Selecting efficient farm-level antimicrobial stewardship interventions from a One Health perspective
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Item Rapport de l’atelier de partage des résultats du projet SEFASI(Report, 2025-01) Gning, M.A.D.; Faye, A.; Dione, Michel M.Item Rapport du troisième atelier de modélisation des impacts socio-économiques de la résistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM): cas d’étude du Sénégal(Report, 2024-04-30) Faye, Ardiouma; Dione, Michel M.Selecting Efficient Farm-level Antimicrobial Stewardship Interventions from a One Health perspective (SEFASI) meeting reportItem Determinants of animal disease and nontherapeutic antibiotic use on smallholder livestock farms(Journal Article, 2024-03-15) Emes, E.; Kagambèga, A.; Dione, Michel M.Introduction: Reducing nontherapeutic antibiotic use (ABU) in livestock animals has been identified as an important way of curbing the growth of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, nontherapeutic ABU may be important for managing animal disease. In order to reduce nontherapeutic ABU, farmers may need to implement other complementary interventions to safeguard animal health and minimize risk. We should therefore investigate if nontherapeutic ABU is associated with better animal health outcomes before advocating to reduce it. We should also investigate non-antibiotic factors which protect animal health and can make nontherapeutic use less necessary, as well as factors which can encourage farmers to improve their antibiotic stewardship. Methods: The study investigated these questions using data from the AMUSE survey, which is designed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to AMR in smallholder livestock farms. The sample included 320 animal herds from 216 smallholder livestock farms in Burkina Faso, with livestock species including poultry, small ruminants, and cattle. The determinants of the occurrence of animal disease and nontherapeutic ABU were investigated using binary logistic regression. Results: Results revealed that nontherapeutic ABU was positively associated with animal disease, although the potential reverse causality of this relationship should be investigated further. Going primarily to a public veterinarian for animal health services, and having a higher level of formal education, were negatively associated with the occurrence of disease. Going primarily to a community animal health worker was positively associated with using antibiotics nontherapeutically, whereas going primarily to a public veterinarian was negatively associated with this outcome. Having an animal health professional (of any kind) provide diagnosis and treatment was positively associated with nontherapeutic antibiotic use for goats and sheep. Discussion: These findings support the expansion of education access and public veterinary services as a way to encourage better antibiotic stewardship while guarding against any animal health risks associated with doing so. They also highlight that animal health professionals other than public veterinarians may prioritize animal health outcomes over antibiotic stewardship goals.Item An agent-based model for collaborative learning to combat antimicrobial resistance: Proof of concept based on broiler production in Senegal(Journal Article, 2023-11-20) Ndekou, P.P.; Drake, A.; Lomax, J.; Dione, Michel M.; Faye, A.; Nsangou, M.D.N.; Korir, Luke; Sklar, E.Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a substantial global One Health problem. This paper reports on initial, proof-of-concept development of an agent-based model (ABM) as part of wider modelling efforts to support collaborations between groups interested in policy development for animal health and food systems. The model simulates AMR in poultry production in Senegal. It simultaneously addresses current policy issues, builds on existing modelling in the domain and describes AMR in the broiler chicken production cycle as seen by producers and veterinarians. This enables implementation and assessment of producer antimicrobial use (AMU) and infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies in terms of immediate economic incentives, potentially helping to advance conversations by addressing national policy priorities. Our model is presented as a flexible tool with promise for extension as part of AMR policy development in Senegal and West Africa, using participatory approaches. This work indicates that ABM can potentially play a useful role in fostering counter-AMR initiatives driven by food system actor behaviour in lower- and middle-income countries (LMIC) more generally.Item How farm practices and antibiotic use drive disease incidence in smallholder livestock farms: Evidence from a survey in Uganda(Journal Article, 2023-12) Emes, E.; Wieland, Barbara; Magnusson, Ulf; Dione, Michel M.Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to human and animal health, and the growth in AMR prevalence globally is thought to be partially driven by non-therapeutic antibiotic use in livestock production. However, livestock farms may depend on antibiotics as a prophylactic disease management tool, and reducing antibiotic use in isolation may harm farmers' economic security. In order to help farmers safely reduce their antibiotic use, we must first determine how necessary non-therapeutic antibiotic use is for disease management, and how other farm practices can guard against disease and make antibiotic use reduction safe and feasible. Methods Using the Antimicrobial Use in Livestock Production Settings (AMUSE) tool, a standardised survey tool for investigating attitudes and practices relating to antibiotic use on farms, we investigated the farming practices and animal disease outcomes of smallholder livestock farms in Uganda. We used logistic regression to investigate the effect of prophylactic antibiotic use; as well as of prophylactic vaccination, non-antimicrobial medicines, and on-farm biosecurity measures; on the likelihood of disease outbreaks. Findings We found that prophylactic antibiotic use did indeed seem to guard against disease outbreaks, underlining the rationality of non-therapeutic antibiotic use in smallholder livestock farms and the need to pair antibiotic use reduction with other interventions in order to mitigate risk. The most effective intervention pairing varied by species, with expanded access to animal health services and the use of prophylactic vaccination demonstrating the greatest potential overall. Implications These findings echo earlier results generated using the AMUSE survey tool. They should be followed by participatory research in which farmers are consulted to explore intervention options, and subsequently by farm-level intervention trials of combined antimicrobial stewardship interventions to verify their effectiveness.Item Mobilisation des acteurs autour de la lutte contre la résistance aux antimicrobiens au Sénégal selon l’approche One Health: Focus sur le partage de l'information comme l'un des leviers d'action majeurs dans la définition des politiques concertées(Thesis, 2023) Nganjui, C.; Muteba, D.; Tchiebue, G.La résistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM) constitue actuellement l’un des problèmes mondiaux majeurs de santé publique. La mise en œuvre des actions contre la RAM fait appel à une multiplicité d’acteurs. Le paysage de la RAM au Sénégal n’échappe pas à cette dynamique mondiale : depuis 2017, une plateforme « One health » a été créée avec en son sein des groupes thématiques dont celui de la RAM, fait d’une grande variété des parties prenantes censées coconstruire un ensemble des savoirs et matérialiser la lutte dans leurs secteurs respectifs. L’interconnexion entre ces parties prenantes est assurée, dans une large mesure, par le partage mutuel d’informations ressources à l’orientation des politiques et moyens de lutte. A travers les entretiens semi structurés et « focus groups », notre étude a montré que le partage, la gestion de l’information en rapport avec la RAM, restent sectoriels et ne pourrait donc pas encore, à ce stade, favo-riser une meilleure collaboration entre parties prenantes de la lutte contre la RAM au Sénégal. Graduellement, cette étude nous a permis d’évaluer la perception de la problématique de la RAM par les parties prenantes, de situer le rôle de chaque acteur dans les rouages des pratiques informationnelles exis-tantes autour de la RAM, de profiler la mise en place d’un modèle de diffusion de l’information entre par-ties prenantes de lutte contre la RAM au Sénégal.Item Deuxième atelier de modélisation des impacts socio-économiques de la résistance aux anti-microbiens du projet: Selecting Efficient Farm-level Antimicrobial Stewardship Interventions from a One Health Perspective (SEFASI)(Report, 2023-07-30) Gning, M.A.D.; Faye, A.; Dione, Michel M.Item Mapping the effect of antimicrobial resistance in poultry production in Senegal: an integrated system dynamics and network analysis approach(Journal Article, 2023-07-13) Aboah, Joshua; Ngom, B.; Emes, E.; Fall, A.G.; Seydi, M.; Faye, A.; Dione, Michel M.The impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) extends beyond the farm-level to other stakeholders warranting the need for a collaborative approach to combat AMR while optimising production objectives and safeguarding human health. This study maps out the effect of AMR originating from poultry production in Senegal and highlights the entry points for interventions from stakeholders’ perspectives. A causal loop diagram (CLD) was developed following a group model building procedure with 20 stakeholders and integrated with network analysis by translating the CLD into an unweighted directed network. Results indicate that with an eigenvector centrality of 1, 0.85, and 0.74, the production cost, on-farm profit, and on-farm productivity, respectively are the most ranked influential variables driving the complexity of AMR in the poultry production system. Two reinforcing feedback loops highlight the dual benefits of improving on-farm productivity and increasing on-farm profit. However, one balancing feedback loop that revolves around the causal link between producers’ investment in qualified human resource personnel to ensure good farm management practices underline the financial implication of producers’ investment decisions. The findings provide precursory groundings for the development of a quantitative SD model, the formulation of intervention scenarios and ex-ante impact assessment of the cost-effectiveness of the interventions.Item Choisir des interventions efficaces de gestion des antimicrobiens au niveau de la ferme du point de vue “One Health”(Brochure, 2023-03-15) International Livestock Research InstituteItem Drivers of antibiotic use in semi-intensive poultry farms: Evidence from a survey in Senegal(Journal Article, 2023-02-24) Emes, E.; Faye, Adiouma; Naylor, N.; Belay, D.; Ngom, B.; Fall, A.G.; Knight, G.; Dione, Michel M.Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the capacity of microbial pathogens to survive in the presence of antimicrobials, is considered one of the greatest threats to human health worldwide and is growing rapidly in importance. AMR is thought to be driven in part by the use of antimicrobials (AMU) in livestock production. AMU reduction in agriculture is therefore important, but doing so may endanger farmers’ incomes and hamper broader food security. Understanding the drivers for farmers’ antibiotics use is essential for designing interventions which avoid harming agricultural output and to safeguard farmers’ economic security. In this study, we analyse AMUSE survey data from poultry farmers in Senegal to explore the effects of vaccination, attitudes towards AMR, and biosecurity practices on: AMU, animal mortality, and farm productivity. We found that farmers with more “AMR-aware” attitudes may be less likely to use antibiotics in healthy birds. Stronger on-farm biosecurity was associated with less use of antibiotics in healthy birds, and in some specifications was linked to higher broiler productivity. Vaccination and AMU were both higher in farms with a higher disease prevalence, and both factors appeared conducive to higher broiler productivity. Overall, there is evidence that awareness raising and biosecurity improvements could encourage prudent use of antibiotics, and that biosecurity and vaccination could to some extent replace antibiotic use as productivity-enhancing and disease management tools in broiler farms. Finally, issues of farm antimicrobial stewardship must be considered at the structural level, with farm behaviours contingent on interaction with state and private stakeholders.Item Item Choisir des interventions efficaces de gestion des antimicrobiens au niveau de la ferme du point de vue de l’approche une Seule Santé : Cas d’étude du Sénégal(Report, 2022-09-30) Zannou, Olivier; Faye, Pape A.; Dione, Michel M.