LIVES working papers
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/52264
Browse
Recent Submissions
Item Improving on-farm water management by introducing wetting-front detector tools to smallholder farms in Ethiopia(Working Paper, 2017-06) Schmitter, Petra S.; Haileslassie, Amare; Dessalegn, Yigsaw; Chali, A.; Langan, Simon J.; Barron, JennieItem Feed resources in the highlands of Ethiopia: A value chain assessment and intervention options(Working Paper, 2017-06) Gizaw, Solomon; Ebro, A.; Tesfaye, Y.; Mekuriaw, Z.; Mekasha, Yoseph; Hoekstra, Dirk; Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Tegegne, AzageItem An analysis of milk production, butter marketing and household use of inputs in rural Ethiopia(Working Paper, 2016-12) Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Shiferaw, K.; Tegegne, Azage; Gizaw, Solomon; Hoekstra, DirkItem Hormonal oestrus synchronization in four sheep breeds in Ethiopia: Impacts on genetic improvement and flock productivity(Working Paper, 2016-05-30) Gizaw, Solomon; Tesfay, Y.; Mekasha, Yoseph; Mekuriaw, Z.; Gugsa, T.; Ebro, A.; Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Hoekstra, Dirk; Tegegne, AzageItem Value chain opportunities for women and young people in livestock production in Ethiopia: Lessons learned(Working Paper, 2016-07-30) Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Tesema, E.; Tegegne, Azage; Hoekstra, Dirk; Nicola, S.Both young people and women contribute significantly to agricultural production in the African continent, although these contributions are not usually explicitly recognized in official statistics and documents. In Ethiopia, women traditionally have been subject to sociocultural and economic discrimination that resulted in fewer economic, educational and social opportunities than men. The traditional development approaches that view the household as a unitary decision-making entity and the assumption that interventions targeted at the household head would trickle down to household members is the foundation of the exclusion of women and young people. In particular, women in married households are usually excluded from development interventions. Many governments in Africa have now started to take policy measures to recognize and enhance the contributions of young people and women in economic growth on the continent. Similarly, there seems to be strong political commitment in Ethiopia to ensure inclusive economic growth that will result in better gender equality and benefit young people. This working paper summarizes the lessons from the experiences of the Improving productivity and market success for Ethiopian smallholders and Livestock and irrigation value chains for Ethiopian smallholders projects in inclusive value chain development aimed at benefiting women and young people. It mainly focuses on the trajectories of the two projects in reaching out to women and young people in order to increase their access to resources, innovation, technologies and knowledge which could consequently improve their inclusion in and benefits from value chain development and governance. Experiences from innovative extension methods for inclusion are discussed. The paper makes recommendations for policy and development practice to improve benefits to women and young people from development interventions.Item Smallholder dairy farming systems in the highlands of Ethiopia: System-specific constraints and intervention options(Working Paper, 2016-06) Gizaw, Solomon; Abera, M.; Muluye, M.; Hoekstra, Dirk; Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Tegegne, AzageItem Genetic-phenotypic and production-system diversity in goat populations in Ethiopia: Options for sustainable production(Working Paper, 2016-06) Mekuriaw, Getinet; Gizaw, Solomon; Tegegne, AzageItem Technical efficiency of small-scale honey producers in Ethiopia: A stochastic frontier analysis(Working Paper, 2016-05-15) Shiferaw, K.; Gebremedhin, BerhanuItem Factors determining household allocation of credit to livestock production in Ethiopia(Working Paper, 2016-05) Shiferaw, Kaleb; Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Legesse, D.Item On-farm smallholder irrigation performance in Ethiopia: From water use efficiency to equity and sustainability(Working Paper, 2016-05-31) Haileslassie, Amare; Agide, Z.; Erkossa, Teklu; Hoekstra, Dirk; Schmitter, Petra S.; Langan, Simon J.Item Transforming traditional smallholder cow milk production systems in Ethiopia: Ex-ante evaluation(Working Paper, 2015-06-15) Negassa, A.; Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Nigussie, K.; Gebru, G.; Desta, S.; Shapiro, Barry I.; Dutilly-Diane, C.; Tegegne, AzageItem Integrated bio-economic simulation model for goat production: Ex-ante evaluation of investment opportunities in Ethiopia(Working Paper, 2015-09-15) Negassa, A.; Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Desta, S.; Nigussie, K.; Gebru, G.; Shapiro, Barry I.; Dutilly-Diane, C.; Tegegne, AzageItem Integrated bio-economic simulation model for traditional cattle production systems in Ethiopia: Ex-ante evaluation of policies and investments(Working Paper, 2015-09-15) Negassa, A.; Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Gebru, G.; Desta, S.; Nigussie, K.; Shapiro, Barry I.; Dutilly-Diane, C.; Tegegne, AzageItem Integrated bio-economic simulation model for sheep production: Ex-ante evaluation of investment opportunities in Ethiopia(Working Paper, 2015-10-15) Negassa, A.; Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Desta, S.; Nigussie, K.; Gebru, G.; Shapiro, Barry I.; Dutilly-Diane, C.; Tegegne, AzageItem Institutions for irrigation water management in Ethiopia: Assessing diversity and service delivery(Working Paper, 2016-04-30) Haileslassie, Amare; Hagos, Fitsum; Agide, Z.; Tesema, E.; Hoekstra, Dirk; Langan, Simon J.Irrigation systems cannot en sure the equitable distribution of water among users and sustainable operation and maintenance of the schemes without capable irrigation institutions. In Ethiopia, traditional institutions have emerged with the expansion of traditional irrigation schemes and most of them were established and operated on the initiative of the farmers. These often have very limited financial and technical capacities. Current trends show that developing infrastructure is the major concern in irrigation development efforts. However, managing the schemes is largely overlooked, particularly for externally initiated irrigation schemes. Operation and maintenance of the irrigation schemes, particularly those at tertiary levels, are commonly not well set and often neglected or left to farmers without building their capacities. The overarching objectives of the study were to: i) assess the nature and diversity of irrigation institutions in the study schemes; ii) evaluate existing institutions service delivery with respect to selected attributes and draw useful lessons; and iii) identify appropriate interventions. This study focused on 10 irrigation schemes located in four regional states of Ethiopia (Tigray, Amhara, Oromia and SNNP). Various approaches were used to generate data required for this study, such as household interview, transect walk and systematic observation, focus group discussion, key informant interviews and the review of existing literature. We clustered the study schemes as modern, semi-modern and traditional, using selected criteria (operation and maintenance service delivery, managing financial service delivery, level of inequity) to generate empirical evidence for evaluation of their performances. The results found two forms of irrigation institutions: irrigation water users associations (IWUA) and irrigation cooperatives or water committee. More than 30% of the irrigation schemes considered in the study, regardless of their typology, had no institution. Membership in the irrigation institution for traditional schemes was 100%, while the average membership both in modern and semi-modern schemes was about 70% of the respondents. This contrasts with the new proclamation in Ethiopia on IWUA which suggest mandatory membership for any water user in a scheme. Without exception bylaws were either not detailed enough to address scheme specific problems or not recorded at all. Ambiguity associated with these, and probably presence of non-member water users, deterred the decision-making processes and the enforcement of rules and regulations for water use, thus create opportunities for free riders. This also explains the reason for occasional conflict between irrigators and the inequity of water distribution within scheme. In many cases, irrigation institutions service delivery limited to operational management and other services, such as financial management, were not common even at those schemes where irrigation fee exists. Problems associated with a lack of empirical evidence as to what to pay for and how much to pay and the application of flat rate—regardless of the amount of irrigation water used, which is not measured—and crop types grown as currently practised will not act as an incentive for prudent water use. Establishing the amount and types of irrigation water fees will be an important step to finance irrigation schemes. Understanding this diversity and these gaps and tailoring actions to local conditions is vital efforts to improve the service delivery of irrigation institutions in Ethiopia. Secondly, the service required for the sustainable management of irrigation schemes and mechanisms to operate them needs to be standardized.Item History and experiences of hormonal oestrus synchronization and mass insemination of cattle for improved genetics in Ethiopia: From science to developmental impact(Working Paper, 2016-02-15) Tegegne, Azage; Hoekstra, Dirk; Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Gizaw, SolomonItem Analysis of water delivery performance of smallholder irrigation schemes in Ethiopia: Diversity and lessons across schemes, typologies and reaches(Working Paper, 2016-05-15) Agide, Z.; Haileslassie, Amare; Sally, Hilmy; Erkossa, Teklu; Schmitter, Petra S.; Langan, Simon J.; Hoekstra, DirkIrrigation systems consist of three interdependent components involving: the irrigation scheme, the on-farm management and the organizations. The irrigation scheme refers to the infrastructure for water acquisition and distribution (water delivery). This study focused on water delivery performance of 10 smallholders irrigation schemes in four regions of Ethiopia, representing diverse water sources, distribution systems, command areas (50–6000 ha) and number of beneficiary farmers (233–500 farm households) and across agro-ecologies as represented by elevation ranges (1500–2725 masl). Relative irrigation supply (RIS), irrigation intensity (Ii), cropping intensity (CI), farm level adequacy (FLA), sustainability of irrigated land (SIL), and equity and field application efficiency were employed as performance indicators. The study involved focus group discussions, household surveys and measurements of water flow across selected points of water delivery systems during 2014/2015 cropping season. More than 300 sample farmers were selected randomly from different reaches (head, mid and tail) of the schemes and before the analysis the 10 irrigation schemes were clustered into three typologies (modern, semi-modern and traditional schemes) using seven comprehensive and weighted indicators. The result showed that irrigation typology developed in this study enabled to identify three relatively homogeneous irrigation schemes typologies: modern, semi-modern and traditional. There was apparent diversity of the study schemes in terms of indicators used. At typology level, as illustrated by the RIS, the highest amount of water was diverted for semi-modern schemes (RIS of 3.84); while the highest water delivery at farm relative delivery (FRD) was recorded for the modern schemes (FRD 2.21). Traditional schemes consistently showed lower value for both RIS and FRD. Regardless of their typologies, all study schemes suffer from mismatch of water demand and supply. The lower the RIS and FRD values, the stronger was the water supply disparities between irrigation reaches. Assessment of farmers’ perception on fairness of irrigation water delivery substantiate these arguments. Implicitly, it is important to track the fate of diverted excess water. Field observation and empirical evidences show divergent points of losses of excess water indicating focus areas of improved water conservation on smallholder irrigation schemes. For example the largest proportion of over supplied water (~100%) in the semimodern schemes and in traditional schemes was lost in the conveyance and distribution systems. For modern schemes water losses in the processes of conveyance was low (26%), while the significant proportion of water (76%) was lost on farm. In view of this evidence, we concluded that irrigation schemes in Ethiopia, regardless of their typology, have low water delivery performance. As every scheme has shown its own strength and weakness, concluding sustainability in terms of typology is misleading and this suggests that policy directions should be based on composite sustainability indices.Item Does investment in motor pump-based smallholder irrigation lead to financially viable input intensification and production? An economic assessment(Working Paper, 2016-02) Gebregziabher, Gebrehaweria; Hagos, Fitsum; Haileslassie, Amare; Getnet, Kindie; Hoekstra, Dirk; Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Bogale, A.; Getahun, G.Item Marketing patterns of rainfed and irrigated systems: Do they differ?(Working Paper, 2016-02) Hagos, Fitsum; Haileslassie, Amare; Getnet, Kindie; Gebregziabher, Gebrehaweria; Bogale, A.; Getahun, Y.Item Review of animal health service delivery in the mixed crop-livestock system in Ethiopia(Working Paper, 2016-03) Hooper, P.