CIP Book Chapters
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Item Resiliencia y crisis: el nexo agrobiodiversidad-alimentación-nutrición en la pandemia del covid-19 entre comunidades campesinas del Perú y los Andes(Book Chapter, 2024) Zimmerer, K.S.; Diez, A.; Tubbeh, R.; Jones, A.; Meza, K.; Haan, Stef de; Creed, H.; Tello, M.; Ochoa, J.La biodiversidad en los sistemas agroalimentarios permite una lectura crítica sobre las posibilidades de una alimentación accesible y de alto valor nutritivo para el bienestar de las poblaciones rurales. Nuestro estudio analiza el nexo entre la agrobiodiversidad y la nutrición a partir de las respuestas frente al covid-19 durante y tras la pandemia, en comunidades campesinas en tres áreas de Huánuco. Aplicamos entrevistas y grupos focales entre los años 2021 y 2023. Identificamos cuatro resultados principales. Primero, se demostraron altos niveles de manejo de la utilización de agrobiodiversidad para alimentación y nutrición a nivel de individuos, hogares y comunidades como respuesta de supervivencia ante la pandemia. En segundo lugar, el uso de la biodiversidad muestra evidencia de resiliencia ante impactos, así como los roles del conocimiento local, la dinámica del desarrollo ambiental, la diversificación de los modos de vida, incluyendo la migración y el fenómeno de los retornantes, relaciones de género, el Estado y las historias y dinámicas agrarias actuales. En tercer lugar, destacan numerosos impactos graves que prevalecieron durante y después de la pandemia. Estos impactos ocurrieron en intersección con otras crisis agrarias, como las nuevas y poderosas versiones del «doble apretón reproductivo»1. En cuarto lugar, nuestros resultados ilustran las diferencias espaciales relacionadas con la urbanización y las dinámicas de diversificación de los medios de vida entre las tres áreas estudiadas: un espacio periurbano, una zona rural relativamente aislada y un área altamente conectada a la mercantilización de productos agrícolas para los mercados nacionales e internacionales. En conclusión: las comunidades se beneficiaron de ventajas notables de agrobiodiversidad y nutrición que ofrecieron una medida significativa de resiliencia a los choques de la pandemia.Item The Future of Crop Improvement in Sweetpotato: Merging Traditional and Genomic-Assisted Breeding Methods(Book Chapter, 2024-09-22) Oloka, B.; Da Silva, C.C.; Azevedo, C.F.; Unzimai, I.V.; Yada, B.; Grüneberg, W.J.; Andrade, M.I.; Pecota, K.V.; Silva Pereira, G. da; Yencho, G.C.Crop improvement in sweetpotato has progressed slowly in many parts of the world largely due to its significant genetic complexity arising from its large autohexaploid genome, high heterozygosity, and self and cross-incompatibilities. New breeding tools have been developed to better understand this crop and its important agronomic and culinary traits. These tools and their application are reviewed here, and the path forward has been proposed. By incorporating these new genomic tools into breeding programs routinely alongside the traditional methods, crop improvement can be accelerated, leading to the delivery of clones with better genetics to farmers more quickly. This integration of genomics could propel sweetpotato into a new era, ultimately enhancing its productivity and profitability, which is crucial given the growing global population.Item Feminist approaches to situated knowledge production: Urban flood management in Can Tho City, Vietnam(Book Chapter, 2025) Ly Quoc Dang; Kawarazuka, NozomiThe main objective of this chapter is to identify and understand how women use knowledge about flooding as a tool for agency and empowerment. The concept we use is women’s empowerment linked to women’s agency and their situated knowledge during floods. These concepts are applied through the intersection of gender, class, age, and disability. Qualitative data collection included a household survey, in-depth interviews with women and relevant actors, and participant observation. We found that women were able to leverage their knowledge to reshape flood outcomes. Women who were successful in this regard used knowledge areas such as learning from their own experience and others and mobilizing resources through social networks to achieve their goals. During the floods, their concerns and experiences are closely related to their gender roles and responsibilities in childcare and housework. Women coped well with caring for their children and doing housework, among other productive and reproductive activities. Another experience is related to their bodies, and the women expressed the 13 different emotional feelings they used to negotiate with their husbands, relatives, neighbors, local authorities, and others to reduce flood risks and address flood situations. The last experience was related to their role in household financial management. Women were the ones who saved, loaned, and borrowed money from different people to contribute to flood management. Regarding the participation of women in social networks, we found that women engaged and proposed new technical solutions to reduce the risks of flooding disasters through negotiations with their friends, neighbors, relatives, and other community members. In addition, they used different social networks to communicate to obtain information related to flood risks and management. Among the women who participated in this research, older and disabled women were more marginalized and less able to overcome flooding than other women due to their physical limitations and lower levels of social and family support. These women have a risk of being further marginalized through increasing climate-induced disasters. Specific policies and development programs are therefore required to help empower these most vulnerable women.Item The Tyranny of Tools: The Politics of Knowledge Production in Gender Research(Book Chapter, 2024-10-08) Cullen, B.; Lefore, N.; Debevec, L.; Snyder, K.A.This chapter examines the trajectory of analytical frameworks and gender tools intended to understand and address the challenges and inequities that shape women’s engagement in agriculture. We argue that while a focus on tools in many agricultural development projects can help to identify barriers faced by women, it often does little to address the structural inequality in which women are embedded. We highlight the tendencies of tool-led gender analysis within agricultural projects to: (1) detach tools from their theoretical frameworks, (2) ignore the structural and socio-political obstacles to gender equality in specific contexts, and (3) view tools as silver bullets to address “gender problems” while primarily serving technical agendas. We argue that the co-option, sanitization and de-politicization of gender tools is partly the result of social scientists having to fit within institutional systems dominated by certain scientific logics, frameworks, disciplinary orientations, and social norms. We recommend that meaningful attempts to facilitate gender equality and women’s empowerment should be based on politically informed, contextualized understandings that are relevant to people’s lived realities, rather than concepts, tools, and data that are externally constructed and applied by outsiders to meet normative scientific, donor, and development agendas.Item Critical reflections towards re-politicizing gender in agriculture(Book Chapter, 2024-10-08) Njuki, J.; Tufan, H.A.; Polar, Vivian; Campos, HugoAdvancing gender equality in agriculture is an inherently political process. In providing a conclusion to an excellent set of chapters that provide critical reflections on how to navigate this political process, we call for a paradigm shift- from fixing women to fixing systems that are inequitable, unjust and undemocratic. We propose four critical steps for doing this. First is to acknowldege the gendered hierarchies and power dynamics built into the agriculture sector. Second, recognize the interconnectedness of women’s lives. Third, bring women’s rights to the fore. And fourth, re-engineer patriarchal organizations and systems to address gender-based discrimination.Item An Intersectional Approach to Agricultural Research for Development (AR4D)(Book Chapter, 2024-10-08) Tavenner, K.; Crane, T.A.; Bullock, R.; Galiè, A.; Campos, Hugo; Katothya, G.Originating nearly 40 years ago in black feminist thought, the concept of intersectionality has become established as an analytical lens and social theory to account for and better understand multiple and compounding identities and how they influence discrimination and privilege. Within agricultural research for development (AR4D), intersectional approaches are relatively novel compared to traditional gender and social analyses, and to date there are limited tools and empirical studies in AR4D that have adopted such an approach. Without a strong conceptual and methodological foundation, future intersectional approaches in AR4D risk treating multiple identities as standalone “tick box” variables, and not as a holistic way of understanding and addressing these multiple sources of marginalization. To emphasize the potential value-addition of deeper engagement with intersectionality, this chapter outlines the state-of-the-field on intersectional analyses in AR4D and how they are situated within wider gender mainstreaming in international development. Using an empirical case study on index-based livestock insurance (IBLI) in Northern Kenya, the chapter demonstrates an intersectional analysis in AR4D, based on a new conceptual framework and method (Tavenner et al. Gend Technol Dev 26(3):385–403, 2022). This chapter explores how AR4D can deepen its understanding of intersectionality and the potential integration of this concept in a meaningful way that supports addressing multiple layers of inequalities and marginalization in agricultural research methods and practice.Item From Power to Women’s Empowerment: The Missing Links(Book Chapter, 2024-10-08) Polar, Vivian; Poole, N.This chapter explores the instrumentalization of women’s empowerment in agricultural research for development, with particular attention on critically examining how the concept of empowerment has become understood as an externalized process that can be bestowed on women through production-oriented interventions. The chapter explores multiple manifestations of power and depicts their occurrence through experiences of women and men farmers in the Andean region. It analyzes how the use of empowerment has deviated from building agency and disrupting power dynamics, highlighting the need for a feminist and transformative conceptualization and operationalization of empowerment in the agricultural sector.Item Introduction: The Politics of Gender and Agriculture(Book Chapter, 2024-10-08) Njuki, J.; Tufan, H.A.; Polar, Vivian; Campos, Hugo; Morgan-Bell, M.; Wilde, V.As researchers and practitioners at various stages of our careers and from diverse disciplines, with many decades of collective experience, we have witnessed an evolution in the theory and practice of gender and agriculture. What compelled us to put this book together was a growing sense of frustration from the global community of gender and agriculture researchers with the pervasive co-option of the “gender agenda”, along with a de-politization of its critical theories and interventions with roots in radical change. We recognize this book is a synopsis of only some possible perspectives, but in reaching out to authors to contribute, it was our aim to create an opportunity to publish the things they felt are urgent today, but perhaps felt were too disruptive, challenging or without enough space in the mainstream body of literature. In what follows, we question some of the assumptions that underpin agricultural research and development, make clear our support for the nascent rise of more feminist and rights-based development models, and set the scene for this book. We call for a reset.Item Chapter 11 - Traditional uses, processing, and markets: the case of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)(Book Chapter, 2024-09-27) Heider, B.; Paredes, N.J.; Sørensen, M.As an ancient Latin American and major root crop, the sweetpotato has a long domestication history involving large areas in Central and South America. The sweetpotato forms an important ingredient in numerous traditional diets. Processing enables the usability of sweetpotato in various forms for longer durations. All the plant parts, roots, vines, and young leaves are used as foods, animal feeds, and traditional medicine worldwide. Postharvest processing of sweetpotato involves grading and sorting, cleaning, peeling, drying or secondary processing, and storage. Most of the dry matter in the sweetpotato consists of carbohydrates, primarily starch and sugars. Residues from sweetpotato starch and juice processing of commercial varieties are useful sources of dietary fiber. Among the novel processed uses are purée, juice, and canned, frozen, dried, and snack products. Commercial utility of sweetpotato is comprised of conventional and composite ingredient-based foods, starch, and industrial products.Item The causes and control of virus diseases of sweetpotato in developing countries: is sweetpotato virus disease the main problem(Book Chapter, 1999) Carey, E.E.; Gibson, R.W.; Fuentes, S.; Machmud, M.; Mwanga, R.O.M.; Turyamureeba, G.; Zhang, L.; Ma, D.; Abo El-Abbas, F.; ElBedewy, R.; Salazar, L.Virus diseases can pose a significant constraint to sweetpotato production (Mukibii, 1977; Hahn 1979). As a result of the historical neglect of sweetpotato research in most developing countries, our knowledge of sweetpotato viruses, their importance, distribution, and control are still rather limited. However, recent studies on the occurrence of sweetpotato viruses in a number of countries are helping to clarify our understanding of the global importance of sweetpotato viruses, and to define control strategies. An array of complementary techniques are being used. They include diagnostic methods for the detection of specific viruses, pathogen-tested planting materials for the assessment of yield loss due to viruses, and host plant resistance to virus diseases.Item Sweetpotato for the new millennium: trends in production and utilization in developing countries(Book Chapter, 1999) Scott, G.J.; Maldonado, L.Item Beyond higher yields: the impact of sweetpotato integrated crop management and farmer field schools in Indonesia(Book Chapter, 1999) Fliert, E. van de; Johnson, N.; Asmunati, R.; WiyantoA pilot program of sweetpotato (/pomoea batatas (L.) Lam) integrated crop management (ICM)-farmer field schools (FFSs) was implemented in six communities in Indonesia, using protocols developed jointly by a team of farmers, researchers, and development workers. Monitoring and evaluation studies showed that participation in the FFS enhanced farmers' crop management knowledge and skills. Several of their changed cultivation practices led to increased net income as a result of reduced cultivation costs and/or increased yields. Farmer participation in research was shown to have contributed to the relevancy, appropriateness, and impact of the sweetpotato ICM-FFS protocols.Item Biological and selective control of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hom.:Aleyrodidae)(Book Chapter, 1999) Cisneros, F.; Mujica, N.Item Global Distribution of Sweetpotato(Book Chapter, 1999) Hijmans, R.J.; Huaccho, L.; Zhang, D.P.Item Expression of soybean proteinase inhibitor in sweetpotato(Book Chapter, 1999) Cipriani, G.; Michaud, D.; Brunelle, F.; Golmirzaie, A.; Zhang, D.P.Item Starch content and properties of 106 sweetpotato clones from the World Germplasm collection held at CIP, Peru(Book Chapter, 1999) Braber, C.; Reynoso, D.; Dufour, D.L.; Mestres, C.; Arredondo, J.; Scott, G.Item In Vitro conservation of potato and sweetpotato Germplasm(Book Chapter, 1999) Golmirzaie, A.; Toledo, J.Item Sweetpotato in Ugandan food systems: enhancing food security and alleviating poverty(Book Chapter, 1999) Scott, G.J.; Otieno, J.; Ferris, S.B.; Muganga, A.K.; Maldonado, L.Item Global projections for potato and sweet potato to the year 2020(Book Chapter, 1999) Scott, G.J.; Rosegrant, Mark W.; Ringler, Claudia; Maldonado, L.Item Microsatellite Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Sweetpotato Varieties from Latin America(Book Chapter, 1999) Zhang, D.P.; Carbajulca, D.; Ojeda, L.; Rossel, G.; Milla, S.; Herrera, C.; Ghislain, M.