CGIAR Initiative on Transforming Agrifood Systems in South Asia

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/117910

Part of the CGIAR Action Area on Resilient Agrifood Systems

Primary CGIAR impact area: Nutrition, health and food security

https://www.cgiar.org/initiative/20-transforming-agrifood-systems-in-south-asia-tafssa/

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Detection of Fall Armyworm infestation in maize fields during vegetative growth stages using temporal Sentinel-2
(Journal Article, 2025-05) Dzurume, Tatenda; Darvishzadeh, Roshanak; Dube, Timothy; Amjath Babu, T.S.; Billah, Mutasim; Syed Nurul Alam; Kamal, Mustafa; Md. Harun-Or-Rashid; Biswas, Badal Chandra; Md. Ashraf Uddin; Md. Abdul Muyeed; Md Mostafizur Rahman Shah; Krupnik, Timothy J.; Nelson, Andrew
Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), poses a significant risk to global food and income security by attacking various crops, particularly maize. Early detection and management of FAW infestation are crucial for mitigating its impact on crop yields. This study investigated the effect of FAW infestation on the spectral signature of maize fields and classified infestation severity in Bangladesh using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and Random Forest (RF) classification. Field observations on FAW infestation severity (none, moderate, and severe), collected by the Bangladesh Department of Agricultural Extension during 2019 and 2020, were used to train the RF classifier. Six thousand nine hundred ninety-eight observations were collected from 579 maize fields through weekly scouting. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s post-hoc test were applied to identify the most significant spectral bands (P < 0.05) for detecting FAW incidence and severity across different maize growth stages. The results demonstrated that the spectral reflectance from Sentinel-2 bands varied significantly among different classes of FAW infestation, with noticeable differences observed during the early developmental stages of maize (vegetative growth stages 3 to 8). RF identified nine spectral bands and two spectral vegetation indices as important for FAW infestation discrimination. The RF classifier was evaluated using five-fold cross-validation, achieving an overall accuracy between 74 % and 84 %. The independent test set’s accuracy ranged from 72 % to 82 %. The mean multiclass AUC ranged from 0.83 to 0.95. Moreover, the results demonstrated the feasibility of detecting the severity of FAW infestation using temporal Sentinel-2 data and machine learning techniques. These findings underscore the potential of remote sensing and machine learning techniques for effectively monitoring and managing crop pests. The study provides valuable insights for classifying FAW infestation using high-resolution multitemporal data.
Smallholder farmer insights on information systems: current use and future needs in the Eastern Gangetic Plains
(Journal Article, 2025) Karki, Emma S.; Karmacharya, Saurya; Ghosh, Arunava; Rana, Gunjan; Chakma, Kali Ratan; Timsina, Pragya; Chaudhary, Anjana; Nandi, Ravi
Purpose: The Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) region is characterized by resource-poor smallholder farmers, high dependence on agriculture, poor market infrastructure, limited access to new technologies, and frequent climate aberrations. These challenges underscore the need for a robust agricultural information system to enhance food security and agricultural productivity. Methodology/Approach: This study examines current access to existing information channels and identifies preferences for future information delivery and dissemination mechanisms from the perspective of small holder farmers in the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) through empirical data collected from 1,440 households in India, Nepal and Bangladesh. Findings: Results from all locations indicate (i) heavy reliance on informal sources like agrovets and village peers in the absence of a robust extension system, (ii) strong preference for more formal, government-driven information sources (iii) need for a pluralistic approach to information dissemination, integrating public, private, and community-based sources to meet diverse farmer needs and (iv) training was the most preferred method of information dissemination. Practical implications: The results advocate for policy changes and the development of inclusive, innovative extension systems to better serve smallholder farmers, ensuring improved access to valuable information and fostering agricultural development in the EGP. Theoretical implications: This study contributes to the literature on farmer's current and future preferences for both agricultural and off-farm activities in the EGP highlighting the role of pluralistic agriculture extension. Value: This paper addresses a gap in literature by examining the perceptions of smallholder farmers on their current and future information sources for agricultural and off-farm activities in the EGP, a region that lacks literature regarding information systems.
Guilty pleasures: Expenditure elasticities of ultra-processed foods and paid meals in India
(Working Paper, 2025-03-26) Kishore, Avinash; Gupta, Manavi
The rising consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and paid food away from home (FAFH) is a growing concern for developing countries like India, which face the double burden of persistent malnutrition and increasing obesity. This paper examines the trends and drivers of UPF and paid meal consumption in rural and urban India from 2014 to 2019. Using high-frequency household consumption survey data, we estimate the expenditure elasticity of these food categories. Our results show a significant increase in the consumption of UPFs and paid meals over the study period. The expenditure elasticity of both UPF and FAFH exceeds 1 on average, indicating that they are highly responsive to income growth. Notably, poorer and urban households display higher elasticities compared to wealthier and rural households. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition reveals that rising incomes and evolving dietary preferences contribute to the increase in UPF and paid meal consumption. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to promote healthier food choices, especially among lower-income groups, as India's economy continues to grow.
Research priorities for drivers of food choice for food system transformation in South Asia: Proceedings of a collaborative workshop
(Journal Article, 2025-04) Blake, Christine E.; Kim, Sunny S.; Frongillo, Edward A.; Menon, Purnima
Agrifood systems in South Asia are highly productive, but substantial challenges including poverty, climate change, and environmental degradation complicate progress toward achieving sustainable healthy diets for all. The dynamics of food systems and the consequence of their rapid transformation for food choice behaviors that contribute to healthy and unhealthy diets are not well understood [1]. Food choice is defined as a decision-making process through which individuals and households consider, acquire, prepare, distribute, and consume foods and beverages [2,3]. Understanding drivers of food choice (DFC) is important for achieving sustainable healthy diets, but evidence is lacking. This article outlines collectively derived priorities for future research on DFC in South Asia. A collaborative workshop was convened in March 2023 in Dhaka, Bangladesh, with experts from the region. The workshop emphasized the application of a science of food choice framework to guide identification of priorities for research on DFC in South Asia. Priorities were derived through an interdisciplinary collaborative process to clarify what is known and not known about DFC in the context of Food Systems Transformation in the region with emphasis on a continuum of food choice behaviors (production, acquisition, preparation, distribution, and consumption). Workshop participants identified the following 3 main priorities for future research on DFC that address knowledge gaps that emerged from discussions: 1) intrahousehold dynamics and behaviors, 2) adolescent food choice, and 3) market and food acquisition linkages. Specific research needs to emphasize the importance of multigenerational data, food allocation, perceptions on food safety, adolescent food choice behaviors, and the need for longitudinal data on linkages between market availability and food choice behaviors. Building a body of evidence on DFC and tools for monitoring and assessing food choice behaviors is essential for designing effective policies and programs that allow all individuals to have healthy and sustainable diets in South Asia.
Status and drivers of crop diversification in the Eastern Gangetic Plains of South Asia: Across borders and communities
(Journal Article, 2025-04) Nandi, Ravi; Jackson, Tamara; Arifa Jannat; Ghosh, Arunava; Mitra, Biplab; Chakma, Kali Ratan; Timsina, Pragya; Chaudhary, Anjana; Rahman, Wakilur; Karki, Emma S.; Rana, Gunjan; Krupnik, Timothy J.; Pashupati Pokhrel
Crop diversification is indispensable for the development of Agriculture in the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) of South Asia. Given policy imperatives encouraging crop diversification, significant evidence, and knowledge gaps remain, with a lack of integrative studies that quantitatively and qualitatively assess the diverse and intricate dimensions of crop diversification within the broader context of the EGP. The study assesses the spatiotemporal patterns of crop diversification, aiming to elucidate the nuanced challenges associated with transitioning to more diversified cropping systems and identifying country-specific determinants within the EGP. Uses cross-sectional data from 1397 farm households across 72 communities in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Combine descriptive and quantitative analysis to explore seasonal and regional aspects of crop diversification. Besides, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) to assess current crop diversification levels. A Tobit Regression Model is used to identify the country-specific determinants of crop diversification. Results revealed significant variation in crop diversification across the EGP, with notable seasonal and regional differences. Family size influences diversification in all three countries, while factors such as joint decision-making with a spouse, solar-powered irrigation, and orchard ownership vary regionally. Rice remains dominant during the summer monsoon (kharif) season, but there is a shift towards greater diversification in the winter (rabi) season, suggesting potential for further diversification. This study provides a comprehensive overview of diversification patterns and their drivers in the EGP, capturing broad trends and local nuances. It offers valuable baseline information for promoting crop diversification and underscores the need for tailored approaches to enhance sustainability in this poverty-dense and agriculturally dependent region.
Dry direct-seeded and broadcast rice: a profitable and climate-smart alternative to puddled transplanted aus rice in Bangladesh
(Journal Article, 2025-03-01) Ahmed, Sharif; Kumar, Virender; Asad Uz Zaman; Dewan, Mahbubur Rahman; Amina Khatun; Hossain, M. Khaled; Singh, Sudhanshu; Timsina, Jagadish; Krupnik, Timothy J.
Context: Dry direct-seeded rice (DSR) has been identified as a potential crop establishment method to reduce labor, water, and energy use, as well as the carbon footprint and is considered as a climate-smart practice for rice production. However, the economic feasibility and farmers’ adoption of DSR will likely depend on its productivity compared to the dominant practice of puddled transplanted rice (PTR). Tillage and crop management practices, landscape position, and rice cultivars are also likely to influence DSR productivity, profitability, energy use, and global warming potential (GWP). While numerous studies have compared the performance of DSR with PTR, none have evaluated DSR across different landscape positions to identify the most suitable landscape for expansion of DSR. Methods: We conducted multilocation and multi-year trials comparing the performance of spring ‘aus’ season rice establishment methods (machine drilled DSR, broadcasted DSR, and PTR) using three rice varieties (BRRI dhan83, BRRI dhan85, and Binadhan-19) under three landscape positions (highland, medium highland, and lowland) in three distinct districts and agroecological zones of Bangladesh. We evaluated productivity, profitability, energy use efficiency (EUE), energy productivity (EP), GWP, and yield-scaled emissions of each of these tillage and crop establishment systems. Results: Our results showed that the DSR had a similar or slightly lower yield (2–8 %) than PTR, but with lower labor use (15–47 %), lower production cost (US$ ∼150 ha−1), and higher net profit. Drill-DSR yielded similar to PTR under highlands and medium highlands, but as 9–16 % lower when grown on lowlands. EUE and EP were 15–40 % higher in DSR than in PTR due to lower energy requirements. Higher energy use in PTR primarily resulted from extra energy required for nursery raising, transplanting, puddling, and irrigation. DSR was associated with lower GWP and yield-scaled emissions of 56 to 66 % compared to PTR. Conclusions: This study suggests that DSR can be a more environmentally sound, economically viable, and climate-smart production system, found more suitable for highland and medium-highland environments. However, for the widespread adoption of DSR in Bangladesh and South Asia as a whole, the nuiances of landscape position should be considered and appropriate technological, social, and policy-level interventions will be necessary.
Challenges in the global cereal supply chain
(Book Chapter, 2025-01) Ibba, Maria Itria; Timsina, Jagadish; Odjo, Sylvanus; Palacios-Rojas, Natalia; Pawan Kumar Singh; Xinyao He; Alakonya, Amos; Krupnik, Timothy J.; Sonder, Kai
Corn, wheat, and rice are the world’s most widely grown and sizably consumed staple foods. Despite increased interest and the need and willingness to diversify diets, these crops continue to provide an estimated 42% of the world’s food calories and 37% of protein intake (Collete et al., 2014; FAOSTAT, 2023). Their grains are used in popular daily foods and have relatively long shelf lives. Their yields per area sown surpass those of other crops, and they are part of human culture, traditions, economies, and politics. With the world population projected to reach about 9.3 billion by 2050, the demand for these crops is expected to increase significantly, especially in developing regions including Africa and Asia, which are anticipated to have the fastest population growth (OECD/FAO, 2021; UN DESA/POP/2022/TR/ NO, 2022). Feeding a larger population will require not only dramatic increases in corn, wheat, and rice production but also more efficient ways to minimize grain losses during production, storage, and trade. At the same time, the effects of climate change, pandemics, market instabilities, and conflicts disrupt cereal-based agricultural systems and related supply chains, and these are expected to intensify, pushing an additional 75e95 million people into extreme poverty (United Nations, 2022). This chapter describes specific challenges to corn, wheat, and rice farming and supply chains worldwide, considering the complexity of constraint scenarios and the effects of cases such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine-Russia war. In this context, this chapter covers grain safety during production, storage, and transportation and the roles of plant breeding, integrated pest management, and agronomy in future supplies of these cereals.
Digging in: impact of land use changes on soil aggregation patterns and carbon stocks in the moist tropics of the Mizoram in the Indomalayan realm
(Journal Article, 2025-03) Chowlani Manpoong; Tripathi, Shri Kant; Aravindakshan, Sreejith; Krupnik, Timothy J.
Land use change in moist tropical regions can significantly affect soil stability and carbon stocks, particularly with the conversion from primary forests. This study investigated the effects of land-use on soil aggregation and associated carbon stocks. A total of 200 soil samples were collected across five land-use, comprising rubber (RP) and oil palm plantations (OPP), bamboo forests (BF), fallow land (FL), and natural forest (NF). A comprehensive land-use intensity index, encompassing six key dimensions of land-use change, was integrated into robust regression models. The soil analyses revealed that macroaggregates dominated the top 15 cm (51–64 %), followed by meso- (30–39 %) and microaggregates (6–12 %). At deeper depths (15–30 cm), mesoaggregates prevailed (45.3–52.1 %). NF and BF exhibited the highest microaggregate fractions, resulting in lower mean weight diameter (MWD) and potentially lower aggregate stability. In contrast, RP and OPP displayed the highest macroaggregate distribution and MWD. Soil organic carbon generally decreased with land-use change from NF to FL and plantations, except for RP. MWD significantly correlated with silt and clay content, while meso- and micro-aggregates correlated with silt/clay content, MWD, and nitrogen (N). Models revealed that land-use intensity, bulk density, porosity, and N significantly influenced soil aggregate size. Notably, land-use intensity was lower in NF, BF, and FL compared to plantations (RP and OPP). The findings highlight the critical impact of land-use change in moist tropical regions on soil aggregation and carbon stocks, crucial for assessing the environmental consequences of converting natural forests to agricultural plantations. The study advances knowledge by introducing a comprehensive land-use intensity index, providing insights for sustainable land management and climate action. However, the findings are region-specific, and long-term experimentation and monitoring are needed to fully understand the effects of land use change on soil.
Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia. COVID Recovery and Resilience Activity: Comprehensive Assessment of Post-Harvest Enterprises, 21 November 2021- 30 June 2024
(Report, 2024) Narendra Niroula
The assessment report 2024 is a summary of the progress based on the objectives set by the USAID-funded CSISA Project. This report highlights the objectives, the work approaches, and the results of the set objectives in the given period. The report also provides highlights of the business status of post-harvest enterprises working in the seven different districts - Kailai, Kanchanpur, Bunke, Bardiya, Shurket, Dang, and Kapilvastu - immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic. The activities carried out by the project in coordination with both public and private stakeholders to achieve the set objectives are summarized in the report. CSISA supported 86 post-harvest enterprises across seven districts through the COVID-19 Response and Recovery program. CSISA supported 86 post-harvest enterprises by linking them with financial institutions such as banks and cooperatives, providing them with technical and financial training with materials support; however, 65 are actively operating their business and reaching out to 2,199 farmers who directly benefited from those post-harvest enterprises. Among 65 post-harvest business, 30 were from dairy processing, 14 from pickle production, 14 from sauce production, 5 from spice processing, and 2 from Agri-processing and drying. Similarly, a noteworthy 55% are owned by women, while 35% are owned by individuals from marginalized groups, including Dalit, Disadvantaged Janajatis, and Disadvantaged Madhesi communities. Similarly, a 46 to 93% increase in revenues growth was generated by the port-harvest enterprises across all the CSISA working districts.
Impact of pump electrification on crop diversification in Bangladesh: Evidence from the Bangladesh integrated household survey
(Preprint, 2024-11) Banerjee, Anurag; Chakraborty, Shreya; Deepak Varshney
Bangladesh's agricultural sector, crucial to its economy, has undergone a significant transformation in recent years, largely due to the shift from diesel to electric irrigation pumps. This study investigates the impact of this energy transition on crop diversification. While there is extensive literature on crop diversification, the effects of changing energy sources have remained underexplored. Leveraging the substantial increase in pump electrification over the past decade, we utilize data from the Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS) for 2011, 2015, and 2018 to examine this shift. Our hypothesis posits that the transition to electric pumps influences cropping patterns by lowering irrigation costs. Using difference-indifferences (DID) and fixed effect model, we find that pump electrification significantly alters cropping patterns. Specifically, we observe a 5.5 percentage point increase in paddy cultivation and a 4.9 percentage point decrease in non-paddy crops. Notably, the rise in the overall paddy proportion is primarily driven by an increase in boro paddy cultivation, while the decline in non-paddy crops is attributed to a reduction in wheat cultivation. These findings highlight the effects of cheaper irrigation through electric pumps, which may disproportionately favor waterintensive paddy cultivation. Policymakers should consider these insights when designing strategies to promote more diverse and nutritionally beneficial cropping patterns.
The impact of social networks on electric pump adoption and irrigation access in Bangladesh's informal water markets
(Preprint, 2024) Deepak Varshney; Banerjee, Anurag; Chakraborty, Shreya; Kishore, Avinash; Manikanta Radhakrishna; Mukherji, Aditi
This study examines the role of social networks in the adoption of electric pumps and water buyers' access to irrigation water through electric pumps in Bangladesh. Despite government efforts, adoption rates have remained low (2.5%), especially among small and marginal farmers. Using a "networks within sample" approach, we surveyed 1,225 farmers in 60 villages across Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions of Northwest Bangladesh, gathering information on social interactions among the surveyed farmers within each village. Our analysis reveals significant positive network effects: having an electric pump owner in one's social network increases the likelihood of adoption. Network effects on irrigation market access are more pronounced within the same land size class compared to social interactions across different classes. Notably, the impact on water buyers' access to irrigation through electric pumps is less pronounced when small farmers socially interact with large farmer pump owners in their social network than when the situation is reversed.
Modelling groundwater futures under climatic uncertainty for local policy and planning: a case of quantification of groundwater resources at sub-regional level in the Ganges basin
(Journal article, 2025-06) Mizan, Syed Adil; Sikka, Alok K.; Chakraborty, Shreya; Laing, Alison M.; Urfels, Anton; Krupnik, Timothy J.
Study region: Nalanda district, Bihar, India, a sub-tropical region, and part of middle Ganga River basin. Study focus: Assessing the impacts of climate change on aquifers' seasonal replenishment is thus crucial for planning for future local food and water security. This study looks at how future groundwater levels will be affected by climate change in relation to important functioning thresholds that are typical for aquifers that replenish periodically. New hydrological insights for the region The result shows the projected groundwater levels from 2018 to 2060 using the CMIP6 global climate model, using rainfall data from three GCMs selected based on their different projected scenarios of levels of high intensity rainfall. Given the key role of low intensity rainfall in groundwater recharge, we find that incorporating rainfall intensity in groundwater models can be crucial for more robust projections. Our findings also show that higher total rainfall does not necessarily equate to higher groundwater recharge or lesser groundwater declines. Instead, the least groundwater declines were found in projections, where relatively higher total rainfall was also associated with lower high intensity rainfall periods, highlighting the need for combining and comparing varied SSPs and climate models for accurate future trends. At the sub-regional level, we find that climate change could lead to maximum groundwater loss of ∼ 0.8 km3 in 42 years in Nalanda district. Current trend analysis (2000–2018) already shows a negative annual groundwater balance. Even assuming no changes to current groundwater extraction rates, climate change will result in decreased groundwater levels and storage. The projection trends also reveal distinct short-term, medium-term, and long-term shifts which offer different policy windows for managing and governing the groundwater resources.
Evaluating market access and food consumption trends in rural communities: insights from a high-frequency integrated market survey in Bangladesh
(Brochure, 2024-12) Faijul Kabir, A.N.M.; Ahmed, Sharif; Veettil, Prakashan Chellattan; Krupnik, Timothy J.
This research note provides a comprehensive analysis of food consumption and dietary patterns, utilizing high-frequency data from consumers and various markets. It underscores TAFSSA’s (Transforming Agri-Food Systems in South Asia) commitment to the food production-to-consumption continuum, emphasizing equitable access to sustainable and healthy diets. The study delves into the dynamics of food systems and market trends in Northern Bangladesh, focusing on four districts—Rajshahi, Chapai Nawabganj, Rangpur, and Dinajpur. The research examines price fluctuations when locally produced diversified foods, enter the market. These findings highlight the benefits of crop diversification for farmers and its impact on local and regional market dynamics. Data for this research note is derived from a biweekly high-frequency survey conducted over a year, starting in August 2023. It provides preliminary insights into consumer food consumption and dietary patterns, the production of diversified crops price trends over time, and their impact on local food systems.
The nutritional impact of diversified cropping systems: comparing diversified cropping patterns in Rangpur, Bangladesh
(Brochure, 2024-10) Md. Arifur Rahaman; Alanuzzaman Kurishi, A.S.M.; Cheesman, Stephanie; Hossain, Md. Khaled; Parupalli, V.L. Bharathi; Md. Afzal Hossain; Hossain, Shakhawat; Ferdous, Zannatul; Huda, Md. Shamsul; Gathala, Mahesh Kumar; Krupnik, Timothy J.
Bangladesh relies heavily on rice-based cropping systems to ensure food security. However, this dependence limits crop diversification, which is vital for improving agricultural productivity in a densely populated country with limited arable land. This trial summarizes the nutritional yield results from diversified cropping systems after one complete cycle. The study area was selected based on factors such as food security, nutrition adequacy, environmental degradation, and climate challenges—key considerations for achieving TAFSSA’s goals. The research aims to promote crop diversification and identify strategies for cultivating nutrient-rich crops that provide essential macro- and micronutrients.
Exploration of economic and environmental impacts of sustainable diversification in the eastern IGP of India
(Brochure, 2024-12) Choudhary, K.M.; Kalvania, K.C.; Ali, Shahid; Sinha, Pooja; Kumar, Sanjeev; Jat, R.K.; Bijarniya, Deepak; Krupnik, Timothy J.; Gathala, Mahesh K.
Challenges to the agricultural systems in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (EIGP) include low crop productivity correlated with the region’s increased poverty, farmers’ low investment capability and aversion to risk, and increasing energy and input costs, in addition to climatic variability. The EIGP is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change because of terminal heat in summers, frequent droughts and flood risks, and increasingly erratic monsoon rainfall behavior in recent decades. This research brief presents the findings from on-farm participatory approach research trials focused on the climate-resilient and profitable alternative crop diversification options over to the dominating existing cropping systems. These on-farm research trials were conducted by the Transforming Agrifood Systems in South Asia (TAFSSA) Initiative with the partnership of CGIAR Institutes, JEEViKA, and the Department of Agriculture in Nalanda district of Bihar, India.
The nutritional impact of diversified cropping systems: comparing diversified cropping patterns in Dinajpur, Bangladesh
(Brochure, 2024-10) Md. Arifur Rahaman; Alanuzzaman Kurishi, A.S.M.; Cheesman, Stephanie; Hossain, Md. Khaled; Parupalli, V.L. Bharathi; Md Nuruzzaman Haque; Hossain, Shakhawat; Ferdous, Zannatul; Huda, Md. Shamsul; Gathala, Mahesh Kumar; Krupnik, TimothyJ.
This trial brief summarizes the results of nutritional yields from diversified cropping systems after one full cropping cycle. The area for the trial was selected based on factors such as food security and nutrition adequacy, environmental degradation, and climate challenges, which are critical for achieving TAFSSA’s goals. Therefore, this research trial aims to highlight the importance of crop diversification and identify strategies to increase the cultivation of nutritionally rich crops that provide essential macro- and micronutrients.
Impact of diverse cropping patterns on greenhouse gas emissions: assessing energy use efficiency in Rangpur District, Bangladesh
(Brochure, 2024-12) Md. Arifur Rahaman; Alanuzzaman Kurishi, A.S.M.; Cheesman, Stephanie; Hossain, Md. Khaled; Hussain, Afzal; Ferdous, Zannatul; Gathala, Mahesh Kumar; Krupnik, Timothy J.
Bangladesh relies heavily on rice-based cropping systems to maintain food security. Additionally, crop diversification, which also contribute to enhance agricultural productivity and profitability in a nation with a high population density and scarce arable land. However, greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector is remain unclear. On-farm research trials briefly summarize the results of greenhouse gas emissions from a diversified cropping systems after one full cropping cycle. This trial was conducted in the Chargonai and Shibdeb villages of the Rangpur district, addressing total global warming potential, total energy use, and emissions intensity, which are crucial for achieving TAFSSA’s goals. Therefore, the trial aims to emphasize climate change effects to identify strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural land.
Understanding dietary diversity gains from agronomic-nutritional interventions across age and gender: a longitudinal analysis using repeated measures ANOVA and mixed-effects modeling
(Brochure, 2024-10) Kamal, Mustafa; Md. Arifur Rahaman; Nandi, Ravi; Parupalli, V.L. Bharathi; Aravindakshan, Sreejith; Hossain, Md. Khaled; Krupnik, Timothy J.
This brief presents the results of the Diet Quality Questionnaire (DQQ), examining the influence of age, gender, and agronomic-nutritional interventions across a longitudinal study from January 2023 to February 2024. Data were collected over five discrete time points, capturing dietary patterns and quality across three major agricultural production seasons—Rabi, Kharif I, and Kharif II—in Bangladesh.
Post-intervention outcomes in farmer behaviour and crop diversification in Rajshahi, Bangladesh
(Brochure, 2024-10) Nandi, Ravi; Hossain, Md. Khaled; Anupama Islam Nisho; Saiful Islam; Alanuzzaman Kurishi, A.S.M.; Sumona Shahrin; Mustafa Kamrul Hasan; Md. Arifur Rahaman; Krupnik, Timothy J.
This brief summarizes the results from post-intervention outcomes in farmer behavior covering a) preferred cropping patterns among farmers; b) perceived benefits, challenges, and transaction costs of crop diversification, and c) market awareness among trial farmers. Data were collected through face-to-face surveys involving on-farm trail farmers in the Rajshahi district.
Integrated business model for bio-fortified rice and diversified crops in Bangladesh
(Brochure, 2024-12) Ahmed, Sharif; Miajy, Abu Abdullah; Alanuzzaman Kurishi, A.S.M.; Krupnik, Timothy J.; Veettil, Prakashan Chellatan
This brief shows TAFSSA’s (Transforming Agri-food System in South Asia) market linkage activities for biofortified rice and diversified crops in different districts which were selected as the learning landscape location in Bangladesh. It also highlighted how TAFSSA is working to expand and develop integrated market systems for biofortified rice and diversified crops. It may help researchers and policymakers develop future activities on diversified crop expansion in Bangladesh.

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