WLE Technical Reports
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Item ET-Network Regional Training Workshop Tunis, December 6-9, 2019(Report, 2021) Gamal, R.There are several online databases as well as algorithms exist to map the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) in time and space. However, these data basis and algorithms are based on equations using complex land-plant-atmosphere interactions. Before using these databases and algorithms to map Eta, there is a strong need to understand the theory on which ETa is mapped. Further, there is a strong need to validate the results of these remote sensing derived Eta measurements. Therefore, there is a dire need to build the capacity of the local institutions who are end user of these products. If they are not able to map the Eta, at least they should understand the basis of these maps. Further, the local institutions should have not only physical infrastructure to validate the remote sensing derived ETa products but also fully understand how Eta is measured from these instruments. Keeping this in mid, ICARDA organized a four days training in Tunis. In this training, ET experts from Jordan, Egypt, Tunis, Lebanon and Morocco participated. The participants were trained on ET measurements using energy balance methodologies with a special focus on Cordoba-ET system, the CORDOVA-ET system, data collection, analysis and dissemination as a standardized validation protocol as well as from the other field ETa methods of determination. Detail of the training program is given in Annex-I.Item E – Learning Training Course on “Date Palm Value Chain Analysis, Management, and Market Linkages in the GCC Countries”(Report, 2021-07-31) Dhehibi, B.; Ibrahim, A. O.; Hilali, M. E.; Niane, A. A.; Nejatian, A.Value chain encompasses the full range of activities and services required to bring a product or service from its conception to sale in its final markets—whether local, national, regional, or global. Value chains include input suppliers, producers, processors, and buyers, as well as the support services and enabling environments that form a dynamic market system. It is in the frame of the APRP-ICARDA date palm project named “Developing sustainable production systems for date palm in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries” activities, an E-learning training course on “Date Palm Value Chain Analysis, Management and Market Linkages” is planned to be delivered. The E-learning training course is aimed at equipping the participants with principles and practices of the date palm value chain and market linkages management. The course is designed to enable the participants from Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Bahrain to effectively contributing to the implementation of the socio-economic activities planned in the frame of the outlined project.Item Participatory management and sustainable use of groundwater: a review of the Andhra Pradesh Farmer-Managed Groundwater Systems project in India(Report, 2021-12-16) Reddy, V. R.; Pavelic, Paul; Reddy, M. S.This GRIPP Case Profile assesses whether the proactive involvement of rural communities in the management of groundwater positively contributes towards sustainable resource use. The assessment uses the long-term (2003-2013) Andhra Pradesh Farmer-Managed Groundwater Systems (APFAMGS) project in India as a case study. Implemented across seven districts, the assessment is based on a critical review and synthesis of existing literature and complementary field visits conducted five years after project closure. APFAMGS worked towards creating awareness and bringing about behavioral change to achieve sustainable groundwater use, primarily for irrigation. The approach focused on knowledge transfer and capacity building to set up participatory processes conducive to informal management measures, and technologies supporting participatory hydrological monitoring and crop water budgeting. In addition, awareness creation in relation to demand as well as supply side management options was critical. The analysis suggests that APFAMGS has helped in filling the knowledge and information gaps on groundwater resources among local farming communities. Some degree of long-term reduction in groundwater pumping was observed, but the attribution to the project is not clear, and effects on reducing groundwater level declines may be limited and localized. The APFAMGS approach of participatory groundwater management (PGM) fell short in terms of equity considerations, with implications for the institutional sustainability of the approach. The study provides policy guidance for adopting more inclusive PGM-based institutions on a wider scale.Item A Guide to Scaling Resource Recovery & Reuse (RRR) Business Innovations in Africa and Asia(Report, 2021-11-01) Danso, George K.; Drechsel, Pay; Cofie, Olufunke O.Domestic waste is a continuously increasing urbanization challenge. Over the last decade, researchers with the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) have developed, tested and implemented (e.g. as PPP) a variety of RRR technologies and business models that simultaneously reduce the waste burden and support the return of resources like crop nutrients, biosolids and reclaimed water to agricultural production. The review compared over 20 scaling models and tools to identify those which best support the RRR innovations.Item Impact tracking: a practitioner-developed approach to scaling agricultural innovation in Ethiopia(Report, 2021-11-15) Child, K.; Desta, G.; Douthwaite, Boru; Haileslassie, Amare; Rooyen, Andre F. van; Tamene, Lulseged D.; Uhlenbrook, StefanThis paper argues for more creativity and flexibility in agricultural research for development (AR4D) scaling and impact evaluation in complex contexts. While acknowledging the importance of setting reasonable end-of-project targets and outcomes, we argue that the achievement of outcomes and impacts, particularly in complex contexts, requires adaptive management and acknowledgment that significant positive outcomes and impacts may occur after the project funding cycle is complete. The paper presents a practitioner-developed approach to scaling AR4D innovations called Impact Tracking (IT). We illustrate IT in practice by presenting three case studies from Ethiopia in which IT proved crucial to achieving impact. The paper concludes by drawing lessons from the case studies and discussing what implications IT may have for development practitioners.Item Guidelines and indicators for Target 6.6 of the SDGs: “change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time”(Report, 2017) Dickens, Chris; Rebelo, Lisa-Maria; Nhamo, LuxonItem Groundwater governance: a synthesis. [Project report of the Groundwater Governance in the Arab World - Taking Stock and Addressing the Challenges](Report, 2016) Molle, Francois; Closas, AlvarItem Business model scenarios and suitability: smallholder solar pump-based irrigation in Ethiopia. Agricultural Water Management – Making a Business Case for Smallholders(Report, 2018) Otoo, Miriam; Lefore, Nicole; Schmitter, Petra S.; Barron, Jennie; Gebregziabher, GebrehaweriaThis report outlines a business model approach to assessing the feasibility and for encouraging investment in smallholder solar pump irrigation. It also proposes a new methodology for mapping the suitability of solar energy-based irrigation pumps. The proposed business model framework and the methodology for suitability mapping are applied to Ethiopia as a case study, based on data from existing case studies and reports. A brief analysis outlines the regulatory and institutional context for investment in solar pump irrigation, and the ways in which it both constrains and attempts to support investment. The report identifies and outlines three business model scenarios that present opportunities for investing in smallholder solar pump-based irrigation, which would contribute towards sustainable intensification for food and nutrition security. The business model scenarios are based on the value proposition of supplying water to smallholder farmers for irrigated agricultural production. Analysis of potential gains and benefits suggests that direct purchase of solar pumps by farmers is feasible, and that out-grower schemes and pump supplier options with bundled financing offer promising solutions. The potential constraints that different investors may face in up-scaling the business models are also discussed, particularly within institutional, regulatory and financial contexts. The report provides development actors and investors with evidence-based information on the suitability and sustainability of solar pump irrigation in Ethiopia, as well as suggestions for helping to enable smallholders to invest in individually-owned, smallholder photovoltaic (PV) solar pumps.Item Mapping irrigated areas in the Limpopo Province, South Africa(Working Paper, 2017) Xueliang Cai; Magidi, J.; Nhamo, Luxon; van Koppen, BarbaraThis report summarizes the findings of a collaborative effort to map and assess irrigated areas in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study was conducted by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in collaboration with the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) and the Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (LDARD), as part of the DAFF-supported ‘Revitalization of irrigation in South Africa’ project. Based on a combination of Landsat and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite data, previous irrigated area mapping exercises carried out by DAFF and three-field ground truthing (GT) surveys, a total of 1.6 million hectares (Mha) of cropland were identified, with 262,000 ha actually irrigated in the 2015 winter season. The study also found that only 29% of all land equipped with center pivots was actually irrigated.Item Multiple uses of small reservoirs in crop-livestock agro-ecosystems of the Volta River Basin with an emphasis on livestock management(Working Paper, 2016) Ayantunde, Augustine A.; Karambiri, Mawa; Yameogo, Viviane; Cofie, Olufunke O.This working paper was based on the study on multiple uses of small reservoirs in the Volta River Basin of Burkina Faso. The study was conducted in communities using five small reservoirs in Yatenga province. The aim of the study was to document the multiple uses of small reservoirs in the study sites with an emphasis on access to, and use by, livestock, and conflicts that arise over the use of these reservoirs. This paper consists of four main sections: introduction or background to the study, methodology, results and discussion, and conclusion, including practical recommendations.Item Guideline and indicators for Target 6.6 of the SDGs: “Change in the extent of waterrelated ecosystems over time”(Report, 2017) Dickens, Chris; Rebelo, Lisa-Maria; Luxon, NhamoThis guideline provides supporting information to assist with implementation of monitoring procedures for Target 6.6 indicator, which focuses on protecting and maintaining water-related ecosystems.Item Ecosystem services management: An analysis of stakeholders’ perceptions in Thiou, Yatenga Province, Burkina Faso(Report, 2017-03-30) Yameogo, VivianeItem Final report of the Task Group on GBIF Data Fitness for Use in Agrobiodiversity(Report, 2016-02-15) Arnaud, Elizabeth; Castañeda Álvarez, Nora P.; Ganglo Cossi, J.; Endresen, D.; Jahanshiri, E.; Vigouroux, YvesHuman wellbeing and food security in a changing climate depend on productive and sustainable agriculture. For this, policies based on analyses and research results are vital to establish conservation priorities of natural resources that underpin the enhancement of sustainable food production. Therefore, data from agrobiodiversity and wider biodiversity sources are required to be available and accessible. Currently, there is a risk that agrobiodiversity and the wider biodiversity data communities remain separated with inefficient data aggregation, unless data flow pathways are harmonized. GBIF has a role to play in contributing to the convergence of the two communities. Biodiversity data in particular on wild relatives of the cultivated species will flow easier into agrobiodiversity conservation priority assessments and analysis with agrobiodiversity data integrated in GBIF. The Task Group on Data Fitness for Use in Agrobiodiversity was established by the GBIF Secretariat and Bioversity International to help improve the fit of data related to agrobiodiversity to the variety of important uses required and requested by the community of research and policy. The task group has been looking at the key actions for creating interoperability of data on ex situ, in situ and on -farm conservation of agrobiodiversity, with a focus on plants. A survey and interviews of selected experts and ABD data practitioners were conducted to collect feedback on fitness for use and issues with GBIF- mediated data.Item WLE Innovation Fund, 2013/2014: using an ecosystems approach for securing water and land resources in the upper Tana basin(Report, 2014) Kizito, Fred; Cordingley, Justine E.; Ng'ang'a, Kennedy; Bossio, Deborah A.; Kihara, FredItem Transboundary aquifer mapping and management in Africa(Brief, 2014-07) CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and EcosystemsItem Guidelines: Access and benefit sharing in research projects.(Book, 2012) Lapena I.; López, I.; Turdieva, M.K.Item CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems: Volta Synthesis(Report, 2013) CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and EcosystemsItem Safer irrigation practices for reducing vegetable contamination in urban Sub-Saharan Africa: an illustrated guide for farmers and extension officers.(Book, 2012) Drechsel, Pay; Keraita, Bernard N.; Amoah, Philip