-economic value, the Brazil nut tree, offers additional benefits as a major carbon sink and a nutritional source of the most prominent globally traded non-timber forest product. • Despite Brazil nut trees being protected by conservation regulation, forest degradation threatens sufficient gene-flow among Brazil nut tree populations. This has impacts on the reproductive success, genetic diversity, and consequently on the resilience of this species to environmental change. • We used 13 microsatellite loci to explore the consequences of forest degradation on the reduction in genetic diversity of Brazil nut populations. We examined the clustering of genetically related individuals as fine-scale genetic structure (FSGS) and the variation in genetic diversity and inbreeding across adult trees and seedlings along a categorized forest-degradation gradient ranging from conserved to degraded areas. In addition, we applied direct and indirect approaches to estimate contemporary pollen-mediated gene flow. • We found significant levels of FSGS, comparable to other similar tropical tree species. Brazil nut seedlings had consistently lower genetic diversity and higher inbreeding than adults, significantly associated with the degree of forest degradation of their origin. We observed limited pollen dispersal, differential patterns in pollen heterogeneity, and disproportionate paternal-assignment rates from few individuals shaping the effective population size in our dataset. We discuss how this evidence for reproduction vulnerability may affect the genetic resources and undermine the resilience of this ecological and socio-economic system in Peru.
Potential economic and nutritional benefits of complex rice systems for small-scale farmers in West Sumatra, Indonesia
(Journal Article, 2021-01-02) Sparta, Andre; Khumairoh, Uma; Valbuena, Diego; Groot, Jeroen C.J.
Articulating the effect of food systems innovation on the Sustainable Development Goals
(Journal Article, 2021-01) Herrero, Mario; Thornton, Philip K.; Mason-D'Croz, Daniel; Palmer, Jeda; Bodirsky, Benjamin L.; Pradhan, Prajal; Barrett, Christopher B.; Benton, Tim G.; Hall, Andrew; Pikaar, Ilje; Bogard, Jessica R.; Bonnett, Graham D.; Bryan, Brett A.; Campbell, Bruce M.; Christensen, Svend; Clark, Michael; Fanzo, Jessica; Godde, Cécile M.; Jarvis, Andy; Loboguerrero Rodriguez, Ana María; Mathys, Alexander; McIntyre, C. Lynne; Naylor, Rosamond L; Nelson, Rebecca; Obersteiner, Michael; Parodi, Alejandro; Popp, Alexander; Ricketts, Katie; Smith, Pete; Valin, Hugo; Vermeulen, Sonja J.; Vervoort, Joost M.; Wijk, Mark T. van; Zanten, Hannah van; West, Paul C.; Wood, Stephen A.; Rockström, Johan
Food system innovations will be instrumental to achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, major innovation breakthroughs can trigger profound and disruptive changes, leading to simultaneous and interlinked reconfigurations of multiple parts of the global food system. The emergence of new technologies or social solutions, therefore, have very different impact profiles, with favourable consequences for some SDGs and unintended adverse side-effects for others. Stand-alone innovations seldom achieve positive outcomes over multiple sustainability dimensions. Instead, they should be embedded as part of systemic changes that facilitate the implementation of the SDGs. Emerging trade-offs need to be intentionally addressed to achieve true sustainability, particularly those involving social aspects like inequality in its many forms, social justice, and strong institutions, which remain challenging. Trade-offs with undesirable consequences are manageable through the development of well planned transition pathways, careful monitoring of key indicators, and through the implementation of transparent science targets at the local level.
Identification of novel resistant sources for ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei) in chickpea
(Journal Article, 2020-10) Gayacharan , Upasana Rani; Sarvjeet, Singh; Ashwani, K. Basandrai; Virender, K. Rathee; Kuldeep, Tripathi; Neeta, Singh; Girish, P. Dixit; Jai, C. Rana; Sushil, Pandey; Ashok, Kumar; Kuldeep, Singh
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the second largest pulse crop grown worldwide and ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr. is the most devastating disease of the crop in all chickpea growing areas across the continents. The pathogen A. rabiei is highly variable. The resistant sources available are not sufficient and new sources needs to be identified from time to time as resistance breakdown in existing chickpea varieties is very frequent due to fast evolution of new pathotypes of the pathogen. Therefore, this work was undertaken to evaluate the existing chickpea germplasm diversity conserved in Indian National Genebank against the disease under artificial epiphytotic conditions. An artificial standard inoculation procedure was followed for uniform spread of the pathogen. During the last five winter seasons from 2014–15 to 2018–19, a total of 1,970 accessions have been screened against the disease and promising accessions were identified and validated. Screening has resulted in identification of some promising chickpea accessions such as IC275447, IC117744, EC267301, IC248147 and EC220109 which have shown the disease resistance (disease severity score 3) in multiple seasons and locations. Promising accessions can serve as the potential donors in chickpea improvement programs. The frequency of resistant and moderately resistant type accessions was comparatively higher in accessions originated from Southwest Asian countries particularly Iran and Syria than the accessions originated from Indian sub-continent. Further large scale screening of chickpea germplasm originated from Southwest Asia may result in identifying new resistant sources for the disease.
An additional threat to ‘Cavendish’ banana growers and traders: The infection of banana peduncles by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4)
(Journal Article, 2020-01-01) Bai, Tingting; Qin, Meng; Li, Xundong; Fan, Huacai; Xu, Shengtao; Zeng, Li; Zheng, Si-Jun
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) is one of the most destructive banana pathogens worldwide. Until now, it has been generally accepted that Foc TR4 mainly colonizes the roots, rhizomes, pseudostems, and leaves of banana plants and spreads among plantations with infected planting material, soil residues, and water. Because banana Fusarium wilt is a typical vascular bundle disease, the pathogen is accepted to possess the ability to enter the peduncle. However, no scientific proof has been presented. Recently, more and more signs of peduncle Foc TR4 in ‘Cavendish’ plants in different banana production provinces of China suggest that further investigations ought to be made regarding fungal colonization. We observed discoloration inside some peduncles from the Foc TR4-infected plants. The fungus isolated from these symptoms was identified using Foc TR4-specific PCR, sequencing, and a host inoculation assay. In a greenhouse bioassay, the Foc TR4 isolates from the peduncle showed the capacity for reinfecting Brazilian plants (Cavendish, AAA) up into the leaves. Collectively, we isolated the Foc TR4 from the peduncle and directly testified that this pathogen can invade the peduncle via xylem vascular bundle.
Genetic basis of maize resistance to multiple insect pests: integrated genome-wide comparative mapping and candidate gene prioritization
(Journal Article, 2020-12) Badji, Arfang; Kwemoi, Daniel Bomet; Machida, Lewis; Okii, Dennis; Mwila, Natasha; Agbahoungba, Symphorien; Kumi, Frank; Ibanda, Angele; Bararyenya, Astere; Solemanegy, Marta; Odong, Thomas L.; Wasswa, Peter; Otim, Michael; Asea, Godfrey; Ochwo-Ssemakula, Mildred; Talwana, Herbert A.L.; Kyamanywa, Samuel; Rubaihayo, Patrick
Several species of herbivores feed on maize in field and storage setups, making the development of multiple insect resistance a critical breeding target. In this study, an association mapping panel of 341 tropical maize lines was evaluated in three field environments for resistance to fall armyworm (FAW), whilst bulked grains were subjected to a maize weevil (MW) bioassay and genotyped with Diversity Array Technology’s single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers. A multi-locus genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed 62 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) associated with FAW and MW resistance traits on all 10 maize chromosomes, of which, 47 and 31 were discovered at stringent Bonferroni genome-wide significance levels of 0.05 and 0.01, respectively, and located within or close to multiple insect resistance genomic regions (MIRGRs) concerning FAW, SB, and MW. Sixteen QTNs influenced multiple traits, of which, six were associated with resistance to both FAWandMW, suggesting a pleiotropic genetic control. Functional prioritization of candidate genes (CGs) located within 10–30 kb of the QTNs revealed 64 putative GWAS-based CGs (GbCGs) showing evidence of involvement in plant defense mechanisms. Only one GbCG was associated with each of the five of the six combined resistance QTNs, thus reinforcing the pleiotropy hypothesis. In addition, through in silico co-functional network inferences, an additional 107 network-based CGs (NbCGs), biologically connected to the 64 GbCGs, and di erentially expressed under biotic or abiotic stress, were revealed within MIRGRs. The provided multiple insect resistance physical map should contribute to the development of combined insect resistance in maize.
Priorities, challenges and opportunities for supplying tree genetic resources
(Journal Article, 2020-12) Kettle, Christopher J.; Atkinson, Rachel; Boshier, David; Ducci, Fulvio; Dawson, Ian K.; Ekué, Marius; Elias, Marlène; Graudal, Lars; Jalonen, Riina; Koskela, Jaarko; Monteverdi, Maria Cristina; Thomas, Evert; Vinceti, Barbara
Special issue on Landscape restoration
Global trends in nature’s contributions to people
(Journal Article, 2020-12-22) Brauman, Kate A.; Garibaldi, Lucas A.; Polasky, Stephen; Aumeeruddy-Thomas, Yildiz; Brancalion, Pedro H.S.; DeClerck, Fabrice A.J.; Jacob, Ute; Mastrángelo, Matias Enrique; Nkongolo, Nsalambi V.; Palang, Hannes; Pérez Méndez, Néstor; Shannon, Lynne J.; Shrestha, Uttam Babu; Strombom, Evelyn; Verma, Madhu
Understanding and tracking nature’s contributions to people provides critical feedback that can improve our ability to manage earth systems effectively, equitably, and sustainably. Declines in biodiversity and ecosystem functions over the past 50 y have decreased the ability of nature to contribute to quality of life. Changes in technology and adaptation in social systems has partially offset the negative impacts of environmental change on quality of life, but downward trends have still occurred for many categories of nature’s contributions.
Food for thought: The underutilized potential of tropical tree‐sourced foods for 21st century sustainable food systems
(Journal Article, 2020-12) Jansen, Merel; Guariguata, Manuel R.; Raneri, Jessica Evelyn; Ickowitz, Amy; Chiriboga-Arroyo, Fidel; Quaedvlieg, Julia; Kettle, Christopher J.
The global food system is causing large‐scale environmental degradation and is a major contributor to climate change. Its low diversity and failure to produce enough fruits and vegetables is contributing to a global health crisis. The extraordinary diversity of tropical tree species is increasingly recognized to be vital to planetary health and especially important for supporting climate change mitigation. However, they are poorly integrated into food systems. Tropical tree diversity offers the potential for sustainable production of many foods, providing livelihood benefits and multiple ecosystem services including improved human nutrition. First, we present an overview of these environmental, nutritional and livelihood benefits and show that tree‐sourced foods provide important contributions to critical fruit and micronutrient (vitamin A and C) intake in rural populations based on data from sites in seven countries. Then, we discuss several risks and limitations that must be taken into account when scaling‐up tropical tree‐based food production, including the importance of production system diversity and risks associated with supply to the global markets. We conclude by discussing several interventions addressing technical, financial, political and consumer behaviour barriers, with potential to increase the consumption and production of tropical tree‐sourced foods, to catalyse a transition towards more sustainable global food systems.
Determining factors associated with breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices in rural Southern Benin
(Journal Article, 2021-01) Bodjrènou, Fifali Sam Ulrich; Amoussa Hounkpatin, Waliou; Termote, Céline; Dato, Geoffroy; Savy, Mathilde
This study aimed at characterizing breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices in a food-insecure area of Benin and identifying factors associated with these practices. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the districts of Bopa and Houéyogbé among n = 360 mother–child pairs. Children aged 0–17 months were considered. Socioeconomic characteristics among children and mothers, Breastfeeding on demand, Breastfeeding frequency during children illness, and Positioning and Attachment of children while breastfeeding were assessed using semi-structured interviews and observations. Qualitative 24-hr recalls were administered to mothers to compute WHO recommended complementary feeding practices indicators namely minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) among 6–17 months old children (n = 232).
Genetics to the rescue: managing forests sustainably in a changing world
(Journal Article, 2020-12) Fady, Bruno; Aravanopoulos, Filippos; Benavides, Raquel; González Martínez, Santiago; Grivet, Delphine; Lascoux, Martin; Lindner, Marcus; Rellstab, Christian; Valladares, Fernando; Vinceti, Barbara
Ex-ante assessment of returns on research investments to address the impact of Fusarium Wilt tropical race 4 on global banana production
(Journal Article, 2020-12) Staver, Charles; Pemsl, Diemuth E.; Scheerer, Lars; Vicente, Luis P.; Dita Rodriguez, Miguel Angel
The spread of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4), causal agent of Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), has been projected to reach 17% of the global banana-growing area by 2040 equaling 36 million tons of production worth over US$10 billion. This potential loss has fueled (inter)national discussions about the best responses to protect production and small-scale growers’ livelihoods. As part of a multi-crop ex ante assessment of returns on research investments conducted by the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers, and Bananas (RTB) from 2012 to 2016, four FWB research options were assessed: (i) improved exclusion, surveillance, eradication, and containment (ESEC) measures to reduce Foc TR4 spread, (ii) integrated crop and disease management (ICDM) to facilitate production of partially FWB resistant cultivars on Foc-infested soils, (iii) conventional breeding of FWB-resistant cultivars (CBRC), and (iv) genetically modified (GM) FWB-resistant cultivars (GMRC). Building on a risk index (Foc scale) predicting the initial occurrence and internal spread of Foc TR4 in 29 countries, an economic surplus (ES) model, cost-benefit analysis, and poverty impact simulations were used to assess impact under two adoption scenarios. All options yield positive net present values (NPVs) and internal rates of return (IRRs) above the standard 10% rate. For the conservative scenario with 50% reduced adoption, IRRs were still 30% for ICDM, 20% for CBRC, and 28% for GMRC. ESEC has IRRs between 11 and 14%, due to higher costs of capacity strengthening, on-going surveillance, farmer awareness campaigns, and implementation of farm biosecurity practices, which could be effective for other diseases and benefit multiple crops. The research investments would reach between 2.7 million (GMRC) and 14 million (ESEC) small-scale beneficiaries across Asia/Pacific, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America/Caribbean. The options varied in their potential to reduce poverty, with the largest poverty reduction resulting from CBRC with 850,000 and ESEC with 807,000 persons lifted out of poverty (higher adoption scenario). In the discussion, we address the data needs for more fine-grained calculations to better guide research investment decisions. Our results show the potential of public investments in concerted research addressing the spread of Foc TR4 to yield high returns and substantially slow down disease spread.
Support indigenous food system biocultural diversity
(Journal Article, 2020-12) Argumedo, Alejandro; Song, Yiching; Khoury, Colin K.; Hunter, Danny; Dempewolf, Hannes
The Comment by Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo and colleagues1 was timely in emphasising the challenges faced by Indigenous peoples due to the combined effects of climate change, COVID-19, and longstanding inequities. Although pressure on Indigenous livelihoods is nothing new, current effects are extreme, both in terms of deaths due to the virus and disruptions to lifeways, including Indigenous food systems. Both the importance and also the vulnerability of Indigenous food systems, and therefore the obligation to “ensure that current decisions and development trajectories do not further jeopardise the resilience of Indigenous food systems, which have integral roles in the response of Indigenous populations to current and future pandemics and climatic changes”,1 should be highlighted in all pertinent policy and development arenas, including the Convention on Biological Diversity's Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework and upcoming UN Food Systems Summit, among many others. Our experiences in the Andean, Himalayan, and other mountainous regions offer the insight that Indigenous food system biocultural diversity provides the foundations for resilience. This diversity encompasses not only the many crop and livestock species, and their varieties and breeds, but also the wild organisms supporting and interacting with Indigenous agriculture and food. Traditional knowledge systems around this diversity provide health and sustainability solutions that are unique to place, but whose benefits are urgently needed globally.2, 3 The ongoing loss of this biocultural diversity and associated knowledge is a global tragedy. We draw hope from two ongoing movements regarding Indigenous food system biocultural diversity. First, Indigenous communities have organised around nurturing this diversity by sharing experiences and visions on food, health, climate adaptation, conservation, and livelihood generation with others facing similar threats around the world, through networks such as the International Network of Mountain Indigenous Peoples. Second, Indigenous communities are finding ways to engage on their own terms with national and international organisations and institutions about shared interests, on the basis of respect for Indigenous food system diversity and knowledge systems.4 In the aftermath of COVID-19 and ongoing efforts to adapt to and mitigate climate change, we heartily agree with Zavaleta-Cortijo and colleagues that food systems are essential to health and resilience in Indigenous communities. Moreover, as these biocultural processes embody the longest ongoing human experiences with the provision of food under environmental stresses, shocks, and extremes, we suggest that the world has much to learn from Indigenous food systems. Now, more than ever, what is needed is respect for diversity and for the knowledge systems that have both nurtured it and survived because of it.
Can wild forest foods contribute to food security and dietary diversity of rural populations adjoining forest concessions? Insights from Gabon, DR Congo and Cameroon
(Journal Article, 2020-12) Fungo, Robert; Tieguhong, Julius Chupezi; Iponga, D.M.; Tchatat, M.; Kahindo, J.M.; Muyonga, John H.; Mikolo Yobo, C.; Donn, P.; Tchingsabe, O.; Kaaya, A.N.; Ngondi, J.L.; Tutu, S.; Emeleme, R.; Odjo, S.; Loo, Judy; Snook, Laura K.
The potential of forest foods to address malnutrition, food insecurity and poor dietary intake is increasingly being recognized. However, most existing data presents average results of proximate analysis, overlooking the opportunities to document how forest foods contribute to nutrition, food security and dietary intake. In this study, food security was estimated using the HFIAS score while dietary intake was estimated using FFQ recalls among 720 households in and around six logging concessions in Cameroon, DR Congo and Gabon. There was a high diversity of forests foods consumed, with DR Congo (FFCS=16.2) registering the highest number. Cameroon had the highest number of food groups (HDDS=12.5) while Gabon had the highest number of food varieties (FVS=24.5). Despite a highly diverse pool of wild foods in the region, most households (82%) practicing farming on logged land suffered from food insecurity. A significant inverse correlation was observed between the HFIAS score and the FFCS (r 2 =–0.26, P=0.0002), revealing that forest foods can play a role in ensuring food security and nutrition among populations near forest concessions. The chi-square test revealed that age >46 years, and access to income from business or salaries were associated with food security. Further work is required to document how wild forest foods can contribute to improved diets among these populations, including documenting the nutrient composition of more forest foods, integrating them into regional dietary guidelines and encouraging their domestication.
Co-benefits of soil carbon protection for invertebrate conservation
(Journal Article, 2020-12) Flores Rios, Angelli; Thomas, Evert; Peri, Pablo P.; Amelung, Wulf; Duarte Guardia, Sandra; Borchard, Nils; Lizárraga-Travaglini, Alfonso; Vélez Azañero, Armando; Sheil, Douglas; Tscharntke, Teja; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf; Ladd, Brenton

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