ReSAKSS-ECA

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/183

The Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS) is an Africa-wide network of regional nodes supporting implementation of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP). ReSAKSS offers high-quality analyses and knowledge products to improve policymaking, track progress, document success, and derive lessons for the implementation of the CAADP agenda and other agricultural and rural development policies and programs in Africa.

ReSAKSS is facilitated by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in partnership with the Africa-based CGIAR centers, the NEPAD Planning and Coordinating Agency (NPCA), the African Union Commission (AUC), and the Regional Economic Communities (RECs). The Africa-based CGIAR centers and the RECs include: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) for ReSAKSS–WA; the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) for ReSAKSS–ECA; and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) for ReSAKSS–SA.

ReSAKSS has been established with funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the UK Department for International Development (DFID), the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Visit the ReSAKSS website for more information

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 48

The role of livestock in the Kenyan economy: Policy analysis using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model for Kenya
(Working Paper, 2015) Engida, Ermias; Guthiga, Paul M.; Nyota, Hannah; Karugia, Joseph T.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on staples food prices in local markets: The case of cooking banana (‘Matooke’) in Uganda
(Brief, 2020-10-12) Guthiga, Paul M.; Kirui, Leonard; Karugia, Joseph T.
Trade competitiveness among COMESA countries in agricultural commodity exports
(Working Paper, 2019-10-30) Guthiga, Paul M.; Ogada, Maurice Juma; Karugia, Joseph T.; Ongudi, Silas; Mugweru, Lydiah
This paper uses trade data from the COMESA statistical database covering 19 countries covering the period 1997 to 2013 to analyze the trade competitiveness of selected agricultural commodities traded among COMESA member states using the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) methodology. The computed RCA indices showed that countries in the COMESA region had fluctuating advantages in trade in different food staples over the years. The highest positive RCA indices include; bovine meat and cassava (Kenya and Uganda), live bovine animals (Kenya), maize grain (Uganda), tomatoes (Ethiopia, Madagascar), fish (Eritrea), cassava (Kenya, Ethiopia, Malawi and Uganda) wheat flour (Zambia), Onions (Madagascar) and dry legumes and pulses (Malawi). The results of the study can inform policy discussions on how integration through specialization and trade envisaged in the COMESA Treaty can be realized. The fluctuating RCA indices from year to year reflect weather- dependent agricultural production systems. This means that individual countries’ competitiveness fluctuates year to year depending on weather. To address the observed fluctuation in RCA indices countries should invest in production systems that are less weather-dependent, such as irrigated agriculture. Countries also need to promote drought-resistant and drought-tolerant crop varieties and early warning systems.
Nurturing a network of policy analysts for enhanced agricultural development and food and nutrition security in Kenya
(Report, 2018-11) Karugia, Joseph T.
ILRI (www.ilri.org) works to improve food and nutritional security and reduce poverty in developing countries through research for efficient, safe and sustainable use of livestock. It is the only one of 15 CGIAR research centers dedicated entirely to animal agriculture research for the developing world. Co-hosted by Kenya and Ethiopia, it has regional or country offices and projects in East, South and Southeast Asia as well as Central, East, Southern and West Africa. The AgriFoSe2030 Program was developed by a consortium of scientists from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Lund University, Gothenburg University and Stockholm Environment Institute and hosted by the SLU Global (Agricultural Sciences for Global Development) platform. AgriFose2030 targets the Sustainable Development Goal Number 2 (SDG2) in low-income countries through a science-based approach on local, regional and global scales. SDG2 aims at ending hunger, achieving food security, improving nutrition and promoting sustainable agriculture. AgriFoSe2030 contributes to sustainable intensification of agriculture for increased food production on existing agricultural land; the aim is to do so by transforming practices toward more efficient use of human, financial and natural resources. It translates state-of-the–art science for supporting better policies and improved practices within the agricultural sector. This translation is achieved through a set of activities, some of which aim to improve the capacity to synthesize and translate science into information that is directly applicable, and some are about performing this translation per se. This is the final report that covers the period from October 2017 to 31 October 2018.
Third training workshop on research to inform agricultural and food security policy and practice in Kenya, 16-19 July 2018
(Report, 2018-07-18) Karugia, Joseph T.
The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and the Swedish AgriFoSe2030 programme, are implementing an initiative to develop the capacity of recent PhD graduates to undertake policy relevant research and analysis and disseminate their work to the policy-making community in support of agriculture and food security in Kenya. In this regard, ILRI and AgriFose2030 organized the third and the last training workshop titled “Research to inform agricultural and food security policy and practice in Kenya” at ILRI Campus, Nairobi on 16th – 19th July 2018. This report is a record of the proceedings of the workshop and a summary of participants’ evaluation of the series of capacity building workshops.
Second training workshop on research to inform agricultural and food security policy and practice in Kenya, 7–9 May 2018
(Report, 2018-05-07) Karugia, Joseph T.
The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and the Swedish AgriFoSe2030 programme, are implementing an initiative to develop the capacity of recent PhD graduates to undertake policy relevant research and analysis and disseminate their work to the policy-making community in support of agriculture and food security in Kenya. In this regard, ILRI and AgriFose2030 organized the second 3-day training workshop titled “Research to inform agricultural and food security policy and practice in Kenya” at ILRI Campus, Nairobi on 7th – 9th May 2018. The beneficiaries of the capacity development initiative are drawn from public universities and leading research institutions in the country. A total of 12 participants (5 male and 7 female) attended the workshop. The training sessions were facilitated by researchers and professors affiliated to Kenyan institutions and ILRI staff. The training gave participants an opportunity to widen their understanding on the following technical areas: generating and using evidence; engagement in policy processes; policy communication and advocacy; and monitoring and evaluating. The topics covered had been identified by the participants during the first workshop held in February 2018.
Training workshop on research to inform agricultural and food security policy and practice in Kenya, 19–21 February 2018
(Report, 2018-02-21) Karugia, Joseph T.
The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and the Swedish AgriFoSe2030 program, organized a three-day training workshop titled “Research to inform agricultural and food security policy and practice in Kenya” at ILRI Campus, Nairobi on 19th – 21st February 2018. The workshop targeted Kenyan researchers who recently attained PhD qualifications and are working on agriculture and food security issues. A total of eleven (11) participants (7 men and 4 women) from different Universities and research organizations in Kenya namely: University of Nairobi, University of Eldoret, Embu University, Chuka University and Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KARLO) participated in the workshop.
Mapping livestock value chains in the IGAD region
(Report, 2017-11) Guthiga, Paul M.; Karugia, Joseph T.; Massawe, Stella C.; Ogada, Maurice Juma; Mugweru, Lydiah; Ongudi, Silas; Mbo'o-Tchouawou, Michelle; Mulei, Leonard
The study provides CTA with recommendations on the types of value chains to be supported and information on particular nodes that CTA could be involved in. It focuses on the IGAD region, which includes eight member states: Djibouti, Somalia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda and Kenya, and on a select number of livestock commodity value chains. The study obtained data and information from ongoing and recently completed programmes.
Public agricultural expenditures in COMESA, EAC and IGAD: Status and trends
(Report, 2014) Karugia, Joseph T.; Massawe, Stella C.; Guthiga, Paul M.; Ogada, M.; Ogutu, S.; Macharia, E.
The structure and trends of public expenditure on agriculture in Mozambique
(Working Paper, 2011) Zavale, H.; Mlay, G.; Boughton, D.; Chamusso, A.; Gemo, Helder R.; Chilonda, Pius
Integrating livestock in the CAADP framework: Policy analysis using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model for Ethiopia
(Brief, 2012-05) Gelan, Ayele; Engida, Ermias; Caria, A. Stefano; Karugia, Joseph T.
This study examines the magnitude of the macro and welfare effects generated by a realistic acceleration in the productivity growth of the Ethiopian livestock sector, as compared to historical trends and to alternative scenarios of productivity expansion in the cereal and cash crop sectors. Results from the dynamic general equilibrium simulations show large aggregate gains from livestock productivity acceleration and effects on poor households’ incomes and consumption that are roughly in line with those obtained under cereal growth. This bears important initial implications for the allocation and prioritization of public investment in agriculture in Ethiopia.
Dairy sector development in CAADP and country investment plans
(Presentation, 2012-04-23) Karugia, Joseph T.
The role of livestock in the Ethiopian economy: Policy analysis using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model for Ethiopia
(Presentation, 2012-08-18) Gelan, Ayele; Engida, Ermias; Caria, A. Stefano; Karugia, Joseph T.
Forest management decentralization in Kenya: Effects on household farm forestry decisions in Kakamega
(Presentation, 2012-08-18) Ogada, Maurice Juma
Exploiting opportunities in intra-regional trade in food staples in COMESA region
(Presentation, 2012-08-18) Wanjiku, J.; Ogada, M.; Guthiga, Paul M.; Karugia, Joseph T.; Massawe, Stella C.; Wambua, J.
Integrating livestock in the CAADP framework: Policy analysis using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model for Ethiopia
(Working Paper, 2012-01-15) Gelan, Ayele; Engida, Ermias; Caria, A. Stefano; Karugia, Joseph T.
Researchers and policymakers increasingly recognize that the livestock sector supports the livelihoods of a large proportion of rural households in Africa and may have an important role to play in rural poverty reduction strategies. In order to develop this insight, economywide models should capture both the biological, dynamic relationships between the stocks and flows of livestock and the economic linkages between the sector and the rest of the economy. We extend an existing dynamic recursive general equilibrium model for the Ethiopian economy to better model the livestock sector. A separate herd dynamics module enables us to specify stock–flow relationship, distinguishing between the capital role of livestock and the flow of livestock products. We also improve the underlying system of economic accounts to better capture draft power and breeding stocks. We use this model to simulate separate, realistic Total Factor Productivity (TFP) shocks to three agricultural subsectors—cereals, cash crops, and livestock—and compare them with a baseline scenario replicating Ethiopia’s 1998 to 2007 productivity trends. In doing so, we follow Dorosh and Thurlow (2009) who have examined CAADP productivity scenarios. The results reveal the important role of the livestock sector in increasing various measures of GDP and combating food insecurity. Agricultural GDP and overall GDP growth levels achieved in the livestock TFP shock scenario are very similar to those achieved in the cereal TFP shock scenario, unlike what was previously thought. Importantly, as factors are dynamically re-allocated between agricultural activities, our analysis highlights the inefficiency of strategies focusing on cereal sector development alone. Moreover, livestock sector productivity growth leads to greater factor income growth—particularly labor income—than in the other simulations. Labor is the predominant asset of poor households and hence large income gains and food consumption growth are realized under the livestock-led scenario.
Status, distribution and determinants of poverty in the COMESA region: A review of existing knowledge
(Working Paper, 2011-08-15) Kabubo-Mariara, J.; Massawe, Stella C.; Karugia, Joseph T.; Kirui, O.; Wanjiku, J.
Poverty and vulnerability are among the major problems in Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA). To design appropriate poverty reduction initiatives for the region, it is not only important to understand the distribution of poverty but also the determinants. Various reports have documented information on the status, distribution and determinants of poverty in each of the countries. Nonetheless, not much information has been documented in a form that is easily accessible to decision makers and planners involved in designing and implementing programmes for addressing poverty reduction and food insecurity at the regional level. This paper reviews the existing knowledge on the status, distribution and determinants of poverty in the ESA region to fill that knowledge gap. It emerges from the literature that poverty in the region differs across socio-economic groups and across space. The existing poverty maps suggests that most districts and provinces whose poverty rates are lower than the national averages are located in rain fed mixed crop–livestock systems and that the highest proportion of them are in the humid and sub humid systems. High poverty rates also occur in the livestock only systems. About half of the poor provinces and districts fall in areas with short growing periods; this affects their agricultural potential. The areas are also constrained by market access. Investment in irrigation, improved water management and improved market access would play a vital role in these regions. The review suggests that household level determinants of poverty in the region include, but are not limited to: household characteristics—family composition, size and structure, age and marital status of head, gender of the head, education and other human capital capabilities; access to basic services such as social amenities, water and sanitation, credit and infrastructure; employment, occupation and incomes; asset ownership; access to remittances; burden of disease; variations in agricultural production; and declining food stocks and high food prices. Community/regional/country level determinants include: geography and related factors such as market access, agro-ecological zones, climate and ethnicity; the environment; population density; area of residence (rural vs. urban); income, growth and inequality; conflict, insecurity and political instability; and governance and corruption. However, it is difficult to separate the determinants of community level poverty from the determinants at the household level. The review further suggests that the determinants of poverty are fairly robust across many COMESA countries. This suggests the need for a consultative approach to poverty reduction in the region.
Forest management decentralization in Kenya: Effects on household farm forestry decisions in Kakamega
(Conference Paper, 2011-06-30) Nyangena, W.; Ogada, Maurice Juma; Sikei, G.
This study investigates the effects of forest decentralization through the Kenya Forest Act of 2005, on farm forestry investment decisions. The study uses household-level data collected from Kakamega forest communities in March, 2010, and controls for selection bias arising from incidental truncation by means of Heckman two-step approach. Our results reveal that participatory forest management, among other factors, significantly reduces the level of farm forestry investment among the poor rural households. This indicates that, although co-management is useful in protecting the existing government forests, a cocktail of other measures must accompany it for increased forest cover to be realized. These measures could include: increased farmer education, introduction of high-value fast-maturing farm trees and farm forestry incentive schemes.
Modeling maize price volatility in the East African market
(Poster, 2011-08) Wambua, J.M.; Massawe, Stella C.; Wanjiku, J.; Guthiga, Paul M.; Ogada, M.; Karugia, Joseph T.
The global food system has become more susceptible to periods of extreme price volatility that impact on food security especially among the vulnerable groups. Highly volatile food prices subject market players to difﬁculties in planning ahead and adjusting to ﬂuctuating market signals. This paper investigates maize prices volatility in two East African (EA) countries; Kenya and Tanzania. The exponential GARCH model was used on monthly maize price data for the period 2003 to 2010, obtained from national institutions of the countries. The ﬁndings show strong evidence that in both markets; price volatility is not prone to new market information (good or bad news) but sensitive to market events. Further, price volatility was found to be greater and more persistent in Kenya than in Tanzania throughout the period under investigation. Interestingly, price volatility in Kenya reduced signiﬁcantly after 2005 when the country withdrew the import tariff on maize from other EAC member countries. The ﬁndings of this study show that prices of staples can be stabilized through increased cross border trade.
Towards harmonized methodology for monitoring informal cross-border trade in the COMESA region
(Conference Paper, 2011-05-03) Gelan, Ayele

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