CGIAR GENDER Platform methods module outputs

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/119524

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Focusing on the process of research: Embedding reflexivity for gender-transformative action
(Manual, 2024-10) Lopez, Diana E.; Bailey, Arwen; Osei-Amponsah, Charity; Nchanji, Eileen Bogweh; Cullen, Beth; Debevec, Liza; Ludwig, David; Portocarrero, Ana; Rietveld, Anne; Wong, Franz; Farnworth, Cathy Rozel
AUDIENCE: This document is designed to help gender researchers who want to make the processes of their research more reflexive, critical and gender transformative. GOAL: To support gender researchers in identifying and incorporating intentional reflexivity for transformative action into gender research in food, land, and water systems. This goal’s relevance rises as researchers become more aware and concerned about the potential negative impacts of their research on communities and livelihoods. The document proposes a new gender research standard that could aid researchers to improve their (1) research quality, (2) research relevance, (3) and research accountability in a way that, at worst, does no harm and, at best, supports transformative changes towards greater gender equity and equality.
Measuring women’s empowerment in aquaculture in northwestern Bangladesh using a project level women’s empowerment in fisheries index (pro-WEFI)
(Journal Article) Adam, Rahma; Rajaratnam, Surendran; Sufian, Farha; Njogu, Lucy
Gender equality and women’s empowerment have been increasingly emphasised in food production systems, including fisheries and aquaculture. Accurate assessment and understanding of the state, progress and changes in women’s empowerment in the sub-sectors is required. We applied the project level Women’s Empowerment in Fisheries and Aquaculture Index (pro-WEFI), which is based on the project-level women’s empowerment in agriculture index (pro-WEAI) to standardize the measurement of women’s agency and empowerment in fisheries and aquaculture. Drawing on a survey conducted in north-western Bangladesh, we examined quantitative pro-WEFI data collected from 217 households engaged in aquaculture. Only 33% of the women and 48% of the men in the sample achieved empowerment in aquaculture, attaining scores of 0.75 and above. The mean disempowerment score (1-3DE) revealed that both women and men failed to achieve adequacy on average in nearly 28% of the indicators. Nearly 40% of the dual adult households did not attain gender parity with women achieving lower adequacy scores than men from the same household. Women’s disempowerment was primarily driven by lack of autonomy in their use of income (18.5%), inability to visit important locations (17.4%), and inadequate access to and decision making on financial services (13.4%). Our findings emphasize the significance of conducting comprehensive assessments of women’s empowerment in aquaculture initiatives and its various domains and indicators inform the development of targeted and effective interventions. By identifying domains where gender inequality is most pronounced, projects can better design interventions to create targeted impacts in critical areas.
Unveiling the nexus: Women’s empowerment, climate change and household well-being in Uzbekistan
(Presentation, 2024-11-14) Alvi, Muzna
Presentation given November 14, 2024 for Nexus Gains Workshop on Aral Sea Basin conducted in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Workshop to develop gender transformative research methods
(Report, 2024-11-19) Bailey, Arwen; Rietveld, Anne; Begum, Khadija; Osei-Amponsah, Charity; Mosbah, Menna; Jiron, Jean; Tavenner, Katie; Farnworth , Cathy Rozel
Report from an innovative workshop among CGIAR and partner gender researchers and development practitioners, focusing on developing gender-transformative research methods. The report covers some conceptual background (Forum Theatre, transformative research, gender-transformative research, empowerment and transformative evaluations, and more) plus a list of the methods under development.
Feminist research in agriculture: moving beyond gender-transformative approaches
(Book Chapter, 2024) Cole, S.M.; Rajaratnam, S.; Liani, M.; Joshi, D.; Basnet, S.; Bisht, M.; Shijagurumayum, M.S.; Jain, M.; Kumar, P.; Fischer, K.; Puozaa, D.K.; Reyes, A.; Velasco, H.
Feminist research approaches in agriculture are considerably underutilized. In this chapter, we suggest a few key reasons to help explain their lack of use in agriculture. We also provide background on what constitutes feminist research in agriculture through a review of the literature. Using a case study approach, we highlight the important and unique characteristics that define feminist research approaches in agriculture. The case studies provide examples of how researchers working in agriculture can gradually adopt key feminist research principles. We argue that to transform agrifood systems to be more inclusive, equitable, and sustainable, feminist approaches must be used in all research in agriculture. The chapter concludes by discussing what is needed to increase the use of feminist research approaches in agriculture, recognizing that resistance to change is inevitable and requires commitment at the top to spearhead efforts to institutionalize feminist approaches within agricultural research organizations.
Climate-resilient aquatic food systems require transformative change to address gender and intersectional inequalities
(Journal Article, 2024) Adam, R.; Amani, A.; Kuijpers, R.; Danielsen, K.; Smits, E.; Kruijssen, F.; Moran, N.; Tigchelaar, M.; Wabnitz, C.; Tilley, A.; Luzzi, M.; Peerzadi, R.H.; Ride, A.; Rossignoli, C.; Allison, Edward H.; Cole, S.M.; Zatti, I.; Ouko, K.; Farnworth, C.R.
The adverse impacts of climate change on aquatic food systems (AFS) and the people who depend on AFS for livelihood security are inequitably distributed between and within countries. People facing the highest risks and experiencing the severest impacts of climate change are those who already experience multidimensional inequalities in their lives, particularly because of their gender, class, age, indigeneity, ethnicity, caste, religion, and the physical and political conditions that can create additional vulnerabilities. In this paper, we conducted a scoping review of the literature that explores the links between climate change, gender, and other social identities, and AFS. The review was complemented by an analysis of representative data on women and men aquaculture farmers in Bangladesh from 2018 to 2019. We also analysed data from the 2019 Illuminating Hidden Harvest project. The study relied on the gendered agrifood system and aquatic food climate risk frameworks to guide on literature search, review, and data analyses. Our findings show that intersecting identities disadvantage certain AFS actors, particularly young women from minority ethnic groups, and create challenge for them to manage and adapt to climate shocks and stresses. Examples of gender-responsive and transformative interventions are highlighted from our review to showcase how such intersectional disadvantages can be addressed to increase women’s empowerment and social and gender equality.
Genetic innovation gender strategy
(Brief, 2024) Ashby, Jacqueline A.; Polar, Vivian
Genetic innovation gender strategy
(Report, 2024-04) Ashby, Jacqueline A.; Polar, Vivian; Bonaiuti, Enrico; Bikketti, E.; Belcher, B.
The Gender Strategy developed by CGIAR aims to address gender inequality in the adoption and benefits of new crop varieties. Women are key producers, processors, and consumers of CGIAR's priority crops, yet their needs are often overlooked. The Strategy uses gender research to develop more attractive varieties that are adopted faster and have fair outcomes for both women and men. It outlines 6 priorities, including mapping gender differences, identifying gender-intentional varieties, and analyzing drivers of gender equality in seed access and use. The Strategy also emphasizes building partnerships and capacity to make CGIAR's breeding programs more gender-responsive, involving social scientists and engaging with gender-transformative organizations. The overarching goal is to ensure new varieties benefit increasing numbers of women and men, advancing gender equality.
Women Empowerment in Livestock Business Index: Extra small version (WELBI-XS) tools
(Training Material, 2023) International Livestock Research Institute
Women Empowerment in Livestock Business Index: FullBare version (WELBI-FB) tools
(Training Material, 2023) International Livestock Research Institute
Validation of Pro-WEFI conducted in Bangladesh
(Dataset) Adam, Rahma; Rajaratnam, Surendran
This folder contains outputs from a validation study of Pro-WEFI tool conducted in Bangladesh in 2022. It includes the study tools, dataset and Stata do files.
Development and validation of a Women’s Empowerment in Migration Index (WEMI): A Pilot Application with Women Migrants in Bangladesh
(Brief, 2023-02-01) Alvi, Muzna; Ratna, Muzna; Sufian, Farha; Khan, Mohidul Hoque; Ringler, Claudia
There is ample data and literature that shows how women’s experiences in low-paid, short-term migration vary from those of men, and that experiences are linked to women’s empowerment – captured by the interrelated dimensions of resources, agency, and achievements. While considerable attention is paid to understanding the generalized notion of women’s empowerment, it is also key to distinguish empowerment in specific realms, including economic empowerment, agriculture, health and nutrition, and migration. To better understand the agency of female migrants, a Women’s Empowerment in Migration Index (WEMI) was developed. This brief discusses work to assess this index with data from women migrants in the Bangladesh to West Asia migration corridor.
Project Level Women’s Empowerment in Fisheries Index (PRO-WEFI) Tanzania data set
(Dataset) Adam, Rahma
The datasets contain quantitative and qualitative used to assess women’s empowerment using pro-WEFI in in Ilemela and Sengerema districts in Mwanza region of Tanzania
The Women’s Empowerment Index (WELI): An instructional guide
(Manual, 2023-11-15) Galiè, Alessandra; Teufel, Nils; Kariuki, Eunice; Omondi, Immaculate A.
Women’s empowerment and energy access: Insights from India, Nepal, and Pakistan
(Brief, 2023-12-31) Alvi, Muzna; Sufian, Farha; Ringler, Claudia; Singh, Tushar; Beniwal, Ezaboo; Raja, Sehrish
Gendered inequities in access to and use of energy sources and technologies affect all five impact areas that CGIAR is contributing to: poverty alleviation, food security and nutrition, climate action, environmental health, and inclusion. This policy note identifies indicators that reflect women’s and men’s agency in the context of energy use and develops a first version of the Women’s Empowerment in Energy Index (WEEI) to measure changes in women’s agency over time.
Associations between women’s empowerment and maternal depressive symptoms: A cross-sectional analysis from Balaka and Ntcheu districts in Malawi
(Brief, 2023-12-31) Becker, Karoline; Bliznashka, Lilia; Doss, Cheryl; Gelli, Aulo; Kachinjika, Monice; Munthali, Alister; Mvula, Peter; Nwabuikwu, Odiche; Quisumbing, Agnes R.
Enhanced women's empowerment has been linked to improvements in various areas of women's lives, such as in creased access to resources, decision-making power, and a manageable workload. It can also have positive effects on child health out comes, including nutritional status and early childhood development. However, there can also be trade-offs for women, such as their own nutritional outcomes. While the relationship between women's empowerment and child health outcomes has been extensively studied, there is limited research on the relationship between women's empowerment and their own mental health, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). One aspect of mental health, maternal depressive symptoms is prevalent in these countries and can have a negative impact on both the mothers and their children. In Malawi, Stewart et al. (2010) find that 30 percent of mothers of young children, attending a child health clinic grapple with depressive episodes. In this study, we explore the relationship between women's empowerment, as measured by the pro-WEAI, and maternal depressive symptoms, as measured by the 20 symptom Self-Reported Questionnaire (SRQ-20). The Pro-WEAI is particularly useful because it allows us to explore the relationship of various components of women’s empowerment with maternal depressive symptoms.
Development and Validation of Women’s Empowerment in Migration Index (WEMI)
(Working Paper, 2023-12-31) Sufian, Farha D.; Alvi, Muzna; Ratna, Nazmun N.; Ringler, Claudia; Choudhury, Zahid ul Arefin
There is little evidence on the association between women’s migration, empowerment, and well-being, driven in part due to difficulty in measuring empowerment in the migration context. To better understand these linkages, we developed a Women’s Empowerment in Migration Index (WEMI) and validated it with survey of 1019 returnee female migrants in Bangladesh, who had returned after working internationally, mostly from countries in West Asia. By incorporating indicators of subjective well-being from migration literature into measures of empowerment, our paper advances research over earlier assessments of women’s experiences in the migration process beyond seemingly objective indicators, such as income, health, and economic welfare. We find that 14% of all migrant women in our sample could be classified as being empowered. Lack of membership in groups, restricted mobility, and lack of asset ownership are the largest contributors to migrant women’s disempowerment in our sample. We find that WEMI is strongly correlated with other measures of well-being, including mental health and livelihood-efficacy. Women with higher empowerment scores are also less likely to experience discriminatory labor practices and unsafe work conditions. With broad applicability to migrants from low and middle-income countries, WEMI can be used as a tool, helping to identify sources of disempowerment, and enabling stakeholders to develop interventions targeting the welfare of women migrant workers.
The value of control versus the value of time: A field experiment in Rwanda
(Blog Post, 2023-01-16) Hickman, William; Kramer, Berber; Mollerstrom, Johanna; Seymour, Greg
Agricultural development programs often aim to empower women by enhancing their control over income via new work opportunities, but as an unintended negative consequence, these programs can sometimes increase women's already heavy workloads. This raises the question of whether women themselves consider the increased control over income to be worth the additional work. To answer this, we need to know how much they value control over income and how much they value efforts to free up their time.
Developing a women’s empowerment in energy index: Conceptual framework and empirical evidence
(Poster, 2023-10-10) Alvi, Muzna; Vemireddy, Vidya; Ringler, Claudia; Tank, Nikita
Equal access to clean energy is key to meeting SDG 5 (gender equality) and SDG 7 (ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy services for all). However, energy access is not distributed equally, with more than 80% of energy poverty—the lack of access to sustainable, modern energy services and products—concentrated in rural FROM RESEARCH TO IMPACT, October 2023 37 areas, where it affects agriculture, food security and nutrition, and reduces livelihood opportunities and well-being. At the same time, a transformation in energy technology and resources is underway as the world moves to more efficient ways of conducting day-to-day activities while enhancing productivity. But are the gains from energy transformation distributed equitably within and across countries, communities and households? Research examining genderdifferentiated patterns of energy use or access, and the role that women’s empowerment plays in this, is scant. We contribute to the knowledge gap by reviewing the extant literature to understand the gender-differentiated patterns of access or use of energy and the role of women’s empowerment. We develop a theoretically grounded conceptual framework to study energy and women’s empowerment and identify a set of indicators that can be used to measure women’s role in a rural and developing country context. We hypothesize that multiple dimensions of empowerment such as mobility, agency, and control over income, are the main drivers as well as outcomes of equitable energy use and access. We test this using detailed survey data from India, Pakistan, and Nepal, using empirical evidence linking women’s energy use portfolio to measures of empowerment.
Innovations in Impact Evaluation: What Have We Learned? Insights from the Gender-Sensitive Risks and Options Assessment for Decision Making (ROAD) to Support Work-in-Freedom Phase 2
(Presentation, 2023-02-22) Ringler, Claudia; Ratna, Nazmun; Alvi, Muzna
Intervention and Evaluation • WiF-2 project: ILO reduces vulnerability to trafficking and forced labour of women and girls from South Asia across migration pathways leading to the care and garment sectors in Arab States • ROAD migration evaluation: How are female migrants’ options shaped by gender and what is the potential of empowerment intervention to reduce trafficking and forced labor? • Geographies: Countries of origin: Bangladesh & Nepal; Destination countries: Jordan & Lebanon

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