Impacto de la Adopción de Forrajes Mejorados en Fincas de Pequeños Productores en Centroamérica
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/947
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Item Producción de leche y su relación con los mercados: caso Colombiano(Working Paper, 2004) Holmann, Federico J.; Rivas Ríos, Libardo; Carulla, J.; Rivera, B.; Giraldo, Luis Alfonso; Guzmán, S.; Martínez, M.; Medina, A.; Farrow, AndrewItem Daño económico del salivazo de los pastos en la ganadería: caso Colombiano(Working Paper, 2004) Holmann, Federico J.; Peck, D.Item Impacto de la adopción de híbridos de Brachiarias resistentes al salivazo: Colombia, México, y Centroamérica(Working Paper, 2004-08) Rivas Ríos, Libardo; Holmann, Federico J.Item Costos y beneficios de suministrar heno y ensilaje durante la época seca en Honduras y Costa Rica(Working Paper, 2005) Schoonhoven, Aart van; Holmann, Federico J.; Argel M., Pedro J.; Pérez, E.; Ordoñez, Jenny C.; Chaves, J.Item Adoption of Brachiaria grasses in Mexico and Central America: a successful story(Conference Paper, 2005-06-15) Holmann, Federico J.; Argel M., Pedro J.; Lascano Aguilar, Carlos EduardoItem Los forrajes mejorados como promotores del crecimiento económico y la sostenibilidad: el caso de los pequeños ganaderos de Centroamérica.(Working Paper, 2005) Holmann, Federico J.; Rivas Ríos, LibardoItem Ex-ante evaluation of forage technologies in Peru, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua(Journal Article, 1999) Holmann, Federico J.The objective was to perform an ex-ante economic evaluation of new, legume-based forage alternatives available to farmers in Latin American tropical lowlands. These alternatives included grasses of the Brachiaria genus and the legumes Stylosanthes guianensis, Cratylia argentea, and Arachis pintoi. Case studies, involving farmers participating in the CIAT-led Tropileche Consortia convened by ILRI, were conducted in the forest margins of Pucallpa (Peru) and in the hillsides of the dry tropics of Esparza (Costa Rica) and Esquipulas (Nicaragua). A linear programming farm model developed by CIAT to maximize income was used for this analysis. Animal management parameters were based on farm averages at each reference site evaluated so that they represented current management conditions. Similarly, the model incorporated the prices of inputs and products typical of each country. A constant herd size was assumed for all alternatives evaluated. Production costs per kilogram of milk were estimated as the maximum expression of competitiveness, using three cow productivity parameters: the current average production per lactation (800 kg in Peru, 1,000 kg in Nicaragua, and 1,350 kg in Costa Rica); and two postulated parameters: 1,500 kg/lactation and 2,000 kg/lactation. For all forage options, key factors analyzed were (1) milk production costs resulting from implementing each forage alternative; (2) the investment required to establish each option, assuming the same number of milking cows and herd fertility; (3) the feasibility of obtaining credit with a local bank to invest in a forage alternative; and (4) the percentage of pasture area on the farm freed for other uses as a result of establishing one of the forage alternatives. Results indicated that the forage alternatives evaluated significantly improved the competitiveness of dual purpose farms in the hillsides of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, reducing the cost of producing milk between 13% and 37% with increased stocking rates, releasing up to 36% of area allocated to pastures. However, under current commercial banking conditions (real interest rates of 13% in Costa Rica and 18% in Nicaragua with payback periods of 5 years), the implementation of the options evaluated were not financially viable except for the establishment of Cratyla with sugarcane for dry-season feeding and Stylosanthes for pre-weaned calves. For all options to be implemented with commercial credit, a longer payback period was needed (8-10 years) and lower real interest rates (5-10%). The case of the forest margins of Pucallpa, was different, as none of the forage options evaluated, except Stylosanthes for pre-weaned calves, improved the competitiveness of farms under current management and production conditions due to low milk yields per cow and low proportion of herd in milk, which increased depreciation cost/cow to levels which were not viable. In addition, Pucallpa has an excess supply of forage biomass from a reduced herd inventory during the 80s and a limited fresh milk market which makes adoption of improved forages low attractive by farmers.Item Evolution of milk production systems in tropical Latin America and its interrelationship with markets: an analysis of the Colombian case(Journal Article, 2003) Holmann, Federico J.; Rivas Ríos, Libardo; Carulla, J.; Rivera, B.; Giraldo, L.; Guzmán, S.; Martínez, M.; Medina, A.; Farrow, AndrewThe objectives were to: (1) identify and quantify the effect of technological change on productivity, profitability, and competitiveness in different milk production systems and regions of the country; (2) analyze the relationship between productivity, technological change, profitability, and competitiveness; (3) analyze the evolution of milk production systems in Colombia; and (4) discuss the market concentration and its impact on the formation of milk price. Data came from a survey to 545 farms during the year 2000 in five regions: Caribbean and Piedmont in the lowlands, Coffee Growing, Antioquia, and the Cundiboyacense altiplanicie in the highlands. The survey was designed to quantify inputs and products in order to determine costs and prices at the farm level in order to calculate (a) variable costs for feed supplementation, labor, health, reproduction, fertilization, and irrigation; (b) gross income from the sale of milk and beef, and (c) to characterize farms according to productivity level and management practices. The statistical analysis of multiple correspondence and general linear models were used to explain the variability observed between productivity and profitability as a function of technological change. Independent of the production system or the region where farms were located, the increase in competitiveness was in direct relationship with herd size. Thus, as herd size increased, production costs per unit of milk and beef decreased, net incomes per cow increased, and the return to capital investment improved. However, when this increase in competitiveness was associated with increases in productivity, this trend was not observed, which suggested that highly productive farms were not necessarily competitive. The dual-purpose system was the most profitable one in the Piedmont, Caribbean, and Coffee growing regions while in Antioquia and in the Cundiboyacense altiplanicie the most profitable was the specialized dairy system. With regards to technological change, the adoption of improved pastures and the investment in pasture divisions for a more efficient rotation generated higher productivity and income in all regions and production systems, as well as increased competitiveness through a reduction in production costs per unit of milk and beef. The use of strategic feed supplementation to the basal diet of forage had mixed effects. The best economic response to this supplementation in lowland regions (i.e., Piedmont and Caribbean) was with low quantities (i.e., < 0.5 kg DM/cow/day) of feed supplements while in highland regions (i.e., Coffee Growing area, Antioquia and the Cundiboyacense altiplanicie) was with moderate quantities (i.e., between 0.5 and 2 kg DM/cow/day). The use of fertilization and irrigation increased productivity, but reduced net income and increased production costs, except in the Cundiboyacense altiplanicie. The practice of milking twice a day increased both productivity and profitability and reduced production costs, except in the Caribbeanregion. Farms that de-wormed milking cows with low frequency against internal and external parasites obtained higher incomes and lower production costs in comparison with farms that de-wormed cows with higher frequency although there were no differences in productivity. The amount of years of experience of farmers at producing milk was a key factor to increase profits, although not productivity. Farms located in sites where the commercial value of land was high (>US$6,000/ha) and near market centers had higher productivity that those with commercial value of land medium ($3,000 to $6,000/ha) and low (<$3,000/ha) but were less profitable in all regions.Item Sistemas de doble propósito y su viabilidad en el contexto de los pequeños y medianos productores en América Latina tropical(Conference Paper, 2002-11) Rivas Ríos, Libardo; Holmann, Federico J.Item Evaluación económica de sistemas de producción de leche en el tropico(Conference Paper, 1998) Holmann, Federico J.Item Farmer and industry funding of agricultural research in Colombia(Book Chapter, 2002) Estrada, R.D.; Posada, R.; Holmann, Federico J.Item El Uso de modelos de simulación como herramienta para la toma de decisiones en la promoción de nuevas alternativas forrajeras: el caso de Costa Rica y Perú(Conference Paper, 2000) Holmann, Federico J.Item Reflexiones sobre la competitividad de distintos modelos de producción de leche en América Latina tropical(Conference Paper, 1997) Holmann, Federico J.Item Una nueva estrategia para mejorar los sistemas de producción de doble propósito en los tropicos: el consorcio tropileche(Conference Paper, 1998) Holmann, Federico J.; Lascano Aguilar, Carlos EduardoItem Adopción temprana de Arachis pintoi en el tropico húmedo: el caso de los sistemas ganaderos de doble propósito en Caquéta, Colombia(Journal Article, 1999) Rivas Ríos, Libardo; Holmann, Federico J.Item Avances en las actividades del consorcio tropileche(Conference Paper, 1998) Holmann, Federico J.Item Taller de trabajo sobre avances de investigación en el consorcio tropileche(Conference Paper, 1999) Holmann, Federico J.; Lascano Aguilar, Carlos Eduardo; Ramírez, A.Item Will intensifying pasture management in Latin America protect forests - or is it the other way around?(Book Chapter, 2000) White, D.; Holmann, Federico J.; Fujisaka, Sam; Reategui, K.; Lascano Aguilar, Carlos EduardoItem Evaluación económica de sistemas de producción de leche en el trópico(Book Chapter, 1998) Holmann, Federico J.Item Alternativas agropecuarias en la región Pacífico central de Costa Rica: un modelo de simulación aplicable a sistemas de producción animal de doble propósito(Book Chapter, 1997) Holmann, Federico J.; Estrada, R.D.
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