Agricultural Water Management Transformations (AWMT)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/140557

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    Plant hygiene management for safe vegetable cultivation
    (Video, 2025-05-14) International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
    This video is produced by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in partnership with the Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka (DoA), and the World Vegetable Center under the CGIAR Science Program on “Better Diets and Nutrition” (BDN). The video educates farmers on the importance of maintaining good hygienic practices in vegetable cultivation and guides them on some key hygienic practices for safe production. We would like to thank all funders who support this research through their contributions to the CGIAR Trust Fund.
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    Assessing the potential outcomes of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS)
    (Brief, 2025-04-30) Alam, Mohammad Faiz ; Taneja, Garima; Malaiappan, Sudharsan; Sikka, Alok; Purohit, J.; Dohm, S.
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    Co-designing inclusive landscape management plans: a training manual
    (Training Material, 2025-03-01) Nartey, Eric G.; Atampugre, Gerald; Bobtoya, Saadia; Amponsah, Andoh Kwaku; Musana, B.; Igbadun, H.; Niyuhire, M. C.; Tilahun, Seifu
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    Overcoming barriers to the adoption of water-saving technologies in Jordan: policy pathways for transforming knowledge, attitudes and practices
    (Brief, 2025-03-26) Al-Zubi, Maha; Amdar, Nafn; Brouziyne, Youssef
    Jordan faces severe water scarcity, worsened by rapid population growth, climate change, and overuse of limited groundwater. With per capita water availability at just 61 m³/year—well below the global threshold of 500 m³/year—Jordan is one of the most water-scarce countries. Agriculture, which consumes 48% of the country's freshwater, is particularly affected. The sector relies on inefficient irrigation, leading to low water productivity, especially in the highlands, where productivity is only JOD 0.36 per m³, much lower than the potential achievable with Water Saving Technologies (WSTs).Several challenges hinder the adoption of WSTs, including financial constraints, limited extension services, technical gaps, and unequal access, particularly for smallholders and marginalized communities. The lack of pre- and post-installation support from WST suppliers and extension services limits the effectiveness of these technologies. Without adequate guidance, many farmers struggle to integrate them into their farming practices, preventing full utilization. Therefore, aligning farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) with water conservation goals is essential for the successful adoption of WSTs. To address these challenges, research and tailored support are crucial. Researchers can identify obstacles to WST adoption, while practitioners can offer targeted support to overcome these issues. Policymakers can create policies that encourage WST adoption through financial incentives, education, and research. Education and awareness campaigns can help farmers understand the benefits of WSTs, while financial mechanisms, like subsidies or low-interest loans, can make these technologies more accessible.A farmer-centric approach is key to driving adoption. A Market Systems Development (MSD) strategy, which improves the entire market system surrounding WSTs, can promote wider adoption. Peer learning, where farmers share experiences and knowledge, can boost confidence in these technologies. Extension services play an important role by providing ongoing support and helping farmers adapt technologies to their needs. In conclusion, overcoming barriers to WST adoption and aligning farmers’ practices with water conservation goals is crucial for Jordan’s agricultural sustainability. With targeted education, financial support, and strong extension services, Jordan can ensure long-term water security and agricultural productivity.
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    Applying citizen science to water security challenges in Ethiopia: a structured approach
    (Brief, 2025-03-03) Haile, Alemseged Tamiru; Tedla, H. Z.; Mengistie, G. K.; Gebre, E. S.; Nigussie, Likimyelesh; Haileslassie, Amare; Nicol, Alan
    Citizen science (CS) is an important approach to involve the public in scientific research and contribute to addressing water security issues. CS programs, led by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and local partners in Ethiopia, meaningfully engage communities in data collection and knowledge co-generation. However, challenges such as limited resources, data quality issues and lack of awareness among decision-makers highlight the need for training, sustained funding and alignment with local problems. The technical brief emphasizes the importance of leveraging CS to fill hydrometeorological monitoring gaps, ensuring data accuracy and community engagement, and developing frameworks for expanding CS programs. By aligning with community needs and fostering inclusive participation, CS can strengthen water security initiatives in Ethiopia, creating a foundation for sustainable and locally relevant solutions to water management.
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    Inclusive landscape management plan for resilient agri-food system in the Nyamagana landscape in Burundi
    (Report, 2024-12-30) Niyuhire, M. C.; Atampugre, Gerald; Tilahun, Seifu Admassu; Cofie, Olufunke; Havyarimana, D.; Niyoyankunze, J. M. V.
    The Inclusive Landscape Management (ILM) is a comprehensive approach to landscape management that considers the needs of all stakeholders, with particular focus on the local communities. The primary aim of the Inclusive Landscape Management Plan (ILMP) for Cibitoke Province in Burundi is to establish a framework that promotes sustainable landscape management and development. This initiative, part of the TAFS-WCA project, seeks to mitigate increasing pressures on landscapes caused by deforestation, land degradation, poor water management, unsustainable mining practices, and climate change. The ILMP emphasizes the integration of social and ecological systems, while encouraging local participation and promoting sustainable resource management. It is grounded in extensive stakeholder engagement and shared ownership of decision-making. The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) collaborated with gender and social inclusion experts, local informants, and community members from the Nyamagana micro-watershed to develop this plan. The initial phase involved crafting a narrative to inspire inclusive landscape management in the region, followed by an assessment of current conditions and the identification of key challenges and opportunities. The Institute of Agronomic Sciences of Burundi (ISABU) research team and stakeholders formulated management strategies to enhance the social-ecological landscape of Nyamagana. These strategies are designed to address core issues while achieving desired outcomes. The collective vision guiding the ILMP is "to sustainably co-harvest landscape resources in a transparent and accountable manner to foster resilient communities and healthy ecosystems in Nyamagana." Stakeholders proposed various response strategies, including improved agricultural systems, enhanced irrigation infrastructure, adoption of better seeds, restoration of soil and forests, and upgrading of farmers' skills and practices. The ILMP is a living document that will be regularly updated to adapt to environmental changes and evolving stakeholder needs. It serves as a vital resource for promoting inclusive and sustainable landscape management within the Nyamagana social-ecological sub-watershed and across Cibitoke Province.
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    WEF-Nexus Decision Support System (DSS): a sustainability and resilience tool for India
    (Brief, 2024-12-30) Sena, Dipaka Ranjan; Alam, Mohammed Faiz; Chaudhary, Shivam; Chandu, Navya; Behera, Abhijit; Sharma, Ruchi; Sikka, Alok; McCartney, Matthew P.; Hafeez, Mohsin
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    Gender equality and social inclusion in landscape management: the case of Nyamasheke and Rusizi districts in Rwanda
    (Report, 2024-12-30) Nigussie, Likimyelesh; Osei-Amponsah, Charity; Muhorakeye, L.; Uwanyirigira, D.; Tilahun, Seifu; Atampugre, Gerald; Cofie, Olufunke
    Gender Equality and Social Inclusion in agriculture and natural resource management is crucial for addressing climate change and land degradation. In Rwanda, laws and policies support gender equality and environmental sustainability. Despite efforts to involve both genders in decision-making, power dynamics persist, impacting landscape management priorities, knowledge valuation, resource rights, benefits distribution, and decision processes. This study investigates the interplay between gender and multiple identities, including marital status, socioeconomic status, and age, alongside power dynamics. It emphasizes how these factors affect rights to resources, the transfer of knowledge and skills, and the impact on participation in decision-making processes which are essential for effective landscape management in the Rubyiro Sub-Catchment located in Rwanda's Rusizi and Nyamasheke districts. It is a qualitative study based on data gathered in May and June 2024 using eight key informant interviews (four men and four women), 20 household interviews (ten men and ten women), and eight focus group discussions (four with men groups and four with women groups). The results suggest that the Government of Rwanda has put in place legal frameworks to advance environmental sustainability, gender equality, and sustainable development. However, the experiences of farmers, regardless of gender, highlight that age, gender, socio-economic conditions, and power relations significantly impact their rights to resources, their capacity to voice opinions, and their representation in landscape management, thereby affecting its effectiveness. The following are the three primary key results and recommendations. • The study reveals that both genders, particularly younger men, and women from resourcepoor households, face limited access to resources like land, water, and financial support due to poverty and patriarchal cultures. This leads to unsustainable practices, limited economic opportunities, and limited eco-friendly livelihoods. Addressing these challenges requires interventions that focus on the needs, priorities, barriers, and challenges of the diverse social groups, and ensure access to resources and services, and benefits. • Male heads in households often control information, creating a gender and generational gap in ecological knowledge. Gender disparities in priorities and knowledge also exist in landscape management, with women prioritizing adaptive strategies for food security and men prioritizing economic gains over sustainability. To effectively address the gender gaps in ecological knowledge in the context of landscape management, it is vital to pursue inclusive educational and communication strategies. This includes organizing community workshops that cater to men and women from diverse social group, focusing on the food security priorities of women, and creating platforms for dialogue across generations. Moreover, it is necessary to establish gender-sensitive policies and harness technology to facilitate the broad dissemination of information. • The research also reveals significant differences in leadership roles and decision-making between men and women, due to patriarchal norms and economic challenges. Women are underrepresented in conservation decision-making due to domestic duties and poverty, further marginalizing their voices. Limited involvement of women, men, and youth from diverse social groups in landscape management decision-making processes perpetuates cycles of poverty and poor resource use. We recommend adopting interventions that address the barriers to enhance equitable participation in leadership positions, while promoting gender-sensitive practices and fostering collaboration.
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    Advancing sustainable and resilient agriculture in Eastern Nepal's middle hills
    (Video, 2025-02-10) International Water Management Institute
    In Nepal’s middle hills, small landholdings and persistent challenges—such as limited irrigation, transportation, and market access—have long constrained commercial farming and mono-cropping. However, mixed farming systems are proving to be a resilient and sustainable solution for these communities. Through the CGIAR Initiative on Mixed Farming Systems (MFS), IWMI, in collaboration with research and implementation partners, is driving sustainable agricultural intensification in pilot areas. This initiative is helping farmers diversify risks, optimize labour, and enhance productivity—all while safeguarding the environment. Key interventions include promoting efficient water management through micro-irrigation, multiple water use systems, and rainwater harvesting. Additionally, the initiative has strengthened entrepreneurship skills among female and smallholder farmers while fostering stronger networks and collaboration across diverse farming groups. These efforts are making agriculture in Nepal’s hills more sustainable, efficient, and inclusive. With promising results, the initiative holds significant potential for scaling across the region.
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    Mixed farming systems initiative enhances productivity and resilience in Nepal’s hill agriculture
    (Video, 2025-01-30) International Water Management Institute
    In Nepal’s middle hills, small landholdings and challenges like limited irrigation, transportation, and market access have long hindered commercial farming and mono-cropping. However, mixed farming remains a resilient and sustainable solution for these communities. Through the CGIAR Initiative on Mixed Farming Systems (MFS), IWMI, in collaboration with International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and research and implementation partners, has been working to intensify sustainable agriculture in pilot areas. As a result, farmers are now diversifying risks, optimizing labour, and increasing productivity—all while preserving the environment. The initiative has also introduced socio-technical innovations tailored for women and elderly farmers, strengthened entrepreneurship skills among female and smallholder farmers, and fostered stronger networks among diverse farming groups. These interventions have made farming in Nepal’s hills more sustainable, efficient, and inclusive, and with promising results, have demonstrated potential to scale.
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    Inclusive landscape management plan for the transformation of agrifood systems in the Doma-Rutu socio-ecological landscape, Nigeria
    (Report, 2024-12-30) Igbadun, H. E.; Ojeleye, Oluwaseun Adebayo; Oke, Adebayo; Atampugre, Gerald; Tilahun, Seifu; Ismail, H.; Jonathan, J.; Cofie, Olufunke
    The Doma-Rutu socio-ecological landscape in Nasarawa State, Nigeria, faces several socio-ecological challenges such as deforestation, water pollution, and unsustainable land-use practices. To address these issues, the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) under the CGIAR Initiative on West and Central Africa AgriFood Systems Transformation (TAFS-WCA) has facilitated the co-development of a comprehensive Inclusive Landscape Management Plan (ILMP). The ILMP is a collaborative effort involving contributions from stakeholders such as the government, local communities, marginalized groups, NGOs, and research institutions.
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    NEXUS Gains in the Ganges River Basin: India, Nepal
    (Brief, 2024-12-30) CGIAR Initiative on NEXUS Gains
    A NEXUS Gains transboundary river basin brief shares examples of the Initiative’s work across five work packages in the Ganges Basin, covering India and Nepal.
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    Performance evaluations of CMIP6 model simulations and future projections of rainfall and temperature in the Bale Eco-Region, Southern Ethiopia
    (Journal Article, 2024-06-01) Gashaw, Temesgen; Abeyou, Abeyou; Teferi Taye, Meron; Belay Lakew, Haileyesus; Seid, Abdulkarim; Haileslassie, Amare
    Identifying best performing climate models is indispensable for better understanding of the future climate and its impact as well as for planning effective climate change adaptation and mitigation measures. This research aims to identify the best performing Global Climate Models (GCMs) products from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) in simulating rainfall and temperature in the Bale Eco-Region (BER), Southern Ethiopia. In this study, evaluations were performed for ten CMIP6 GCMs against observed and reanalysis rainfall and temperature products in terms of how well the GCMs reproduce rainfall, maximum temperature (Tmax) and minimum temperature (Tmin) from daily to annual temporal scales during 1995–2014 period. Performance evaluations were performed using the Comprehensive Rating Index (CRI), which is based on four statistical metrics. The best performing CMIP6 model(s) were bias-corrected by Distribution Mapping (DM) for future climate analysis at different agro-ecological zones (AEZs) and at the eco-region level. The study used projections of climate variables in the near future (2021–2040), mid-century (2041–2060) and late century (2081–2100) periods. Three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) were considered as future climate scenarios. The result indicated that BCC-CSM2-MR, CNRM-CM6-1 and MRI-ESM2-0 are relatively better for simulating the rainfall climatology of the BER from the daily to annual temporal scales. EC-Earth3, Ec-Earth3-Veg and MPI-ESM1-2-LR are also comparatively better for simulating Tmax while CNRM-CM6-1, EC-Earth3-Veg and EC-Earth3 outperformed for simulating Tmin in the studied temporal scales. After careful evaluations, climate change analysis was performed using the ensemble mean of BCC-CSM2-MR, CNRM-CM6-1 and MRI-ESM2-0 for rainfall, EC-Earth3 for Tmax and the ensemble mean of CNRM-CM6-1 and EC-Earth3-Veg for Tmin. Accordingly, the annual rainfall is expected to decrease in the near future in the three scenarios in the alpine (2–5%), temperate (11–14%) and sub-tropical (7–9%) AEZs as well as the BER spatial scales (2–5%), but rainfall is expected to increase in the late century period. In contrast, rainfall is expected to increase in the tropical AEZ in both the near future (3–11%) and late century (25–45%) periods. In the mid-century period, rainfall is expected to increase in the tropical AEZ in all the three scenarios, but it exhibits different directions of changes in the remaining AEZs and BER scale at different scenarios. The finding also revealed an expected increase in both Tmax and Tmin in the different AEZs as well as the BER scale, but the projected temperature increase is high in temperate AEZ. The projected increase of rainfall in the near future in tropical AEZ may reduce the frequently occurring droughts mainly in the lowland parts of the BER. Conversely, the reductions of rainfall in the remaining AEZs may introduce challenges for agriculture, water resources as well as endemic animals. The findings of this study justifies the need for climate models evaluation for each climate variables in order to choose the most appropriate models for localized climate change impact and adaptation studies. In addition, this study also suggested projections of future climate for different AEZs for better decision-making process for the specific AEZs.
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    Using nexus tools to evaluate water, energy, food, and ecosystems policies in the Ganges Basin, India.
    (News Item, 2024-12-16) Singh, Vartika; Alam, Mohammad Faiz; Sharma, Ruchi
    A review of policies and programs on water, energy, food, and ecosystems in India showed that multiple policies have been enacted; however, these policies rarely consider the impact on other sectors, and associated programs significantly overlap in terms of objectives and goals. For this reason, since 2022, NEXUS Gains has developed methodologies and tools to enable the assessment of WEFE policy scenarios for synergistic action in India.
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    Vegetables in rural Sri Lanka: Availability and consumer preferences elicited from gendered group discussions
    (Presentation, 2024-11-21) Krishna, Vijesh; Sarawathy, Akhil R.; Aheeyar, Mohamed; Wijetunga, Chatura Sewwandi; Mahindarathne, Prasad; Geetha, Rosalin; Ramasamy, Srinivasan
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    Sustainable formulae for mixed farming in Middle Hills of Nepal
    (Opinion Piece, 2024-08-21) K. C., Jibesh; Neupane, Nilhari
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    Seed treatment for pole bean cultivation
    (Video, 2024-12-05) International Water Management Institute
    This is a video tutorial for farmers on chemical seed treatment for pole bean cultivation and guides on the importance of seed treatment in general. The video was produced by the International Water Management Institute in partnership with the Department of Agriculture, Sri Lanka and the World Vegetable Center under the CGIAR Initiative on Fruit and Vegetables for Sustainable Healthy Diets.