CGIAR GENDER Platform empowerment-nutrition grants

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/113144

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Using a sustainable food systems framework to examine gender equality and women’s empowerment in aquatic food systems
(Journal Article) Adam, Rahma; Dam Lam, Rodolfo; Lozano, Denise; McDougall, Cynthia; Rajaratnam, Surendran; Ouko, Kevin; Manyungwa-Pasani, Chikondi; Forsythe, Lora; Rossignoli, Cristiano
This article aims to generate novel insights by examining gender dynamics within aquaculture and small-scale fisheries, employing a gendered agrifood systems conceptual framework to comprehensively analyze gender equality and women’s empowerment in aquatic food systems. To do this, it evaluates 202 articles using a scoping review methodology. Though additional literature from 19 articles was pulled in to provide the context. The findings are that aquatic foods value chains and food environment are negatively impacted by gender disparities in terms of women’s agency, access to and control over resources, gendered social norms, and policies and governance. This hampers the ability of women to engage in and benefit from aquatic food systems. This results in gendered disparities in dietary outcomes, low achievements in relation to gender equality and women’s empowerment, and less adaptive capacity in relation to developing resilient livelihoods. The article acknowledges the importance of developing and leveraging women’s agency and bargaining power, strengthening their access to and control over key aquatic food systems resources, tackling harmful gender norms, developing gender-sensitive data collection and analysis to inform evidence-based policymaking, and implementing gender-responsive and gender-transformative policies and strategies to create an enabling environment for these interventions to succeed. Investment in multi-level, and multi-layered, gender-responsive and gender-transformative approaches are needed to co-develop – with women and their organizations – positive, gender-equitable norms to strengthen women’s agency and decision-making at a variety of levels, ranging from individual to policy level.
Climate-resilient aquatic food systems require transformative change to address gender and intersectional inequalities
(Journal Article, 2024) Adam, R.; Amani, A.; Kuijpers, R.; Danielsen, K.; Smits, E.; Kruijssen, F.; Moran, N.; Tigchelaar, M.; Wabnitz, C.; Tilley, A.; Luzzi, M.; Peerzadi, R.H.; Ride, A.; Rossignoli, C.; Allison, Edward H.; Cole, S.M.; Zatti, I.; Ouko, K.; Farnworth, C.R.
The adverse impacts of climate change on aquatic food systems (AFS) and the people who depend on AFS for livelihood security are inequitably distributed between and within countries. People facing the highest risks and experiencing the severest impacts of climate change are those who already experience multidimensional inequalities in their lives, particularly because of their gender, class, age, indigeneity, ethnicity, caste, religion, and the physical and political conditions that can create additional vulnerabilities. In this paper, we conducted a scoping review of the literature that explores the links between climate change, gender, and other social identities, and AFS. The review was complemented by an analysis of representative data on women and men aquaculture farmers in Bangladesh from 2018 to 2019. We also analysed data from the 2019 Illuminating Hidden Harvest project. The study relied on the gendered agrifood system and aquatic food climate risk frameworks to guide on literature search, review, and data analyses. Our findings show that intersecting identities disadvantage certain AFS actors, particularly young women from minority ethnic groups, and create challenge for them to manage and adapt to climate shocks and stresses. Examples of gender-responsive and transformative interventions are highlighted from our review to showcase how such intersectional disadvantages can be addressed to increase women’s empowerment and social and gender equality.
Validation of Pro-WEFI conducted in Bangladesh
(Dataset) Adam, Rahma; Rajaratnam, Surendran
This folder contains outputs from a validation study of Pro-WEFI tool conducted in Bangladesh in 2022. It includes the study tools, dataset and Stata do files.
Understanding empowerment of ethnic minority groups in Northern Vietnam using Pro-WEAI
(Presentation, 2023-10-10) Lan Nguyen T.T.; Berg, Marrit van den; Stomph, TjeerdJan; Nabuuma, Deborah
Women’s empowerment is of paramount importance in agriculture, food security and nutrition, making it the focal point of nutrition-sensitive agriculture (NSA) projects. However, the specific pathways and impacts of such interventions on women’s empowerment is still not fully understood, partly due to lacking of consensus of measurement approaches across projects. Moreover, understanding of men’s empowerment, which is integral to comprehensively grasping the dynamics of women’s empowerment, remains limited. In this study, we examined the empowerment level of ethnic minority men and women in Northern Vietnam, focusing on the impact of a gender-neutral NSA using the internationally validated pro-WEAI tool. The NSA included two interventions: nutrition and agriculture training, and seed provision. Our sample consisted of 1,160 individuals (609 women and 551 men) residing in 38 villages grouped into 36 clusters. Our findings showed that that both men and women experienced disempowerment, suggesting that both groups subjected to external constraints rather than gender stereotypes. However, women remained the more vulnerable groups compared to men in various domains. We also identified some impacts of both interventions on individual indicators within three domains of empowerment (3DE). After multiplicity correction, several effects remained significant, including effects of training intervention on women’s mobility, and seed provision on total score of intrinsic agency domains. These results not only contribute to the establishment of benchmarks for interpreting pro- WEAI scores across program, but also emphasize the importance of investigating the impact of development
Adaptation and integration of Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEA) and Nutrition Assessment Approaches and Tools into the Context of Northern Ghana (AIWNA). Qualitative Study on Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture in Northern and Savannah Regions of Ghana
(Report, 2023-12-19) Acheampong, P.; Snyder, K.
Application of the women empowerment in the livestock index (WELI) to livestock rearing households in Gushegu and Saboba districts in the Northern Ghana
(Report, 2023-12-19) Muktar, A.M.
Generating Revenues and Opportunities for Women to Improve Nutrition in Ghana (GROWING) Project. Baseline Report
(Report, 2023-09) Herforth, N.; Mohammed, I.; Temesgen, B.; Low, Jan W.
Quality Diets for Better Health: Growing Future Clubs Curriculum
(Manual, 2023-12) Emory University; People in Need
Dietary health clubs for ethnic minority women in Northern Vietnam improved diet quality through vegetable and nutrition capacity building and seed access.
(Case Study, 2023-10) Swaans, Cornelis P.M.; Nabuuma, Deborah
Dietary health clubs were formed as a platform for creating awareness and exchanging information and skills on vegetables (seeds, production) and nutrition to enhance demand for and utilization of diverse vegetables and quality seeds. The club facilitators have increased their agency as change agents and sources of information in the villages. There was an increase in ethnic minority women members’ access to information, improved knowledge and skills, and enhanced household vegetable availability and consumption and dietary diversity. This is contributing to household nutrition security.
Vegetable seed systems for ethnic minorities in northern Vietnam for enhanced nutrition and income
(Poster, 2022-07) Nabuuma, Deborah; Pham Thi, Huong Mai; Nguyen, Thi Phuong; Nguyen Thi, Lan Thuy; Hoang, Ky The; Ngo, Thi Hanh; Nguyen, Thi Tan Loc; Le, Nhu Thinh; Stomph, Tjeerd-Jan; Swaans, Cornelis Petrus Maria
Vegetables are a main source of nutrition and income for ethnic minority farmers in Vietnam’s Northern highlands. While the consumption of vegetables and value chains for fresh retail produce and seed markets offer huge opportunities for household nutrition security and development, and particularly women inclusion, current smallholder systems suffer from multiple problems. The Integrated vegetable seed systems development project addressed these issues by elucidating how, and under what conditions, increased access and use of high-quality seed translates into enhanced smallholder nutrition and income security. This poster provides the project highlights presented at the NL-CGIAR Conference, 2-3 November 2022.
Suitability and Potential Nutrient Contribution of Underutilized Foods in Community-Based Infant Foods in Northern Ghana
(Journal Article, 2023-06-01) Kubuga, C.K.; Bantiu, C.; Low, Jan W.
In rural Ghana, infant feeding is largely home-based or community-based yet less is known about the kinds of community-based infant foods and the ability of families to create a range of recipes for baby feeding using context-specific ingredients particularly in northern Ghana which has a high prevalence of malnutrition. In this explorative study on mothers (15–49 years; n = 46), we investigated community-based infant foods’ food group composition, enrichment, nutrient contribution, and acceptability. The identified community-based infant foods were mainly made of either corn or millet porridges in northern Ghana and had three nutrients with % RNI ≥ 70. We developed 38 recipes of enriched community-based infant foods adding underutilized foods (orange-fleshed sweet potato, pawpaw, cowpea, moringa, groundnut, Bambara beans, and soya beans) to increase the number of nutrients from three to at least five and at most nine nutrients with % RNI ≥ 70 based on the recipe combinations. The enriched community-based infant food recipes provided adequate caloric amounts and modest improvements in micronutrient content for infants (6–12 months). All recipes tested were deemed appropriate and acceptable for infants by mothers. Moringa and pawpaw emerged as the lowest-cost ingredients to add among the underutilized foods. Future research is necessary to assess the effectiveness of the new recipes at promoting linear growth and improving micronutrient status during the complementary feeding period.
Examining connections among seed system, nutrition and gender in Vietnam
(Blog Post, 2022-05-16) Consignado, Ysabel Anne Lee; Nabuuma, Deborah; Swaans, Cornelis
A blog about the importance and opportunity to evaluate the gender and empowerment within a vegetable seed system for nutrition project among ethnic minorities in North Vietnam
AIWNA Phase II Progress Report II: Consolidated findings - infant feeding and other dietary practices
(Report, 2022-09) Kubuga C.K.
Acceptability of cavies rearing by women as a source of protein and key micronutrients and as a source of income: A qualitative study conducted in the Saboba and Gushegu districts of the northern region of Ghana
(Report, 2022-09) Muizz Muktar, A.; Alhassan, M.
Gender research tools help design CGIAR projects for nutrition outcomes
(Blog Post, 2022-11-15) Go, Ara; Malapit, Hazel J.
Three CGIAR GENDER projects initiated in June last year are already proving their worth for researchers applying the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) and nutrition tools.
Testing tools to measure women’s empowerment in fisheries and aquaculture
(Blog Post, 2022-12-13) Rajaratnam, Surendran; Choudhury, Afrina; Adam, Rahma
To measure the impact of fisheries and aquaculture projects on women's empowerment and nutrition, it is important to have a reliable tool for data collection.
TH3.1: Women empowerment among ethnic minority communities in Northern Vietnam: Lessons from a seed system for nutrition intervention
(Presentation, 2022-10) Nabuuma, Deborah; Nguyen Thi Thuy Lan; Hoang The Ky; Kramer, Berber; Berg, Marrit van den; Ngo Thi Hanh; Stomph, TjeerdJan; Swaans, Cornelis P.M.
Vegetables are important for nutrition and income in Vietnam's Northern Upland, yet production is constrained by inadequate access to quality seed. In a project investigating impact pathways from seeds to nutrition among Mai Son district and Sa Pa Township ethnic minorities, a gap regarding level of women empowerment and its linkages with project outcomes and potential recommendations was identified. Pro-WEAI quantitative and qualitative methodologies were applied during the endline to explore women empowerment among H'mong, Dao and Thai ethnic minority groups - 611 households in 36 villages and 28 FGDs in 14 villages. Empowerment was higher among men than women, the Thai than other ethnicities, and in Mai Son. Empowerment of women and men in Mai Son was 13% and 45% and, in Sa Pa, at 4% and 6%, respectively. The average empowerment gap between women without gender parity and men in their households was 39% in Mai Son and 53% in Sa Pa. Across gender, ethnic group and location, all groups had <10% empowered except Thai men (48%), Hmong men (36%) and Thai women (18%) in Mai Son. Main disempowerment drivers included work balance, control over income use and mobility. Qualitative results indicated the project increased in nutrition knowledge and skills and had limited impact on empowerment which was attributed to food related activities being women's responsibility. Since women's high workload appears related to existing gender norms and stereotypes, seed system and nutrition intervention impact can be strengthened by labour-sensitive and accessible innovations and addressing the location specific barriers.
TH3.1: Women's empowerment and improved nutrition: An assessment of a project in Bangladesh using an adapted version of Pro-WEAI for small-scale fisheries and aquaculture (Pro-WEFI)
(Presentation, 2022-10) Adam, Rahma; Rajaratnam, Surendran; Choudhury, Afrina; Subian, Farha Deba
WEFI Tool Package
(Dataset) McDougall, Cynthia; Kruijssen, Froukje; Sproule, Katie; Serfilippi, Elena; Rajaratnam, Surendran; Newton, Julie; Adam, Rahma
The WEFI Tool Package includes the following files: A -WEFI: Abbreviated Womens empowerment in Fisheries Index; Pro-WEFI: Project Womens empowerment in Fisheries Index, WEFI DO files and pro-wefi questionnaire.
Vegetable seed systems among ethnic minority communities in northern Vietnam
(Brief, 2021-11) Nabuuma, Deborah; Swaans, Cornelis P.M.; Pham, Thi Mai Huong; Hoang, The Ky; Nguyen, Thi Tan Loc; Ngo, Thi Hanh; Stomph, Tjeerd-Jan
Despite the potential of vegetables for nutrition and income in Northern Vietnam, inadequate access to quality seed is a major constraint affecting production, diversity and diet quality. Both self-saved seed and bought seed are important sources for farmers and are linked to the primary purpose of production, market access, seed production knowledge and skills, and trustworthiness of the source. Vegetable diversity, seasonal availability and seed access varies with ethnic group, location, type of and specific vegetables requiring contextualisation of nutrition-sensitive interventions. There are opportunities for farmer sharing and exchange of seeds, vegetables, and knowledge, for safeguarding diversity, promote dietary quality, and improve farmer income.

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