East Africa Dairy Development

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Dairy hubs in East Africa: Lessons from the East Africa Dairy Development project
(Presentation, 2013-06-26) Baltenweck, Isabelle; Mutinda, G.
Unravelling the role of innovation platforms in supporting co-evolution of innovation: Contributions and tensions in a smallholder dairy development programme
(Journal Article, 2013-06) Kilelu, C.W.; Klerkx, Laurens; Leeuwis, Cees
The agricultural innovation systems approach emphasizes the collective nature of innovation and stresses that innovation is a co-evolutionary process, resulting from alignment of technical, social, institutional and organizational dimensions. These insights are increasingly informing interventions that focus on setting up multi-stakeholder initiatives, such as innovation platforms and networks, as mechanisms for enhancing agricultural innovation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. There has been much emphasis on how such platforms are organized, but only limited analysis unravelling how they shape co-evolution of innovation processes. This paper addresses this gap and conceptualizes platforms as intermediaries that connect the different actors in innovation systems in order to foster effective co-evolution. We present a case study of a smallholder dairy development programme in Kenya, led by a consortium of five organizations that provide a platform for building multi-actor partnerships to enhance smallholder dairy productivity and improve livelihoods. The findings indicate that co-evolution of innovation is a highly dynamic process with various interactional tensions and unexpected effects, and that the distributed nature of intermediation is important in resolving some of these tensions emerging at different actor interfaces. However, platforms are not always able to adapt adequately to emerging issues. This points to the need to look at platforms dynamically and pay more attention to mechanisms that strengthen feedback, learning and adaptive management in innovation processes.
Delivery of advisory and technical services for dairy smallholder production systems: The concept of dairy hubs
(Presentation, 2012-12-05) Cadilhon, Joseph J.; Baltenweck, Isabelle
Cost of milk production in East Africa
(Poster, 2012-10-22) Baltenweck, Isabelle; Kinuthia, E.; Lukuyu, Ben A.; Menjo, D.; Atyang, S.; Kamanzi, E.
Developing site specific feed plans using the feed assessment tool (FEAST)
(Poster, 2012-10-22) Lukuyu, Ben A.; Duncan, Alan J.; Baltenweck, Isabelle; Kinuthia, E.
Measuring and explaining technical efficiency of dairy farms: A case of smallholder dairy farms in East Africa
(Journal Article, 2012-06) Gelan, Ayele; Muriithi, B.W.
This article measures and explains the technical efficiency (TE) of 371 dairy farms located in 17 districts in East African countries. Three output and 10 input types were used to calculate the efficiency score for each farm. A two-stage analysis was conducted to measure and explain the efficiency scores. Firstly, the efficiency scores were measured by a data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, which was implemented using a linear programming (LP) method. About 18 per cent of the farms were fully productive, each with an efficiency score of unity, which means this group is currently operating on the production possibility frontier. About 32 per cent of the farms had efficiency scores below 0.25, which means that about a third of the dairy farms would need to expand their dairy production by at least 75 per cent from the current level without any increase in the level of inputs. Secondly, a fractional regression method was used to explain the efficiency scores by relating them to a range of explanatory variables. The findings indicate that technology adoption factors, such as the existence of improved breeds, and feed and fodder innovations (e.g., growing legumes), have positive and statistically significant effects on the level of efficiency. Similarly, zero-grazing seems to have positive and highly significant effects. As far as marketing variables are concerned, selling milk to individual consumers or organisations seems to contribute positively and more significantly to dairy efficiency than other marketing outlets such as traders or chilling plants. Membership of a dairy cooperative has a positive effect but is not statistically significant.
Nutrient composition of pastures in Kayunga District, Uganda: Implications for seasonal supplementation in grazing ruminants
(Presentation, 2012-04-11) Dierenfeld, E.S.; Lukuyu, Ben A.; Nyagaka, D.
Costs of milk production in EADD hubs in East Africa
(Presentation, 2012-05-07) Baltenweck, Isabelle; Kinuthia, E.; Lukuyu, Ben A.; Menjo, D.; Atyang, S.; Kamanzi, E.
Feeding dairy cattle in East Africa
(Manual, 2012-04-24) Lukuyu, Ben A.; Gachuiri, C.K.; Lukuyu, Margaret N.; Lusweti, C.; Mwendia, Solomon W.
Milking for profit: EADD midterm report 2008-2010
(Report, 2011) East Africa Dairy Development Project
The emerging livestock feed markets in East Africa: A solution to feed shortages?
(Abstract, 2011-10-05) Nangole, E.; Lukuyu, Ben A.; Franzel, Steven; Baltenweck, Isabelle
Availability and access to feed resources is an important constraint to livestock productivity in East Africa. This study examined the production and marketing of livestock feeds in Kenya. The existing fodder value chains their constraints and opportunities are examined. A rapid appraisal survey was conducted with 93 actors along the value chain in November 2010. Findings showed that fodder marketing takes place at village and district levels. Trading at village level involved input sellers, producers who sold directly to rural retailers, rural consumers, or if they were near major district towns, to wholesalers. District level trading involved traders who sourced for fodder outside the district and retailed to wholesalers in major consumer markets within districts and to a lesser extend retailed in local areas. Service providers such as transporters and feed processors operated at all levels. Input providers comprised of agrovet and general retail shops while producers and consumers were mainly small and large scale farmers. Traders comprised of individual traders and cooperative societies. There are seasonal price variations and trading is common in the dry season. Fodder producers grow fodder for own use but sold excess often in the wet season. Few producers without livestock grow fodder for sale. Commonly traded feeds are Rhodes grass, maize stovers, oat straws and Lucerne hay and were preferred because they keep longer. Other forages are Napier grass and harvested roadside grass. Actors operated in uncoordinated manner. Cooperative societies played a key role in linking buyers and sellers, stimulating demand and providing credit. Input capital is perceived as a major constraint. Findings showed a need to promote feed marketing alongside feed conservation and feed processing as well creating platforms for linkages amongst actors. Market information is needed to enhance feed marketing systems.
The farmer trainers approach in technology dissemination in Uganda: Farmer trainers’ and trainees’ perspectives.
(Working Paper, 2011-07-31) Kiptot, E.; Lukuyu, Ben A.; Franzel, Steven; Place, Frank
This working paper presents the results of the first phase of a study that aims to determine the effectiveness of the farmer trainers approach in the dissemination of feed technologies in the East Africa Dairy Development Project (EADD). The starting point of this study is in the recognition that public sector extension services are no longer able to provide small scale farmers with adequate extension services. As a result, new approaches and mechanisms are being developed to fill the gap. One such approach that is being used by the EADD project is the volunteer farmer trainers approach. It is a form of farmer-to farmer extension where farmers host demonstration plots and take centre stage in information sharing. Although this approach has been in use in the EADD project since its inception in 2008, not much is understood about its effectiveness. A study was therefore initiated to assess its effectiveness. The study was organised into three phases. The first phase, which is the subject of this report, is an exploratory informal survey to collect qualitative data from both the trainers and trainees to be used in formulating hypothesis for more in depth formal surveys in the next phases. Group discussions were held in three sites of the EADD project in three districts, namely Jinja, Mukono and Mityana to get the perceptions of farmer trainers and trainees on the effectiveness of the approach. Farmer trainers have served an average of 15.6 months and train an average of 5 trainees per month. Most of them undertake their activities by foot and a few use their own bicycles. Farmer trainers use various means of mobilizing farmers for their training sessions. Training sessions are normally held at trading centres, local county halls, demonstration sites and homesteads of trainees and trainers. Farmer trainers are motivated by the desire to gain more knowledge/skills, improve their own livelihoods and those of other farmers in the community and becoming popular among other factors. Some of the costs that farmer trainers incur are: transport, time and bicycle maintenance. Benefits received range from gaining knowledge and skills, popularity, increasing social networks to satisfaction. Challenges faced include transport, lack of training materials and family conflicts involving some farmer trainees and their spouses. Some of the low-cost opportunities for improving the approach include provision of training materials (manila paper, marker pen, sample seeds) and certification of farmer trainers. If resources are available, bicycles would help improve performance. Farmer trainers are an important source of information to farmers. Rating of topics taught by trainers was mixed with some topics being rated highly in terms of relevance, understanding and ease of use while others were rated low. On technology uptake by farmer trainees, the highest uptake was for Napier (Elephant) grass and pasture improvement (50%), followed by calliandra (47%). Other technologies such as silage, hay, lablab, leuceana and setaria had less than 30% uptake.
Livestock feed resources: Current production and management practices in central and northern rift valley provinces of Kenya
(Journal Article, 2011-05-15) Lukuyu, Ben A.; Franzel, Steven; Ongadi, P.M.; Duncan, Alan J.
Smallholder dairy farmers in developing countries face many feed constraints such as inadequate feed quality and quantity, poor storage facilities for feed conservation as well as insufficient water. However, feeding of livestock continues to pose many problems due to lack of information on composition and utilization of locally available feed resources. These problems are aggravated by lack of access to and high cost of feed inputs. The use of cheap and readily available local feed resources has great potential to increase livestock productivity. The East African Dairy Development project in Kenya, through use of various participatory rapid appraisal tools conducted a rapid appraisal study of three project areas. The objective was to assess feeds and feeding practices in smallholder dairy systems, identify feed resources available year round and where the gaps are as well as to determine what practices are available for improving production and utilization of feed resources in order to raise smallholder dairy production. Established opportunities for improvement include on-farm production and utilization of fodder, efficient storage, processing and utilization of crop residues, pasture improvement, appropriate water harvesting technologies, formulation of feed rations amongst small scale farmers, small scale feed conservation as well as development of fodder markets. Given the complex farming system within which smallholder farmers operate, changes are needed in both the technologies used for improving feeds and feeding systems and in the institutional and policy arrangements surrounding feed supply. In addition, technical interventions need to be developed in a participatory manner along with farmers and other stakeholders within the system to make them relevant and sustainable.
Survey methodology
(Brief, 2011-05-17) Kariuki, Eunice
The East Africa Dairy Development (EADD) project is a regional industry development program implemented by a consortium of partners led by Heifer International. It is currently being piloted in 18 sites in Kenya, 8 in Rwanda and 27 in Uganda. The overall goal of the project is to transform the lives of 179,000 families, or about 1 million people, by doubling household dairy income in 10 years through integrated interventions in dairy production, market access and knowledge application. This brief presents an overview of the methodology used to carry out a baseline survey for the EADD project in 2008-09. The objective of the survey was to assess the baseline situation of dairy farmers and their communities at the start of the project, and to identify key constraints faced by dairy farmers and market agents and opportunities for overcoming them through targeted project interventions. The study had three components, namely, community, household and market agent surveys. Details are available in the baseline survey report No. 1
Feeds and feeding practices
(Brief, 2011-05-18) Lukuyu, Ben A.; Duncan, Alan J.; Kariuki, K.; Baltenweck, Isabelle
The East Africa Dairy Development (EADD) project is a regional industry development program implemented by a consortium of partners led by Heifer International. It is currently being piloted in 18 sites in Kenya, 8 in Rwanda and 27 in Uganda. The overall goal of the project is to transform the lives of 179,000 families, or about 1 million people, by doubling household dairy income in 10 years through integrated interventions in dairy production, market access and knowledge application. This brief highlights key results of a baseline survey that was carried out with the objective of providing information on cattle production systems and the current feeding practices in smallholder households in selected sites in Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda. Details are available in the baseline survey report No. 3.
Livestock disease challenges and gaps in delivery of animal health services
(Brief, 2011-05-18) Njehu, A.; Omore, Amos O.; Baltenweck, Isabelle; Muriithi, B.
The East Africa Dairy Development (EADD) project is a regional industry development program implemented by a consortium of partners led by Heifer International. It is currently being piloted in 18 sites in Kenya, 8 in Rwanda and 27 in Uganda. The overall goal of the project is to transform the lives of 179,000 families, or about 1 million people, by doubling household dairy income in 10 years through integrated interventions in dairy production, market access and knowledge application. This brief highlights key results of a baseline survey that was carried out with the objective of assessing the gaps in delivery of animal health services in Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda. Specifically, the survey assessed the main animal health problems; preventive and curative measures used to control animal diseases; livestock farmers’ access to veterinary and livestock extension services; and the cost of veterinary and livestock extension services. Details are available in the baseline survey report No. 4
Constraints to the use of artificial insemination service and possible solutions
(Brief, 2011-05-18) Mburu, J.; Ojango, Julie M.K.; Kariuki, K.; Baltenweck, Isabelle
The East Africa Dairy Development (EADD) project is aregional industry development program implemented by a consortium of partners led by Heifer International. It is currently being piloted in 18 sites in Kenya, 8 in Rwanda and 27 in Uganda. The overall goal of the project is to transform the lives of 179,000 families, or about 1 million people, by doubling household dairy income in 10 years through integrated interventions in dairy production, market access and knowledge application. This brief highlights key results of a baseline survey that was carried out with the objective of analyzing the level of preference for and use of artificial insemination (AI) in different project sites, and identifying constraints or problems hindering the optimal use of the service and possible solutions. Details are available in the baseline survey report No. 2.
Key economic performance indicator
(Brief, 2011-05-18) Gelan, Ayele; Muriithi, B.; Baltenweck, Isabelle
The East Africa Dairy Development (EADD) project is a regional industry development program and implemented by a consortium of partners. It is currently being piloted in 18 sites in Kenya, 8 in Rwanda and 27 in Uganda. The overall goal of the project is to transform the lives of 179,000 families, or about 1 million people, by doubling household dairy income in 10 years through integrated interventions in dairy production, market access and knowledge application. This brief highlights key results of a baseline survey of the economic performance analysis of dairy farms in project sites in Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda. The focus is on production and marketing aspects to establish a benchmark against which future economic performances of the project beneficiaries will be assessed during the project monitoring, review and final impact evaluations. Details are available in the baseline survey report No. 5.
East Africa Dairy Development News No. 7
(Newsletter, 2011-03-08) East Africa Dairy Development Project
Exploratory assessment of the relationship between dairy intensification, gender and child nutrition among smallholder farmers in Buret and Kipkelion Districts, Kenya
(Report, 2011-01-15) Shreenath, S.; Watkins, A.J.; Wyatt, Amanda; Yearous‐Algozin, A.; Ramakrishnan, U.; Webb Girard, A.; Yount, K.; Baltenweck, Isabelle; Njuki, Jemimah; Randolph, Thomas F.

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