Gender Articles in Refereed Journals

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/66599

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 87

Analysis of gender research on forest, tree and agroforestry value chains in Latin America
(Journal Article, 2018-04-03) Gumucio, Tatiana; Alves, Marina de Almeida; Orentlicher, Natalie; Hernández Ceballos, María Camila
Rwanda's gendered agricultural transformation: A mixed-method study on the rural labour market, wage gap and care penalty
(Journal Article, 2017-09) Bigler, Christine; Amacker, Michèle; Ingabire, Chantal; Birachi, Eliud Abucheli
Bringing analysis of gender and social–ecological resilience together in small-scale fisheries research: Challenges and opportunities
(Journal Article, 2017-03) Kawarazuka, Nozomi; Locke, Catherine; McDougall, Cynthia; Kantor, Paula; Morgan, Miranda
The demand for gender analysis is now increasingly orthodox in natural resource programming, including that for small-scale fisheries. Whilst the analysis of social–ecological resilience has made valuable contributions to integrating social dimensions into research and policy-making on natural resource management, it has so far demonstrated limited success in effectively integrating considerations of gender equity. This paper reviews the challenges in, and opportunities for, bringing a gender analysis together with social–ecological resilience analysis in the context of small-scale fisheries research in developing countries. We conclude that rather than searching for a single unifying framework for gender and resilience analysis, it will be more effective to pursue a plural solution in which closer engagement is fostered between analysis of gender and social-ecological resilience whilst preserving the strengths of each approach. This approach can make an important contribution to developing a better evidence base for small-scale fisheries management and policy.
Less noise in the household: the impact of Farmer Field Schools on Gender Relations
(Journal Article, 2012-02) Friis-Hansen, Esbern; Duveskog, Deborah; Taylor, Edward W.
The study examines the impact of collective action in Kenyan Farmer Field School groups on household gender equity. Qualitative fieldwork reveal significant changes in household division of labour and decision-making; in gendered customs and traditions, and in men’s work ethics and their view of women. To understand how the participatory education experience in collective action groups impacts spousal relations, two theoretical frameworks were used; collective action and gender relations and transformative learning theory. The study concludes that Farmer Field Schools generate gender impacts not only because it empowers women but because it also provides opportunities for the men, the agent of oppression in this case, to change their view on women. This suggests that equity in household gender relations may be improved through the active engagement of both women and men in non-formal adult education within mixed collective organizations. This approach provides an alternative to the widespread strategies of aid agencies that seek to enhance standing of women by targeting them as individuals.
Consuming Iron Biofortified Beans Increases Iron Status in Rwandan Women after 128 Days in a Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial
(Journal Article, 2016-08) Haas, Jere D.; Luna, Sarah V.; Lung'aho, Mercy G.; Wenger, Michael J.; Murray-Kolb, Laura E.; Beebe, Stephen E.; Gahutu, Jean-Bosco; Egli, Ines M.
Background: Food-based strategies to reduce nutritional iron deficiency have not been universally successful. Biofortification has the potential to become a sustainable, inexpensive, and effective solution. Objective: This randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of iron-biofortified beans (Fe-Beans) to improve iron status in Rwandan women. Methods: A total of 195 women (aged 18–27 y) with serum ferritin <20 mg/L were randomly assigned to receive either Fe-Beans, with 86 mg Fe/kg, or standard unfortified beans (Control-Beans), with 50 mg Fe/kg, 2 times/d for 128 d in Huye, Rwanda. Iron status was assessed by hemoglobin, serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and body iron (BI); inflammation was assessed by serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum a1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). Anthropometric measurements were performed at baseline and at end line. Random weekly serial sampling was used to collect blood during the middle 8wk of the feeding trial. Mixed-effects regression analysis with repeated measurements was used to evaluate the effect of Fe-Beans compared with Control-Beans on iron biomarkers throughout the course of the study. Results: At baseline, 86% of subjects were iron-deficient (serum ferritin <15 mg/L) and 37% were anemic (hemoglobin <120 g/L). Both groups consumed an average of 336 g wet beans/d. The Fe-Beans group consumed 14.5 6 1.6 mg Fe/d from biofortified beans, whereas the Control-Beans group consumed 8.6 6 0.8 mg Fe/d from standard beans (P < 0.05). Repeated-measures analyses showed significant time-by-treatment interactions for hemoglobin, log serum ferritin, and BI (P < 0.05). The Fe-Beans group had significantly greater increases in hemoglobin (3.8 g/L), log serum ferritin (0.1 log mg/L), and BI (0.5 mg/kg) than did controls after 128 d. For every 1 g Fe consumed from beans over the 128 study days, there was a significant 4.2-g/L increase in hemoglobin (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The consumption of iron-biofortified beans significantly improved iron status in Rwandan women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01594359. J Nutr doi: 10.3945/jn.115.224741.
Participatory plant breeding in water-limited environment
(Journal Article, 2007) Ceccarelli, Salvatore; Grando, Stefania; Baum, M
For the past years since the Consultative Group of International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Systemwide Initiative on Participatory Research and Gender Analysis (PRGA) was initiated, guides for impact assessment of PRGA have been developed (Lilja and Ashby 1999; Johnson et.al., 2000; Lilja and Johnson 2001). However, according to Farnworth and Jiggins (2003) while there is rapidly growing literature on the impacts of PPB on farmers, this is not further differentiated by sex. Despite the immense literature on the impacts of production, post production technologies on women farmers, systematic studies on the impacts of PPB on women in any category, either in terms of the effects of being a participant in a participatory plant breeding process (PPB) process, or in terms of the impact of the new materials generated is few. There is practically no literature that examines the effects of PPB – either as process or in terms of the impacts of the emergent materials – on gender relations at the household, community or any other relevant social or geographic scale along the food chain. Even with women’s active involvement in rice production, post harvest and seed management, scientists who are mostly male often talk with the male farmers only. Ignoring women’s knowledge and preference for rice varieties may be an obstacle to adoption of improved varieties, particularly in areas with gender-specific tasks, and in farm activities where women have considerable influence. Feldstein (1996) cited three different ways in which gender analysis can be considered in participatory research. These are: the efficiency argument, equity oriented, and empowerment. This study attempts to fill in these research gaps. The objectives of this paper are to: a) discuss the process used in integrating participatory research and gender analysis in breeding for drought prone and submergence prone environment; b) assess how gender analysis contributed to the design and implementation of the research and development outcomes; c) assess the impacts of PVS on poor women farmers, particularly on women’s empowerment; and d) recommend strategies to further enhance women’s roles in ensuring household food (rice) food security and improving their social status within the household and the community.
Gender equity and social capital in smallholder farmer groups in central Mozambique
(Journal Article, 2008-08) Gotschi, Elisabeth; Njuki, Jemimah; Delve, Robert J.
This case study from Bu´zi district, Mozambique investigated whether gender equality, in terms of male and female participation in groups, leads to gender equity in sharing of benefits from the social capital created through the group. Exploring the complex connection between gender, groups, and social capital, we found that gender equity is not necessarily achieved by guaranteeing men and women equal rights through established by-laws, or dealing with groups as a collective entity. While there were no significant differences in the investment patterns of men and women in terms of participation in group activities and contribution of communal work, access to leadership positions and benefits from social capital were unequally distributed. Compared with men, women further found it difficult to transform social relations into improved access to information, access to markets, or help in case of need.
Collaborative monitoring, evaluation, and impact assessment: Experiences assessing the impact of improved fallows and biomass transfer in western Kenya
(Journal Article, 2008-01) Franzel, Steven; Nanok, Tutui; Wangia, Sabina
There is considerable literature available on assessing the impact of rural innovations from the perspective of a particular discipline, e.g., economics or sociology, and from the farmers’ own perspective, e.g., participatory monitoring and evaluation. But little has been written about collaborative monitoring, evaluation, and impact assessment, that is, how a group of diverse stakeholder organizations working in a particular location promoting similar innovations can work together to monitor and evaluate their work and assess their impact. The objective of this paper is to assess the experience of 30 organizations working together over a four year period, 1999-2003, to assess their impact in helping farmers to develop, adapt and adopt two soil fertility practices aimed at improving household livelihoods in western Kenya. The two practices were biomass transfer (cutting leaves and applying them as green manure) and improved fallows (enriching or replacing natural fallows with planted, nitrogen-fixing shrubs). Researchers of ICRAF, the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), and the Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI) in partnership with farmers developed the practices in the mid-1990s, in response to farmers’ soil fertility problems and their lack of cash for buying mineral fertilizer. The following section describes the study area, and research and dissemination activities concerning the two practices. Next the collaborative exercises on monitoring, evaluation, and impact assessment are described, followed by the results of the assessments of biomass transfer and improved fallows. Finally, the impact of these exercises is discussed, highlighting the effect of the process and findings on the participating organizations.
Does the gender composition of forest and fishery management groups affect resource governance and conservation outcomes: A systematic map protocol
(Journal Article, 2015-12) Leisher, C.; Temsah, G.; Booker, F.; Day, M.; Agarwal, B.; Matthews, E.; Roe, D.; Russell, D.; Samberg, L.; Sunderland, Terry C.H.; Wilkie, D.
In the fields of environmental governance and biodiversity conservation, there is a growing awareness that gender has an influence on resource use and management. Several studies argue that empowering women in resource governance can lead to beneficial outcomes for resource sustainability and biodiversity conservation. Yet how robust is the evidence to support this claim? Here we focus on the forestry and fisheries sectors to answer the primary question: What is the evidence that the gender composition of forest and fishery management groups affects resource governance and conservation outcomes? Our objective is to produce a systematic map of the evidence highlighting, inter alia, the geographic distribution and quality of the evidence, the consistency and robustness of the findings, and where further research is needed.
Gender norms and access to extension services and training among potato farmers in Dedza and Ntcheu in Malawi
(Journal Article, 2016-05-26) Mudege, Netsayi N.; Chevo, T.; Nyekanyeka, T.; Kapalasa, E.; Demo, P.
This paper explores the interaction between extension services and gender relations in order to suggest ways and strategies that can be useful in ensuring that extension services are gender-equitable and empowering for women.
Understanding collective action and women's empowerment in potato farmer groups in Ntcheu and Dedza in Malawi
(Journal Article, 2015-12) Mudege, Netsayi N.; Nyekanyeka, T.; Kapalasa, E.; Chevo, T.; Demo, P.
This paper explores the potential for potato farmer groups to empower women in Malawi. It does this by examining how social and gender norms in communities, including the distribution of power, resources and responsibilities, may have an impact on the ability of farmer groups to empower female group participants.
Smallholder goat production and marketing: A gendered baseline study from Inhassoro District Mozambique
(Journal Article, 2015-12-01) Boogaard, Birgit K.; Waithanji, Elizabeth M.; Poole, Elizabeth J.; Cadilhon, Joseph J.
Despite emerging public and donor attention on women and agriculture, relatively few studies are based on gender analysis of sex-disaggregated quantitative data, particularly on women's involvement in marketing of livestock products. The objective of this article is therefore to investigate gender roles and processes of smallholder goat production and marketing in Inhassoro District, Mozambique, by analysing sex-disaggregated baseline data for women in male-headed households (W-MHH), men in male-headed households (M-MHH) and women in female-headed households (FHH). The paper draws on baseline data from the imGoats project, which aimed to diversify smallholder goat producers’ livelihood options by supporting the commercialization of goat production. Building on the sustainable livelihoods framework, adapted for gender and assets, this paper demonstrates that women in male-headed households rarely have control over income from goat sales and that meanings of “joint” ownership, decision making and asset control differ by gender. Results also showed that the primary goal of selling goats is to cover emergencies and household needs, and that goat meat consumption is linked to market access and agro-ecological zone. Despite the challenges of undertaking robust gender studies in a real-life developing country setting, this study provides a practical technical example of how one can implement gendered quantitative analyses in the context of the livelihoods framework.
Land use change and shifts in gender roles in central Sumatra, Indonesia
(Journal Article, 2015-09-07) Villamor, Grace B.; Akiefnawati, R.; Noordwijk, Meine van; Desrianti, F.; Pradhan, U.
Gender in Agroforestry: Special Issue
(Journal Article, 2015) Colfer, C.J.P.; Catacutan, D.; Naz, F.; Pottinger, A.J.
The role of women in early REDD+ implementation: lessons for future engagement
(Journal Article, 2015-03-01) Larson, A.M.; Dokken, T.; Duchelle, Amy E.; Atmadja, S.; Resosudarmo, I.A.P.; Cronkleton, P.; Cromberg, M.; Sunderlin, William D.; Awono, A.; Selaya, G.
Women's participation in forest management: a cross-country analysis
(Journal Article, 2013-02) Coleman, E.A.; Mwangi, E.
Introduction: contributions and gaps in gender and agroforestry
(Journal Article, 2015-09-07) Colfer, C.J.P.; Catacutan, D.; Naz, F.
The Balance of Power in Household Decision-Making: Encouraging News on Gender in Southern Sulawesi
(Journal Article, 2015-12) Colfer, C.J.P.; Achdiawan, R.; Roshetko, James M.; Mulyoutami, E.; Yuliani, L.; Mulyana, A.; Moeliono, M.; Adnan, H.; Erni
Analyses of intra-household decision-making in Sulawesi are linked to gender issues shown to affect involvement in landscape management. These include agriculture, food, money, life chances, and attitudes toward domestic violence. The picture portrayed is encouraging, showing the social sophistication of a group often marginalized: This group shows considerable female involvement in decision-making and strongly democratic elements. We identify three issues that need greater attention—for equitable landscape management to result: women’s spheres of decision-making must be ascertained and taken into account, men’s involvement in care needs to expand, and women’s agency requires enhancement and external support.
Gender and natural resource governance indicators: a need to assess and address 'sensitive and taboo' topics
(Journal Article, 2013-09) Colfer, C.J.P.; Achdiawan, R.; Adnan, H.; Erni Yuliani, L.; Balang; LepMil
Gender and governance or management are topics that have been inadequately addressed by researchers, with resulting very slow progress towards gender equity globally. A collaborative landscape management project in South and Southeast Sulawesi (Indonesia) has been trying to strengthen women's voices in local management and governance and to encourage more equitable benefit distribution throughout the landscape. The need for a simple assessment of the project's success presented an opportunity for us to develop a set of indicators that we believe can be adapted and used more widely. Our indicators, presented below, differ from other indicator sets available, most fundamentally in their foci on (1) gender and governance/forest management, (2) a combination of production and other more sensitive issues central to women's lives, and (3) intra-household decision-making.
Women at the edge of forest management in Northern Cameroon
(Journal Article, 2014-07-03) Gautier, D.; Santen, J. van

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