CGIAR Initiative on Fragility, Conflict, and Migration

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/128444

Part of the CGIAR Action Area on Systems Transformation

https://www.cgiar.org/initiative/fragility-conflict-and-migration

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Women's advocacy trainings stabilize livelihoods and build inclusive rural communities in southwestern Nigeria
(Blog Post, 2024-12-31) Kosec, Katrina; Kyle, Jordan
In many rural areas of Nigeria, women face significant barriers to economic participation, political engagement, and participation in community governance. Despite playing a crucial role in agricultural production, women often lack access to the resources, networks, and influence needed to shape their own economic futures. Structural barriers limit their opportunities to engage in advocacy, contribute to policy discussions, and assert their rights in community decision-making. Furthermore, prevailing gender norms can make it difficult for women to benefit from empowerment programs without support from their husbands or male family members. Addressing these challenges is essential to fostering more inclusive and resilient communities where women can thrive both socially and economically.
How do interconnected dynamics of climate, security and human mobility interplay in Mali: Climate security pathway analysis
(Brief, 2025-02-05) Synnestvedt, Thea; Penel, Charlotte; Sarzana, Carolina; Cisse, Sokhna Ramatoulaye
In Mali, severe droughts and floods are becoming increasingly prominent, with average temperatures increasing. The climatic changes are leading to loss of livelihoods which exacerbate already poor socio-economic conditions. Simultaneously, tensions have been ongoing since Mali’s independence from colonialist powers in the 1960’s reaching new heights in 2012 with the Tuareg rebellion, which escalated into armed conflict. This has reduced the resilience and adaptive capacities of individuals, communities, and the state to respond to climate-related risks, while climate change and extreme weather events have exacerbated vulnerabilities, heightening conflict risks. Human mobility is a common form of adaptation to climate change, as well as violence and armed conflict. The impact of climate change on natural resources and livelihoods compels people to migrate or engage in transhumance livelihoods to sustain themselves, while more immediate climatic hazards such as natural disasters cause immediate displacements, impacting the overall human security situation. Similarly, conflict, especially in the Sahel region, has triggered widespread displacement. The aim of this factsheet is to identify some of the ways in which these components, namely, climate change, human security risks, conflict and human mobility interact within the context of Mali. In order to improve understanding of the ways in which these components interlink, it is helpful to delve deeper into the different pathways for how these dynamics play out in different contexts. Thus, the climate security mobility pathways explore the ways in which climate related risks interlink with and potentially exacerbate social tensions and conflict, as well as how conflict interact with climatic changes to alter the security landscape in Mali and the consequential changes to human mobility patterns. Although the situation in Mali is rapidly evolving, the identified pathways remain relevant in establishing a foundational understanding of Mali’s complex climate security landscape. Four main pathways have been identified for how these dynamics shape the local peace and security landscape in Mali.
Towads a common vision of climate, peace and security in Zimbabwe
(Report, 2024-12) Makanda, Joseph; Maviza, Gracsious; Caroli, Giulia; Tarusarira, Joram; Gadu, Siyaxola; Maphosa, Mandlenkosi; Takaindisa, Joyce; Onivola, Minoarivelo; de Coning, Cedric; Gumindonga, Webster; Moyo, Nqobile; Laderach, Peter
This report addresses the interconnected challenges posed by climate change, migration, fragility, and socio-economic vulnerability in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe has been significantly impacted by climate variability, evidenced by rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, frequent droughts, and devastating cyclones, which threaten agriculture, the environment, and the livelihoods of millions who depend on rain-fed farming. The report highlights the systemic challenges Zimbabwe faces, including food and water insecurity, displacement, and conflicts over dwindling resources. These issues are further complicated by Zimbabwe’s limited adaptive capacity, economic instability, and the gendered impacts of climate change, which disproportionately affect women and girls. A two-day workshop convened in Harare by the CGIAR Climate Security team, SAPPC and ACCORD brought together key stakeholders to develop a shared understanding and identify strategies to address the peace and security risks associated with climate change and migration. This led to a common vision centred on four main pathways that link climate impacts to socio-political instability in Zimbabwe: 1. Resource competition: scarcity of natural resources, particularly water, has intensified tensions and conflicts, especially in communities where artisanal mining exacerbates land degradation. 2. Food and livelihood insecurity: extreme weather events disrupt agricultural productivity, prompting negative coping strategies like deforestation and artisanal mining, which contribute to environmental degradation and socio-economic strain. 3. Human mobility and displacement: Climate-induced migration is prevalent, with people relocating temporarily or permanently in response to disasters or economic hardship, often straining resources and services in host areas. 4. Negative coping strategies: As communities struggle to adapt, some turn to harmful practices like illegal mining and drug trade, which further destabilize communities. The report outlines a multifaceted policy and programmatic framework to mitigate these impacts, calling for collaborative efforts among government, civil society, and international organizations. Key recommendations include strengthening climate-resilient policies, ensuring conflict-sensitive climate finance, fostering community engagement, and leveraging Indigenous knowledge alongside modern science. Enhanced evidence-based research and integrated climate, peace, and security programs are essential to achieving sustainable development and resilience against climate impacts in Zimbabwe.
Host community vulnerability analysis to strengthen anticipatory action in fragile settings: a case study of Mekelle, Tigray Region, Ethiopia
(Report, 2024-12-30) McTough, Mitchell; Zerihun, Z.; Tsfamariam, Z.; Ruckstuhl, Sandra
Navigating climate resilience in fragile settings: a retrospective analysis of the 2023 flood impacts, early warning, and response in Ethiopia’s Somali Region
(Report, 2024-12-30) Mabumbo, Decide; Nohayi, Ngowenani; Sanchez Ramirez, Juan Carlos; Dessalegn, Mengistu; Ruckstuhl, Sandra
The Fall 2023 floods in the Somali Region of Ethiopia caused widespread devastation, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations, including refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs), and host communities. This case study, conducted by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) as part of the CGIAR Fragility, Conflict, and Migration (FCM) initiative, provides a detailed examination of the systemic factors that exacerbated the disaster's impacts. It evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of early warning systems and offers actionable recommendations to enhance disaster risk management (DRM) in the region. The analysis is based on rigorous desk research and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, including government officials, humanitarian organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and development actors, both at the national and subnational levels.
Enhancing agricultural resilience in Uzbekistan through farmers’ decisionmaking autonomy
(Brief, 2025-01) Djanibekov, Nodir; Takeshima, Hiroyuki; Mirkasimov, Bakhrom; Akramov, Kamiljon T.
KEY MESSAGE • Greater farmer’s decision-making autonomy enhances resilience in technical efficiency during economic shocks. • Technical efficiency improves with autonomy, as farmers can adjust resource use, sustain productivity, and make adaptive choices regarding crop selection and input management. • Eliminating top-down land allocations, granting secure land use rights, expanding financial and market access, and decentralizing training programs can improve the capacity of farmers to become more productive and adaptable in the face of current and future challenges.
Household coping strategies and food security in the multi-shock environment of Mali
(Working Paper, 2025-01-31) Ulimwengu, John M.
This study investigates household coping strategies and food security outcomes within the context of multiple, overlapping shocks, including conflict, food price volatility, climate events, and economic instability. Utilizing a unique household dataset on Mali combined with probit models to account for the compounded effects of these systemic shocks, the analysis highlights significant elasticities between specific shocks and household responses. Key findings demonstrate that while preventive measures, such as income diversification, strengthen resilience, reactive strategies like selling productive assets or borrowing money or food provide only short-term relief but undermine long-term sustainability. The impact of coping strategies on food security measures, including the Food Consumption Score (FCS), Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS), and Household Hunger Scale (HHS), reveals the trade-offs Malian households make between immediate needs and future stability. The study emphasizes the critical role of policy interventions in mitigating these vulnerabilities, including strengthening social safety nets, expanding access to financial services, and promoting climate-resilient agricultural practices. By integrating the analysis of multiple shocks, this research provides actionable insights for building household and community resilience in environments of compounded risk.
Workshop Report Promoting Risk management solutions in fragile settings of Northern Nigeria
(Report, 2025-01-30) Ajeigbe, Hakeem A.; Banerjee, Rupsha R.; Shikuku, Kelvin Mashisia; Whitbread, Anthony M.
The livestock sector in Northern Nigeria plays a crucial role in the country’s economy, contributing significantly to food security, livelihoods, and cultural identity. However, this sector faces numerous challenges, particularly in fragile settings characterized by conflict, climate variability, and socio-economic instability. Recognizing the urgent need for effective risk management solutions, the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) organized an interactive session aimed at promoting strategies to enhance resilience within livestock production systems. This report synthesizes insights gained during the session, focusing on key research questions that guided discussions: 1. What are the risk types prioritized in the livestock value chain? 2. How do these risks interact to compound impacts for different social groups? 3. What are the various risk management strategies currently in place? 4. What entry points exist to enhance the effectiveness of these strategies for building resilience? The report is structured to address these questions systematically, providing a comprehensive overview of the identified risks, their implications, and potential management strategies. This report highlights the significant challenges and opportunities within Nigeria's livestock sector, which is crucial to the country's agricultural economy. Northern Nigeria faces severe vulnerabilities due to climate change, including increased temperatures, variable rainfall, desertification, and extreme weather events such as floods and droughts. These factors exacerbate natural resource degradation and conflicts in pastoral areas, making them increasingly fragile.
Baseline data for Yemen School Milk Initiative Study
(Dataset, 2024-12-30) International Food Policy Research Institute
IFPRI, in collaboration with implementation partners HSA Group and World Food Programme, evaluated the impact of adding a milk intervention to a micronutrient fortified school feeding program. The study is a cluster randomized control trial (cRCT) that took place in 42 schools in Al Mukha district, Yemen. The evaluation includes baseline surveys with households and schools conducted before implementing the milk intervention (November-December 2023), and endline surveys conducted with the same households and schools after the interventions (April-May 2024). These datasets are with respect to the baseline surveys and contains baseline household and school data. The first part comprises household-level modules such as household roster, housing, assets, food security, and occurrence of shocking events. The second part comprises individual-level modules administered to children receiving the program, which include nutritional status, diet, health, cognition, and learning. The last part includes the school level modules such as infrastructure and food environment, administered to school staff.
Successful farmer-herder integration in African agropastoral systems: A systematic case study review—A working paper
(Working Paper, 2024-12-30) Djohy, G.; Crane, Todd A.
Lessons learned on food security in the Yemen crisis
(Conference Proceedings, 2024) Kurdi, Sikandra
From the wealthy kingdom the Queen of Sheba to the “Arabia Felix” on Roman maps, Yemen was historically known as a rich, fertile, and fortunate land. In the late twentieth century, however, Yemen’s economic growth was stalled by a weak central government and complex tribal patronage system. Unlike other neighboring Gulf states, Yemen has very limited oil reserves, and remittance income from migrants became a major source of income, displacing investment in agricultural production. Coupled with high population growth, Yemen increasingly became dependent on imported food supplies. Poverty and malnutrition rates were also high. In 2013, 46.5% of children under 5 in Yemen were stunted and 16.3% suffered from acute malnutrition (Yemen DHS 2013). These development challenges in Yemen exploded into a humanitarian emergency with the beginning of the ongoing war in 2015. Currently, it is estimated that more than half of children in Yemen are malnourished and all areas of the country are classified as in crisis or worse by IPC. With a population of approximately 20 million, this makes Yemen by some accounts the largest humanitarian crisis in the world at present. Assessments of the situation also emphasize that the situation would be worse without ongoing humanitarian support. In the period from 2015-2022, an estimated 16 billion dollars was donated and spent through the interagency standing committee coordinated appeal. The World Food Program alone supports nearly 13 million of the most vulnerable people with emergency food assistance (WFP 2023). The humanitarian response in Yemen is one of the largest in the world and many of the challenges and lessons in the response to the food security crisis in Yemen are generalizable more broadly to fragile and conflict-affected settings and import-dependent settings. Most broadly, the challenge in Yemen has been to balance the short-term perspective of needing to respond to an emergency situation with the realization that after over eight years of conflict, longer-term needs and interests also have to be considered. In particular, lessons from Yemen include the degree to which import dependence increases vulnerability, the potential for expanded use of cash transfers, the importance of supporting the private business in the agro-food sector even during a humanitarian crisis, the role of local organizations, and the challenges of coordination on targeting.
The challenge of responding to multiple and compounding food shocks: The case of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
(Conference Proceedings, 2024) Ulimwengu, John M.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has been the centre stage of various crises, ranging from political instability, violence and insecurity to the biggest outbreak of Ebola in the world’s history. As a result, the country’s development status remains low, characterised by pronounced malnutrition, high poverty rates and fragile livelihoods (INS, 2019; Marivoet, De Herdt, & Ulimwengu, 2019). At the same time, the DRC is endowed with countless natural resources. The country has the potential to become one of the richest economies on the continent and a driver of African growth. Given that around 65% of total population live in rural areas, the agriculture sector has by far the biggest potential to be an engine of inclusive development. Despite its significant agricultural and mineral resources, the DRC has the largest number of food insecure people in the world, resulting from a combination of factors including conflict, increased food prices and transportation costs, as well as the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and other epidemics. The country’s protracted food crisis is compounded by one of the world’s longest-running armed conflicts with armed forces associated with foreign forces that continue to fight intensely in the eastern territories. According to the 2023 Global Report on Food Crises (GRFS) (FSIN, 2023), the Democratic Republic of the Congo has the highest numbers of people in IPC Phase 3 or above, at about 26.43 million, accounting for over 55 percent of the region’s total number of people in these phases, mostly due to compounding shocks the country experiences. The armed conflict in Eastern DRC has led to the displacement of people, often forcing them to abandon their farms and livestock. The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reports that as of 2021, there were over 5 million internally displaced people in DRC (OCHA, 2021). The displacement severely undermines food production, leading to food shortages in the region. The ongoing conflict has led to the destruction of infrastructure crucial for agriculture, such as irrigation systems, storage facilities, and roads needed for the transportation of food and farming inputs. This has also reduced the ability of farmers to engage in productive agriculture, leading to food insecurity (FAO, 2020). Even when food is available, conflict can make it difficult for people to access markets due to safety concerns. Roads are often blocked by armed groups, preventing the transportation of food to markets (WFP, 2021). Timely response to these shocks becomes critical as households and communities that have lost their livelihoods because of a shock can rapidly deplete assets and engage in coping strategies with long-term effects on well-being. Given resources constraints, proposed responses must be based on evidence. However, in addition to the lack of adequate data, empirical misspecifications may lead to erroneous evidence; therefore, increasing the challenge to design, implement, and monitor required interventions in the face of multiple shocks. In this paper, using the case of Eastern DRC, I highlight the need for researchers and policymakers to consider the complexities and nuances of different shocks and their interactions in order to design more effective food security interventions.
Baseline analysis for an impact evaluation of a home-grown school feeding program in Osun State, Nigeria to support smallholder farmers
(Report, 2024-12-31) Andam, Kwaw; Amare, Mulubrhan; Bamiwuye, Temilolu; Gelli, Aulo; Kosec, Katrina; Abay, Kibrom; Fasoranti, Adetunji
Home-Grown School Feeding Programs (HGSFPs) are becoming important policy instruments to improve food security, nutrition, education, agricultural production, and local economic growth (Adeyanju et al., 2024; Abay et al., 2021; Sitali, 2021; Takeshima et al., 2018; Fernandes et al., 2016; Karisa and Ordho, 2014; WFP, 2013). While the potential of HGFSPs to tackle undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies is well documented (Alderman, Bundy, Gelli, 2024), their role in supporting local value chains and smallholder farmers remains an area of active inquiry. Following international trends and lessons, Nigeria started delivering HGSFP which includes utilizing locally sourced foods instead of imports (Dennis et al., 2021). These programs provide school meals using locally sourced food from smallholder farmers within the same community (Sumberg & Sabates-Wheeler, 2011). In 2004, Nigeria’s National HGSFP was piloted in 12 states, covering all six geopolitical zones. However, the national government abruptly halted the program, with Osun relaunching the program in 2012 using state-level funds. Osun State is currently the only Nigerian state that implements the program—and considered one of the more successful states for implementing it. Despite stoppages of the program, lessons learned from the pilot phase offered valuable operational and policy insights for implementing the National HGSFP in 2016, with the aim of using farm produce locally grown by smallholder farmers to provide children with nutritious mid-day meals on every school day (Adeyanju et al., 2024).
Building climate-resilient livelihoods for refugees and host communities in Jordan
(Blog Post, 2024-12-22) Marianne, Gadeberg; Schapendonk, Frans; Jaskolski, Martina Sherin
The World Food Programme (WFP) has requested researchers from the CGIAR Research Initiative on Fragility, Conflict, and Migration (FCM) to investigate which financing options could enable refugees and host communities to invest in climate-resilient, sustainable livelihoods. The result is a series of research-backed recommendations set to inform future WFP projects.
Climate Security Observatory - Somalia
(Brief, 2024-12-10) Sax, Niklas; Schapendonk, Frans; Kenduiywo, Benson; Villa, Victor; Craparo, Alessandro; Benzid, Rym; Nunow, Abdimajid; Pacillo, Grazia
Climate security explores whether climate change increases the risk of armed conflict and, if so, under which circumstances this relationship occurs. People in fragile and conflict-affected areas are also among the most vulnerable to climate change, making it vital to understand the climate-conflict interplay for resilience and peacebuilding. A major challenge for governments in vulnerable, fragile, and conflict-affected regions is managing these complex interactions. Currently, they lack effective tools to implement climate strategies that address social grievances driving conflict and adapt to changing dynamics. In response, conflict-sensitive approaches to climate action are gaining support as mechanisms to ensure transitions to carbon-neutral economies and climate-resilient societies are equitable and aligned with peacebuilding goals. This report summarizes six intersecting pathways between climate, peace, and security in Somalia developed through a multi-methods approach. It also assesses Somalia's current policy landscape to evaluate whether it currently evidences strategic and operational linkages across key policy sectors for climate, peace, and security, and puts forward a set of policy and programming recommendations to orient climate action to mitigate underlying drivers of conflict and contribute to a sustainable peace.
Irrigated vegetable production interventions in humanitarian emergencies: Ethiopia country deep dive
(Report, 2024-12-30) Singh, Radhika; Minh, Thai Thi; Schmitter, Petra
Ethiopia is grappling with escalating humanitarian crises, including conflict-induced displacement and climate-related emergencies, and therefore mounting humanitarian needs. However, amidst these challenges, there is hope in the form of irrigated vegetable production (IVP) interventions, which have the potential to significantly decrease household vulnerability and build resilience to future shocks and stresses. Most importantly, these interventions aim to empower households by helping them generate additional income and improve their nutrition. For this study, 20 key informant interviews were conducted with humanitarian organizations in Ethiopia to understand how they design and implement IVP interventions during emergencies. Data from these interviews were combined with insights from secondary sources, including journal articles and project reports, to identify critical challenges and opportunities for IVP in Ethiopia. Key recommendations from this study include improving design and implementation of IVP interventions by humanitarian organizations. The recommendations are aligned with the Standards for Establishing Seed Systems in Disaster Settings (SEADS) minimum standards and complement SEADS guidance on tools, equipment, and other non-seed inputs and advice on impact monitoring and evaluation. First, it is necessary that IVP design, planning, and implementation are contextually relevant. This involves aligning interventions with the preferences and needs of beneficiaries by conducting comprehensive assessments of their vulnerabilities and tailoring interventions to the dynamics of the food, land, and water systems affected by emergencies. Gender inclusion is also highlighted in the recommendations, with a focus on understanding the household- and community-level gender dynamics that play a role in selection of crops and technologies. Second, mobilization of resources and investments to address funding shortages is important. This entails leveraging existing market structures, partnering with private sector entities, and collaborating with research institutions and government agencies. Inclusive financial mechanisms are recommended to support the more vulnerable households. Third, it is imperative to strengthen organizational capacity for resilience and long-term learning. This includes building comprehensive needs analysis capacity, implementing holistic IVP interventions, and influencing the enabling environment. Developing intra-organizational learning and strong monitoring and evaluation systems is also suggested. Lastly, organizational learning should be improved through data and knowledge management. This involves integrating data from multiple sources into a single platform, ensuring quick and easy access to it, and establishing robust reporting systems. The formation of a community of practice (CoP) focused on IVP in Ethiopia is proposed as a mechanism for knowledge sharing, capacity building, research collaboration, and policy alignment. These recommendations offer a roadmap for humanitarian organizations, donors, and policymakers aiming to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of IVP interventions in emergency contexts within Ethiopia. They also provide a framework for engaging with existing policies and governance structures and creating an enabling environment for effective intervention.
Anticipatory action in communities hosting refugees and internally displaced persons: a synthesis report with case studies from Ethiopia, Jordan and Pakistan
(Report, 2024-12-30) Adam-Bradford, A.; Anagreh, A.; Dessalegn, Mengistu; Hafeez, Mohsin; Khalid, Sidra; Mekuria, Wolde; Melaku, Dagmawi; Schindler, A.; Singh, R.; Ruckstuhl, Sandra
UNHCR (2024a) reports that by June 2024 there were an estimated 122.6 million people around the world who have been forced to flee their homes. Among them were nearly 43.7 million refugees. This poses immense challenges for the humanitarian sector. These challenges are particularly acute in fragile states, such as Libya, Somalia, South Sudan and Syria, where civil war has pushed respective populations into extreme levels of vulnerability. Likewise, in the Occupied Palestinian Territories and Ukraine, ongoing wars have created impossible conditions for the humanitarian sector. Forced displacement from war, conflict and disasters is putting additional pressure on natural resources, such as food, land, and water systems (FLWSs) in host communities, in some cases leading to tensions between internally displaced persons (IDPs), refugees, and their hosts. In all these cases of forced displacement, the compounding effects of climate change are being felt, in some cases contributing as a dynamic pressure to ongoing conflicts, such as Somalia and Syria, or as in the case of Ethiopia, Jordan and Pakistan, leading to extreme weather events including flash flooding, droughts and heatwaves. Climate impacts are exacerbated by human processes such as deforestation, loss of wetlands and urbanization, which have reduced the buffer capacity of landscapes to absorb climate-related impacts such as the slightest variations in rainfall patterns and even relatively low increases in temperatures. In response to these challenges, the CGIAR Initiative on Fragility, Conflict, and Migration (FCM) was launched. The initiative aimed to address challenges to livelihood, food, and climate security faced by some of the most vulnerable populations worldwide. The Initiative focuses on building climate resilience, promoting gender equity, and fostering social inclusion. The FCM Initiative has a four‐pronged approach: (1) strengthen anticipatory action and governance to mitigate the impact of compound crises (WP1– ANTICIPATE); (2) bridge emergency operations with long‐ term sustainability principles (WP2–BRIDGE); (3) generate evidence to guide effective policies and programming to promote stability and women’s empowerment (WP3–STABILIZE); and (4) accelerate innovations that address humanitarian‐peace‐ development (HDP) priorities alongside local innovators, including women (WP4–ACCELERATE) As part of the CGIAR’s FCM initiative, the ANTICIPATE work package has carried out research In Ethiopia, Jordan and Pakistan, with a focus on the respective host communities to identify common risks to FLWSs, ascertain prevailing responses to increased stress on FLWSs, and to produce policy recommendations to support the development of anticipatory action strategies. This also includes the development of an integrated host community vulnerability framework (IHCVF) that supports the planning and design of anticipatory action approaches, disaster risk reduction (DRR) and longer-term resilience-building initiatives, such as adaptation strategies and nature-based solutions. This research report provides a synthesis of the work that was conducted under the ANTICIPATE work package, drawing from the three case studies in Ethiopia, Jordan and Pakistan.
D4N2024 Presentation Showcase – THEMATIC SESSION 5a: Food access: constraints and facilitators
(Presentation, 2024-12-05) Khalid, Sidra; Safna, L. M. F.; Hossain, Md. Mokbul; Rahman, Md. Mahbubur; Anowar, Sadat; Mishra, Punit; Islam, Nazia; Khanal, Binod; Das, Namita
D4N2024 Presentation Showcase – THEMATIC SESSION 5a: Food access: constraints and facilitators Oral presentations Influence of Disasters on the Urban Poor’s Food Environments and Security Nisha Arunatilake, Director of Research, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka Understanding the impact of disasters and climate displacement on food and water security in Pakistan Sidra Khalid, Gender and Social Inclusion Researcher, International Water Management Institute Food Insecurity, Nutritional Deficiencies, and Academic Challenges: Evaluation among Undergraduates at the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka L.M.F. Safna, Graduate, University of Peradeniya Predictors of changes in household food insecurity in rural, non-slum urban and slum areas of Bangladesh: Evidence from a longitudinal study Md Mokbul Hossain, Senior Analyst (Statistics), BRAC University An assessment of a food-based social protection program and its impact on food and nutrition security in the targeted households in Bangladesh Md Mahbubur Rahman, Research Director, Food Planning and Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Food, Government of Bangladesh Rapid-fire presentations Determinants of Household Dietary Diversity in Bangladesh: Role of Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Md Sadat Anowar, Research Analyst, International Food Policy Research Institute Unequal Plates: Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Inequality among Population with Limited Resources Punit Mishra, Lead, Research and Partnerships, Population Council Exploring Food Insecurity and Support in Slum Areas of Bangladesh during COVID-19: Lessons for Future Emergencies in Light of “Right to Food” Nazia Islam, Learning, Evaluation and Documentation Specialist, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University Food and nutritional diversity by ethnicity in Nepal Binod Khanal, Post doctoral researcher, Prairie View A&M University Strengthening Urban Food Security through Enhanced Food Safety Practices in West Bengal Namita Das, PhD Scholar, Natural Science Research Center, Belda College, Vidyasagar University & Project Manager, Samposhyam Foundation
Understanding internal migration in Mali: drivers, patterns, and dynamics using geospatial technology
(Report, 2024-12-15) Paliwal, Ambica; Cherotich, Fredah; Emanuel, Jacob; Craparo, Alessandro; Basel, Ashleigh; Minoarivelo, Henintsoa Onivola; Ba, Baba; Wane, Abdrahmane; Whitbread, Anthony M.
Youth-led aquaculture in Northern Ghana
(Blog Post, 2024-08-12) Tall, Maimouna; Appiah, Sarah; Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; Zane, Giulia

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