IFPRI CAPRi Archive
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/141602
The CGIAR Systemwide Program on Collective Action and Property Rights (CAPRi) initiative was active at IFPRI until XXXX. The initiative promoted comparative research on the role of property rights and collective action institutions in shaping the efficiency, sustainability, and equity of natural resource systems. It was funded by the Governments of Norway and Italy, and the World Bank.
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Item Collective management of rangelands under different tenure systems(Book Chapter, 2006) Ngaido, Tidiane; McCarthy, NancyItem Pluralismo legal y derechos dinamicos de propiedad: Spanish translation of Legal pluralism and dynamic property rights(Book Chapter, 2006) Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.; Pradhan, RajendraConventional conceptions of property rights focus on static definitions of property rights, usually as defined in statutory law. However, in practice there is co-existence and interaction between multiple legal orders such as state, customary, religious, project and local laws, all of which provide bases for claiming property rights. Legal anthropological approaches that recognize this legal pluralism are helpful in understanding this complexity. Individuals may choose one or another of these legal frameworks as the basis for their claims on a resource, in a process referred to as “forum shopping.” Legal pluralism can create uncertainty especially in times of conflict because any individual is unlikely to have knowledge of all types of law that might be relevant, and because rival claimants can use a large repertoire to lay claim to a resource. However, at the same time the multiple legal frameworks facilitate considerable flexibility for people to maneuver in their use of natural resources. Legal pluralism also introduces a sense of dynamism in property rights, as the different legal frameworks do not exist in isolation, but influence each other, and can change over time. Unless these aspects of property rights are recognized, changes in statutory law intended to increase tenure security may instead increase uncertainty, especially for groups with less education and contacts. This paper illustrates the implications of legal pluralism for our understanding of natural resource management and policies toward resource tenure, using the example of water rights. (text of Abstract)Item Pluralisme hokum dan kinamika hak atas property: Indonesian translation of Legal pluralism and dynamic property rights(Book Chapter, 2006) Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.; Pradhan, RajendraConventional conceptions of property rights focus on static definitions of property rights, usually as defined in statutory law. However, in practice there is co-existence and interaction between multiple legal orders such as state, customary, religious, project and local laws, all of which provide bases for claiming property rights. Legal anthropological approaches that recognize this legal pluralism are helpful in understanding this complexity. Individuals may choose one or another of these legal frameworks as the basis for their claims on a resource, in a process referred to as “forum shopping.” Legal pluralism can create uncertainty especially in times of conflict because any individual is unlikely to have knowledge of all types of law that might be relevant, and because rival claimants can use a large repertoire to lay claim to a resource. However, at the same time the multiple legal frameworks facilitate considerable flexibility for people to maneuver in their use of natural resources. Legal pluralism also introduces a sense of dynamism in property rights, as the different legal frameworks do not exist in isolation, but influence each other, and can change over time. Unless these aspects of property rights are recognized, changes in statutory law intended to increase tenure security may instead increase uncertainty, especially for groups with less education and contacts. This paper illustrates the implications of legal pluralism for our understanding of natural resource management and policies toward resource tenure, using the example of water rights. (text of Abstract)Item The footprints of history: path dependence in the transformation of property rights in Kenya’s Maasailand.(Journal Article, 2006-08) Mwangi, EstherThe recent wave of subdivision of Maasai group ranches is not an isolated event, but rather part of a broader, historical process of transformation in land relations and policy development in Maasailand. Maasai have over time supported land privatization, first by formalizing collective rights in group ranches and more recently by individualizing collective land holdings. Privatization is perceived to be an effective strategy for safeguarding Maasai land claims against appropriation by non-Maasai, the government and elite Maasai. Construction of the Uganda railway in early twentieth century and the subsequent influx of European settlers who were granted individual title to secure their investments are events that began the institutional path of privatization. The persistence and dominance of individualized arrangements regardless of other more optimal property rights options is a result of the dominance of elite interests (supported by state institutions) even as state imposed institutions replaced Maasai customary systems of land allocation.Item Localizing demand and supply of environmental services: interactions with property rights, collective action and the welfare of smallholders(Book Chapter, 2006) Swallow, Brent M.; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.; van Noordwijk, MeineThis paper presents a conceptual framework that clarifies the inter-linkages between property rights, collective action, payment for environmental services, and the welfare of smallholder land users. The framework is centered on concerns of function and welfare effects of PES. The functional perspective clarifies the effects of collective action and property rights institutions on the supply of environmental services. The welfare perspective considers smallholders as one of several potential sources of supply,sometimes directly competing against large landowners and public sector providers.Item Studying property rights and collective action: a Systemwide Programme(Book Chapter, 2006) Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.Item Special issue on Property rights, collective action, and local conservation of genetic resources(Journal Item, 2007) Eyzaguirre, Pablo B.; Di Gregorio, Monica; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.Item Politics, plurality and problemsheds: A strategic approach for reform of agricultural water(Journal Article, 2007-11) Mollinga, Peter P.; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.; Merrey, Douglas J.Starting from the assessment that past efforts at reform in agricultural water management in developing countries have achieved very little, this article argues that a fundamental change is required in the approach to policy and institutional transformation if the present deadlock in the internalisation of ecological sustainability, human development/poverty alleviation and democratic governance into the ‘core business’ of water bureaucracies is to be overcome. ‘Social engineering’ approaches need to be replaced by ‘strategic action’ approaches that acknowledge the inherently political character and the plurality of actors, institutions and objectives of water management — a perspective operationalised here around the notions of ‘problemshed’ and ‘issue network’.Item Beyond panaceas in water institutions(Journal Article, 2007-09-25) Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.The past 50 years of water policy have seen alternating policies emphasize the state, user groups, or markets as essential for solving water-management problems. A closer look reveals that each of these solutions has worked in some places but failed in others, especially when policies attempted to spread them over too many countries and diverse situations. A study of the variable performances of user groups for canal irrigation in India illustrates the factors that affect institutional performance. Research that identifies the critical factors affecting irrigation institutions can lead to sustainable approaches that are adapted to specific contextual attributes.Item Subdividing the commons: distributional conflict in the transition from collective to individual property rights in Kenya's Maasailand(Journal Article, 2007-05) Mwangi, EstherThis paper suggests that explanations of property rights transformation need to move beyond models of relative price change and state enforcement to include accounts that accommodate conflict and competition among actors, and the possibility that state actors may not provide the enforcement that is often taken for granted. The transition from collective to individualized holdings in Kenya’s Maasailand is burdened with politics and procedural problems that can undermine the gains anticipated in that move. Moreover, in semi-arid ecological settings, individualization results in unstable land holdings, necessitating re-contracting, and reaggregation by individual parcel owners.Item Introduction to the special issue on Property rights, collective action, and local conservation of genetic resources"(Journal Article, 2007-09) Eyzaguirre, Pablo B.; Di Gregorio, Monica; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.Item Collaborating for resilience: Conflict, collective action, and transformation on Cambodia’s Tonle Sap Lake(Journal Article, 2014) Ratner, Blake D.; Mam, Kosal; Halpern, GuyItem Water, politics and development: Introducing water alternatives(Journal Article, 2008) Molle, François; Mollinga, Peter P.; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.Item Special issue on Gender and collective action: Motivations, effectiveness and impact(Journal Item, 2008) Pandolfelli, Lauren; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.; Dohrn, StephanItem Water reallocation: Drivers, challenges, threats, and solutions for the poor(Journal Article, 2008-03) Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.; Ringler, ClaudiaItem Securing access to drylands resources for multiple users in Africa: A review of recent research(Journal Article, 2008-04) Mwangi, Esther; Dohrn, StephanItem Cutting the web of interests: Pitfalls of formalizing property rights(Journal Article, 2009-01) Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.; Mwangi, EstherItem Gender, social capital and information exchange in rural Uganda(Journal Article, 2008-01) Katungi, Enid; Edmeades, Svetlana; Smale, MelindaChanging agricultural research and extension systems mean that informal mechanisms of information diffusion are often the primary source of information about improved seed and practices for farmers in sub‐Saharan Africa. This paper investigates the interactions between gender, social capital and information exchange in rural Uganda. Within the framework of farmer‐to‐farmer models, we conceptualise the informal information diffusion process to comprise social capital accumulation and information exchange. We assume that each agent participates in information exchange with a fixed (predetermined) level of social capital and examine how endowments of social capital influence information exchange, paying close attention to gender differences. A multinomial logit model is used to analyse multiple participation choices of information exchange facing the farmer. Findings demonstrate that social capital is an important factor in information exchange, with men generally having better access to social capital than women. We also find strong evidence in support of group‐based technology dissemination systems.Item Separate but equal?: The gendered nature of social capital in rural Philippine communities(Journal Article, 2008-01) Godquin, Marie; Quisumbing, Agnes R.This paper explores the gender dimensions of group membership and social networks using a unique longitudinal data set from the rural Philippines. We investigate two types of social capital: membership in groups, or ‘formal’ social capital, and size of trust‐based networks or ‘informal’ social capital. Because men and women may have different propensities to invest in social capital, we analyse the determinants of group membership for men and women separately. We also disaggregate the analysis by type of group. The paper also examines the determinants of the density of social capital, proxied by the number of groups and the number of network members. Finally, it explores whether groups contribute to increased sizes of social networks. We find that men and women do not differ significantly in their probability of participating in groups or the number of groups they join. However, there are clear gender differences in the types of groups to which men and women belong. We also find that group membership does not, in general, increase network density. The size of one's informal networks is influenced by the location and migration decisions of one's sons and daughters, suggesting that sons and daughters play different roles in providing support to their households of origin.Item Gender and collective action: motivations, effectiveness and impact(Journal Article, 2008-01) Pandolfelli, Lauren; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.; Dohrn, StephanGender is often a key determinant of people's abilities to participate in collective action, yet there has been relatively little research on the links between gender and collective action. This article, and the ones that follow in this special issue, explore the intersection of these two fields. We present three entry points for a gendered analysis of collective action: motivations to engage in collective action; effectiveness of collective action (as defined by group objectives and the process by which the group works to meet those objectives); and impact of collective action on gender equity. We discuss each of these themes by highlighting key issues presented in the articles in this special issue.