AICCRA Briefs
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Item Regional Policy Coherence for The Great Green Wall Initiative: Exploring Alignment of the AU Great Green Wall Initiative Strategy with the AU Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan and the AU Green Recovery Action Plan(Brief, 2025-05-13) African UnionThis policy brief explores how enhanced policy coherence among three flagship African Union strategies - the Great Green Wall Initiative (GGWI) Strategy and Ten-Year Implementation Framework (2024–2034), the Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2023–2030), and the Green Recovery Action Plan (2021–2027) - can significantly advance biodiversity conservation, land restoration, and climate resilience across Africa. It highlights key areas of alignment, including the promotion of nature-based solutions, sustainable land and water management, and integrated ecosystem restoration. Central to the GGWI Strategy is the scaling up of nature-based practices that create resilient value chains supporting biodiversity and local livelihoods. The brief also underscores the importance of equity and gender-transformative approaches, the integration of Indigenous knowledge systems, and inclusive benefit-sharing mechanisms to ensure socially just and effective conservation outcomes. Furthermore, the brief emphasises strengthening multisectoral engagement and aligning national and regional strategies - including National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans - to foster coordinated implementation. Mobilising public and private investment and establishing strategic partnerships with global biodiversity and climate networks are also identified as critical enablers. By embedding biodiversity as a core criterion for country participation and promoting cross-sectoral collaboration, the GGWI and aligned strategies can accelerate progress toward the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, the Sustainable Development Goals, and broader climate and development goals.Item Regional Policy Coherence for the Great Green Wall Initiative: Maximising the flow and impact of finance(Brief, 2025-05-13) African UnionAchieving the ambitious goals of the Great Green Wall Initiative (GGWI) requires unlocking and sustaining substantial financial resources to drive land restoration and climate resilience across Africa’s drylands. This policy brief examines the financial dimensions of the GGWI Strategy and Ten-Year Implementation Framework (2024–2034), highlighting key challenges and opportunities for enhancing funding mobilisation, financial governance, and investment impact. The GGWI Strategy prioritises regional policy coherence as a means to improve access to diverse funding streams, reduce inefficiencies, and bolster the initiative’s investment appeal. Strategic alignment with complementary African Union frameworks - such as the Green Recovery Action Plan (GRAP), Climate Change and Resilient Development Strategy (CCRDS), Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (ABSAP), and the Sustainable Forest Management Framework (SFMF) - enhances synergies and opens avenues for blended finance, green bonds, and payments for ecosystem services. Robust monitoring, reporting, and verification systems, including digital and satellite-based tools, are central to unlocking results-based climate finance. Furthermore, dedicated financial instruments for women- and youth-led enterprises, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) aligned investment standards, and expanded private sector participation are critical for inclusive financing. The brief also emphasises the importance of strengthening subnational financial capacities, improving domestic resource mobilisation, and aligning GGWI implementation with macroeconomic and nature-positive financial reforms. By fostering innovation in finance, enhancing governance readiness, and aligning with regional and global frameworks, the GGWI can scale up sustainable investment and accelerate the restoration of degraded landscapes. This financial transformation is key to delivering climate resilience, biodiversity conservation, and improved livelihoods across Africa.Item Regional Policy Coherence for the Great Green Wall Initiative: Restoring Land and Sustaining Peace: The Great Green Wall and the Climate– Peace–Security Nexus in Africa(Brief, 2025-05-13) African UnionClimate change poses an escalating threat to Africa’s development, peace, and security. Despite contributing minimally to global emissions, the continent faces disproportionate loss and damage due to limited adaptive capacity and rising climate-related security risks including competition over natural resources, food and water insecurity, forced migration, and conflict. These converging challenges are increasingly shaping African policy agendas, with the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC) recognising climate change as a key driver of instability and developing a Common African Position on Climate, Peace and Security (CAP-CPS). The African Union’s Great Green Wall Initiative (GGWI) offers a vital entry point to address this nexus by restoring degraded landscapes, strengthening community resilience, and advancing peace-positive development. Related initiatives such as the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021–2030), the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) Peace Forest Initiative (2019), and the African Union Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (ABSAP) (2023 – 2030) provide complementary platforms to mainstream conflict-sensitive land restoration. Drawing on findings from the Africa Climate Security Risk Assessment (ACRA) and the African Union’s Climate Change, Peace and Security Nexus Report, this brief outlines how the GGWI can support integrated climate-security responses through three peace-positive pathways: (i) restoring natural buffers to reduce conflict, (ii) rebuilding social cohesion through participatory restoration, and (iii) supporting livelihood resilience to reduce instability and displacement. Key recommendations include integrating climate-security assessments into GGWI planning, aligning with the CAP-CPS and supporting African Union-led coordination, providing targeted readiness support for vulnerable and conflict-affected areas, promoting peace-positive nature-based solutions and carbon restoration pathways, operationalising early warning and peacebuilding tools, strengthening transboundary cooperation and mediation, expanding monitoring systems to track peace co-benefits, leveraging GGWI programmes as entry points for peace mediation and dialogue, and facilitating inclusive land governance and tenure security.Item Regional Policy Coherence for the Great Green Wall Initiative: Reviving Livestock and Pastoral Systems in Africa’s Drylands - Opportunities Within the Great Green Wall Framework(Brief, 2025-05-13) African UnionThis policy brief explores how the African Union’s Great Green Wall Initiative (GGWI) can serve as a transformative vehicle to revitalise livestock and pastoral systems across Africa’s drylands. These systems are vital for food security, rural livelihoods, ecosystem integrity, and cultural heritage, yet face mounting threats from climate change, land degradation, insecure tenure, and marginalisation. The revised GGWI Strategy and Ten-Year Implementation Framework (2024–2034) recognises the indispensable role of these systems and positions them as central to land restoration and climate resilience efforts. The GGWI Strategy promotes a suite of integrated, landscape-based approaches that link ecological restoration with productive land use. These include evergreen and climate-smart agriculture, pastoral-managed natural regeneration, agrisilviculture, and silvopastoral systems. It also highlights livestock-specific practices such as participatory rangeland management, holistic planned grazing, adaptive multi-paddock grazing, regenerative grazing, controlled grazing, and exclosures. The GGWI’s four strategic intervention axes collectively provide a robust framework for integrating pastoral systems into sustainable land restoration. Axis 1 promotes inclusive governance and participatory leadership, ensuring that pastoralist voices shape policy and implementation. Axis 2 embeds livestock systems into landscape restoration by advancing agroecological practices, strengthening value chains, and supporting nature-based enterprises. Axis 3 focuses on creating an enabling environment through multi-sectoral coordination, inclusive capacity development, and adaptive planning. Axis 4 aligns GGWI efforts with regional and global frameworks - such as the African Union Policy Framework for Pastoralism, the International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists (2026), and flagship initiatives like the World Bank Regional Sahel Pastoralism Support project (PRAPS-2) and Sustainable Investments for Large-Scale Rangeland Restoration (STELARR) - to amplify impact and foster knowledge exchange. Grounded in adaptive practices, local knowledge, and multi-level collaboration, the GGWI Strategy offers a comprehensive and inclusive roadmap for restoring rangelands, strengthening farmer and pastoral livelihoods, and achieving climate-resilient development in Africa’s drylands.Item Regional Policy Coherence for the Great Green Wall Initiative: Soil Health as the Foundation to Realising the Ambitions of the Great Green Wall Initiative(Brief, 2025-05-13) African, UnionHealthy soil is the foundation of resilient landscapes, sustainable food systems, and climate adaptation in Africa’s drylands. As a unifying element across climate, nutrition, biodiversity, and restoration agendas, soil health plays a critical role in realising the ambitions of the African Union’s Great Green Wall Initiative (GGWI). With over 65% of productive land degraded and soil erosion undermining agricultural productivity, smallholder farmers across the continent face compounding vulnerabilities. The GGWI Strategy (2024–2034) recognises soil health as central to reversing land degradation and building long-term resilience, aligning closely with the Africa Fertiliser and Soil Health Action Plan (AFSH-AP) (2023 – 2033) and broader goals outlined in the Ten-Year Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) Strategy and Action Plan (2026-2035). The GGWI Strategy has four strategic intervention axes that elevate soil health across governance, practice, knowledge, and partnerships. Axis 1 fosters inclusive governance and coordinated leadership, integrating soil health into national and cross-sectoral policy agendas. Axis 2 advances agroecological and nature-based practices - such as agroforestry, conservation agriculture, and composting - that regenerate soil structure, fertility, and biodiversity. Axis 3 strengthens knowledge systems and monitoring tools, including Soil Information Systems, to guide context-specific interventions using both scientific and Indigenous Knowledge. Axis 4 aligns the GGWI with existing initiatives such as the Soil Initiative for Africa, the Coalition of Action 4 Soil Health, WOCAT, and Global Soil Partnership - to accelerate action and amplify impact. By positioning soil health as a measurable and actionable entry point, the GGWI provides a platform for harmonising frameworks, reporting obligations, and investments. This policy brief highlights the urgent need to prioritise soil health in national strategies, bridge fragmented efforts, and support integrated solutions that benefit smallholder farmers, ecosystems, and broader development outcomes across Africa’s drylands.Item Regional Policy Coherence for the Great Green Wall Initiative: Strengthening Synergies for the Sustainable Management of Africa’s Forests(Brief, 2025-05-13) African, UnionAchieving sustainable forest management and climate resilience in Africa’s drylands requires greater alignment between regional strategies that address land degradation, deforestation, and biodiversity loss. This policy brief explores the critical need for coherence between the African Union’s Great Green Wall Initiative Strategy and Ten-Year Implementation Framework (GGWI Strategy) (2024–2034) and the Sustainable Forest Management Framework for Africa (SFMF) (2020–2030). Both frameworks are vital instruments in advancing tree-based restoration, improving rural livelihoods, strengthening food security, and enhancing climate resilience. While the GGWI Strategy and SFMF share strong commitments to ecosystem restoration, community development, and resilience-building, their full potential can only be realised through integrated planning, harmonised implementation, and aligned investment approaches. Differences in ecological scope, sectoral priorities, and financing visibility -including access to carbon finance - must be addressed to unlock synergies. Strategic coherence will improve on-the-ground implementation, enhance resource efficiency, and increase access to both public and private investment. This policy brief calls for the establishment of a joint task force among African Union institutions, Regional Economic Communities, and implementation partners to coordinate efforts, align monitoring systems, and mobilise joint financing. Such alignment will not only accelerate the achievement of continental and global commitments - including Agenda 2063, the United Nations Decade for Ecosystem Restoration, and the newly adopted United Nations Decade for Afforestation and Reforestation (2027–2036) - but also ensure that Africa’s forests become a cornerstone of inclusive, climate-resilient development.Item Regional Policy Coherence for the Great Green Wall Initiative: Unlocking Synergies Between the African Union’s Strategies on the Great Green Wall Initiative and Climate Change and Resilient Development for Stronger Climate Action(Brief, 2025-05-13) African, UnionThis policy brief explores how strategic alignment between the African Union Great Green Wall Initiative Strategy and Ten-Year Implementation Framework (GGWI Strategy) (2024–2034) and the African Union Climate Change and Resilient Development Strategy and Action Plan (CCRDS) (2022–2032) can drive sustainable, climate-resilient development across Africa. It underscores the importance of policy coherence in addressing the interconnected challenges of land degradation, climate change, food insecurity, and poverty in Africa’s drylands. The brief identifies key areas of synergy, including landscape restoration, climate-smart food production, renewable energy deployment, sustainable livelihoods, and the use of nature-based solutions for adaptation and mitigation. Through interventions such as reforestation, agroforestry, and soil restoration, the GGWI Strategy contributes to ecosystem resilience, biodiversity conservation, and carbon sequestration. The brief also highlights the GGWI Strategy’s focus on strengthening governance and political commitment, leveraging technology, fostering cross-sectoral collaboration, and mobilising public and private investment. It promotes the integration of climate modelling and foresight tools for adaptive planning, the use of digital finance to support local communities, and the recognition of Indigenous knowledge in climate resilience strategies. Furthermore, the GGWI’s emphasis on addressing climate-induced migration and resource conflict through land restoration reinforces the critical link between environmental health and human security. Aligning the GGWI Strategy with the CCRDS will enhance implementation effectiveness, optimise resource use, and scale up Africa’s contributions to global climate and development goals, including those under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).Item Global Goal on Adaptation(Brief, 2025-06-01) Njuguna, Lucy WanjikuThis learning note provides an overview of the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA), highlighting its establishment in 2015 as a collective commitment to enhance adaptive capacity, strengthen resilience, and reduce vulnerability to climate change in line with the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement. It outlines the current progress in operationalising and measuring the GGA, describing key milestones such as the Glasgow–Sharm el-Sheikh (GlaSS) work programme and the ongoing United Arab Emirates (UAE)-Belem work programme on indicators. The note reviews the status of work on defining targets and indicators, and the persistent gaps and unresolved questions that hinder comprehensive assessment. Key takeaways include: the GGA will be critical in assessing adaptation progress under the Global Stocktake (GST) and despite the slow but steady advancement, the recent agreement on global targets marks a critical step forward. With less than six months remaining in the UAE-Belem process, broadening engagement and integrating diverse perspectives are now essential to shaping robust, inclusive indicators that can effectively inform the GST and support transformative adaptation action.Item African Union Great Green Wall Initiative Strategy and Ten-Year Implementation Framework (2024-2034): Monitoring, Evaluation, Learning and Adaptation(Brief, 2025-05-13) African, UnionThis brief presents the proposed Monitoring, Evaluation, Learning, and Adaptation (MELA) approach for the revised African Union Great Green Wall Initiative (GGWI) Strategy and Ten-Year Implementation Framework (2024–2034). The MELA framework is central to ensuring adaptive design, implementation, and continuous improvement of GGWI actions across scales. It emphasizes the need for dedicated planning, adequate resourcing, and robust learning processes to support large-scale landscape restoration and livelihood resilience. The brief highlights the key components of the MELA approach - the development of a multi-scale, comparable scorecard to track progress and a biennial reporting process. It further describes how progress will be monitored through changes in ecosystems, institutions, policies, and community well-being. Learning and reflection are positioned as integral to adaptive management, with mechanisms for local, subnational, national, and continental learning loops.Item African Union Great Green Wall Initiative Strategy and Ten-Year Implementation Framework (2024-2034): Summaries of the Four Strategic Intervention Axes(Brief, 2025-05-13) African, UnionThese briefs present the four Strategic Intervention Axes of the revised African Union Great Green Wall (GGW) Initiative Strategy and Ten-Year Implementation Framework (2024–2034). The Axes are designed to drive progress toward the GGW’s vision and objectives by providing a coherent structure for coordinated action. They include: 1. Enhancing leadership, governance, and political commitment; 2. Co-designing and delivering pathways toward transformative restoration, resilience and development; 3. Enhancing the means of implementation for resilient landscape restoration; and 4. Leveraging and aligning with existing initiatives. Each Axis outlines key intervention areas and priority actions that together form a strategic roadmap to guide implementation at all levels. Full details of these areas and actions are provided in the accompanying briefs.Item African Union Great Green Wall Initiative Strategy and Ten-Year Implementation Framework (2024–2034): Strategic Intervention Axes 2 and 3(Poster, 2025-05-13) African, UnionThese posters present Strategic Intervention Axes 2 and 3 of the revised African Union Great Green Wall (GGW) Initiative Strategy and Ten-Year Implementation Framework (2024–2034). The Axes include: 2) Co-designing and delivering pathways toward transformative restoration, resilience and development, and 3) Enhancing the means of implementation for resilient landscape restoration. The Axes are designed to support the achievement of the GGW vision and objectives. Each Axis comprises several intervention areas with specific priority actions, the details of which are included in these posters.Item African Union Great Green Wall Initiative Strategy and Ten-Year Implementation Framework: Ecosystem Restoration and Livelihoods Resilience (2024-2034)(Brief, 2025-05-13) African, UnionThis brief outlines the proposed coordination and implementation approach of the new African Union Great Green Wall Initiative (GGWI) Strategy and Ten-Year Implementation Framework (2024–2034). It presents the structure and roles of GGWI bodies and supporting institutions across all levels, from international to community scale, and emphasizes the importance of private sector engagement throughout. The brief details the proposed coordination arrangements, including indicative relationships among key institutions and stakeholders. It also sets out proposed membership criteria for countries, international and national organizations, subnational bodies, networks, and private sector actors. Finally, it describes the proposed criteria for endorsement and the inclusion of new initiatives contributing to the GGWI’s objectives.Item Advancing Africa's Soil Health Monitoring to Support the Nairobi Declaration and CAADP Kampala Agenda(Brief, 2025-03-01) African Union Development Agency, NEPADThis brief addresses the urgent need to improve soil health as a foundation for tackling Africa’s interconnected challenges of land degradation, climate change, food insecurity, and biodiversity loss. It aims to deepen technical understanding of key elements of soil health by promoting common definitions, robust monitoring systems, and relevant indicators. The brief supports African Union (AU) Member States in meeting their commitments under the Nairobi Declaration and the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) Kampala Agenda, while contributing to the objectives of the African Fertilizer and Soil Health (AFSH) Action Plan and the new Ten-Year CAADP Strategy and Action Plan (2026-2035). It explores how soil health indicators can be effectively aligned with the current CAADP Biennial Review monitoring system and integrated into the CAADP Kampala framework by 2025. Through an examination of policy frameworks, indicator integration, and system design, the brief offers practical insights for advancing a coordinated and effective soil health monitoring agenda across the continent.Item Statement from the 70th Greater Horn of Africa Climate Outlook Forum (GHACOF 70)(Press Item, 2025-05) IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications CentreItem Statement from the 69th Greater Horn of Africa Climate Outlook Forum (GHACOF69)(Press Item, 2025-01) IGAD Climate Prediction and Application CentreItem The Imperative for Strengthening Soil Information Systems in Africa: Reflections and Key Insights from Practice(Brief, 2025-03-01) African Union Development Agency, NEPADThis brief highlights the urgent need to enhance soil information systems (SISs) to address Africa’s interconnected challenges of land degradation, climate change, food insecurity, and biodiversity loss. Drawing on insights from Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, and regional efforts, the brief explores how well-designed SISs can support data-driven decision-making at sub-national, national, and regional levels. It examines the current landscape of soil data systems, showcases practical examples such as the Makueni County Resource Hub and the West Africa Regional Soil Hub, and emphasizes the importance of integrating and aligning soil health indicators in continental policy frameworks including the Nairobi and Kampala Declarations, the Africa Fertilizer and Soil Health (AFSH) Action Plan (2023–2033), and the Ten-Year Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) Strategy and Action Plan (2026–2035). The brief calls for co-designed, inclusive, and context-responsive SISs that combine traditional knowledge with scientific data to inform actionable recommendations. It advocates for leveraging existing initiatives, strengthening multi-stakeholder collaboration, and building capacity to increase the utility and accessibility of soil information. By fostering open and integrated soil data ecosystems, Africa can reduce redundancy, improve coordination, and enable more effective responses to its pressing environmental and agricultural challenges—ultimately enhancing ecosystem services, farmer livelihoods, and climate resilience across the continent.Item The Imperative for Strengthening Soil Information Systems (SISs) in Africa: Reflections and Key Insights from Practice(Brief, 2025-03-01) African Union Development Agency- NEPADThis policy brief presents the case for scaling and integrating soil information systems (SISs) as a foundational step toward addressing Africa’s urgent challenges of land degradation, food and nutrition insecurity, biodiversity loss, and climate change. With over 65% of productive land degraded and millions of smallholder farmers struggling to grow food in nutrient-depleted soils, the need for healthy, resilient soils has never been more critical. This policy brief emphasizes that healthy soil underpins sustainable agricultural systems and delivers essential ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, drought resilience, and erosion control. It calls on African Union Member States to develop cohesive, evidence-based monitoring frameworks that enable targeted, locally relevant soil restoration and investment decisions. The brief offers practical policy recommendations to align soil health indicators with continental commitments such as the Nairobi and Kampala Declarations, the Africa Fertilizer and Soil Health (AFSH) Action Plan (2023–2033), and the new Ten-Year Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Programme (CAADP) Strategy and Action Plan (2026-2035). It advocates for leveraging existing initiatives, supporting the co-design of SISs with stakeholders, and raising awareness of soil health's pivotal role in achieving sustainable development across Africa.Item Applying an intersectional lens to scaling(Brief, 2025-05-28) Ewell, Hanna; Huyer, Sophia; Gondwe, ThereseAs climate change disproportionately affects smallholder farmers, especially women and marginalized groups, integrating intersectionality into agricultural research for development (AR4D) is essential for inclusive and equitable scaling. Intersectional analysis reveals how overlapping identities (e.g., gender, age, ethnicity, disability, socioeconomic status) create compounded disadvantages often overlooked in innovation processes. The AICCRA project demonstrates how tailoring climate-smart agriculture (CSA) and climate information services (CIS) to diverse social realities, through participatory design, targeted training, and local governance—can advance empowerment and social equity.Item Bundling climate smart agriculture and climate information services: the CSA Bundler Application(Brief, 2025-04-01) Tepa Yotto, Ghislain; Dalaa, Mustapha Alasan; Obeng Adomaa, FaustinaClimate smart agriculture (CSA) implementation can be challenging in instances where promoting single standalone CSA practices or technologies would hardly achieve the expected triple-win climate smartness outcome with maladaptation and stagnation risks in a business as usual scheme. To the best of our knowledge and based on consulted literature, there is little data about climate smart agriculture (CSA) and climate information services (CIS) bundling. The current brief aims at documenting an approach developed under the framework of the Accelerating Impacts of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA) project for CSA and CIS bundling through stakeholder consultations in Ghana. Erratic rainfall, prolonged drought and dry spells, decline in yields, and pest outbreaks were scored top five (5) primary climate challenges by stakeholders. Other challenges of importance included soil fertility, irrigation and water management, and access to inputs and finance. Five priority value chains were selected including maize, rice, cowpea, yam, and vegetables. To achieve inclusiveness, soybean, groundnut, cocoa, poultry and goat were added as strategic value chains with high value addition potential. Climate smart agriculture (CSA) and climate information services (CIS) bundles around these value chains were prioritized for scaling in ten regions in Ghana: Bono, Bono East, Central, North East, Northern, Oti, Savannah, Upper East, Upper West and Volta. Insights from stakeholder perspectives indicated preference for the following CSA practice and technology types as key to building climate resilience: high-yielding varieties, early-maturing varieties, drought-tolerant varieties, integrated soil fertility management including the use of organic fertilizers, irrigation and water management, integrated pest and disease management, improved breeds, improved postharvest techniques, and climate information services and advisories. Gender and social inclusiveness (GSI) was explored to map relevant CSA practices and technologies for male, female, youth (male and female), and commercial farmers. Generic customizable bundles of CSA-CIS were explored using basic ecosystem and climate risk metrics. A stepwise CSA-CIS investment bundling was designed considering a full CSA investment principle that consists of triple-win productivity-adaptation-mitigation benefits of CSA. The current brief describes a basic CSA-CIS bundling approach using simple metrics. It provides new insights for developing an appealing tool called “CSA Bundler”. The CSA Bundler has potential for further advancement into web- or phone-based applications and with robust algorithms or AI component integration for accurate and high-resolution site-specific recommendationItem Beyond “reach” – advancing responsible pathways to impact at scale(Brief, 2025-03) Ewell, HannaScaling agricultural innovations is often measured by how many farmers adopt a technology or how quickly an innovation spreads. But this approach overlooks crucial questions: for whom are we scaling, and how can we ensure equitable benefit? What are the unintended impacts of scaling, and how might these be minimized? Without inclusivity, scaling risks reinforcing existing inequalities rather than driving meaningful, sustainable change. Without strategic anticipation, scaling can unintentionally cause harm to the environment. Thus, responsible scaling ensures that marginalized groups, especially women, are not only recipients of innovation but also active decision-makers in shaping their agricultural future. Scaling processes are carefully planned and monitored and can be adaptively adjusted to fit new and changing contexts.