IPMS Case Studies
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/790
The IPMS project follows a ‘participatory market oriented commodity value chain development’ approach.
Three key elements of this approach include:
1. Focus on value chain components - instead of production technology focus;
2. Innovations systems approach – with a focus on the linking and capacitating value chain partners, and
3. Assessment, synthesis and sharing of knowledge gained in project implementation. Assessing the approach includes identification of marketable commodities along with the evaluation of value chain constraints and interventions tested to alleviate such constraints, through a participatory process. The project introduced this approach in 10 Pilot Learning Districts in Ethiopia with the objective of testing/adopting the approach so that it can be promoted nationwide. This section contains IPMS commodity case studies documenting diagnostic results and value chain interventions carried out by the project. The case studies provide evidence of concepts, challenges and lessons learned during project implementation that may be relevant when considering scaling out interventions. However, these case studies are still considered work in progress by authors and will be updated. They are presented here as recent and available information to be shared and used by those who need it.
2. Innovations systems approach – with a focus on the linking and capacitating value chain partners, and
3. Assessment, synthesis and sharing of knowledge gained in project implementation. Assessing the approach includes identification of marketable commodities along with the evaluation of value chain constraints and interventions tested to alleviate such constraints, through a participatory process. The project introduced this approach in 10 Pilot Learning Districts in Ethiopia with the objective of testing/adopting the approach so that it can be promoted nationwide. This section contains IPMS commodity case studies documenting diagnostic results and value chain interventions carried out by the project. The case studies provide evidence of concepts, challenges and lessons learned during project implementation that may be relevant when considering scaling out interventions. However, these case studies are still considered work in progress by authors and will be updated. They are presented here as recent and available information to be shared and used by those who need it.
Browse
Recent Submissions
Item Sheep fattening value chain development in Goma Pilot Learning Woreda (PLW): IPMS experiences(Case Study, 2013-04-18) Baredo, Y.; Tefera, T.L.; Tegegne, Azage; Hoekstra, DirkTraditionally, most smallholder farmers in Goma and elsewhere in Ethiopia engage in sheep and goat fattening to generate sufficient income to meet household requirements and other social obligations. A rapid assessment with IPMS project partners in Goma found that traditional sheep fattening is constrained by inadequate feed supply, low nutritive value of available feed resources, and lack of technical knowledge which resulted in prolonged fattening period and low economic return. Accidental death or loss of fattened animals for various reasons is another challenge for vulnerable smallholders, especially if sheep are purchased on credit. During discussion with various stakeholders, several potential interventions were identified to initiate a more commercially oriented small ruminant enterprise addressing some of the constraints with new interventions. These included i) reduced fattening periods through supplementary feed using locally available cotton seed meal (CSM), ii) piloting a community-based/managed livestock insurance scheme with 120 target farmers in Kilole PA, iii) introducing an innovative credit scheme through Oromia Credit and Saving Share Company (OCSSCo) for entrepreneurial fattening, and iv) introducing leguminous forage seed multiplication by model farmers. Meetings were held by the district OoA staff in some Peasant Associations to discuss identified problems and potential interventions. Subsequently, one pilot Peasant Association that agreed to include women in the program was selected. Other discussions/trainings were also held with farmers and project partners to develop community-based livestock insurance scheme and to increase knowledge and skills on supplementary feeding and forage (seed) production and selection of lambs for fattening. Following the value chain approach, linkages were created with the woreda veterinary services and an oil extraction factory in the District capital which produced cotton seed meal; this had never been used in the District before. We facilitated the linkage of target farmers with OCSSCo. Data were collected from all 120 target farmers using a questionnaire and group discussion. The study showed that more than 74% of the farmers managed to shorten the fattening period by 50%, i.e. from six months to three months. In the course of first cycle, 510 sheep were fattened of which 15 died. Thirteen (13) were immediately refunded by the community-based livestock insurance scheme and 2 claims were rejected by the livestock insurance capital managing committee based on conditions spelled out in the by-laws. Average return from five sheep in one cycle was about Ethiopian birr (ETB)1 450. Loan repayment by women participants was 100%, and some male farmers defaulted. Scaling out is taking place, which includes fattening more sheep per cycle by some entrepreneurial female farmers.Item Smallholder dairy value chain development: The case of Ada’a woreda, Oromia Region, Ethiopia(Case Study, 2012-12-31) Alemayehu, N.; Hoekstra, Dirk; Tegegne, AzageItem የወተት ሃብት ልማት—የምርታማነት ማሻሻያና የገበያ ስኬት (IPMS) ፕሮጀክት የእሴት ሰንሰለት (value-chain) ማበልፀጊያ ተሞክሮዎች ጥንቅር(Report, 2012-12-15) International Livestock Research InstituteItem ንብ ማነብ — የምርታማነት ማሻሻያና ገበያ ስኬት (IPMS) ፕሮጀክት የእሴት ሰንሰለት (value-chain) ማበልጸጊያ ተሞክሮዎች ጥንቅር(Report, 2012-12-15) International Livestock Research InstituteItem ፍራፍሬዎች— የምርታማነትና ገበያ ስኬት ማሻሻያ ፕሮጀክት (IPMS) የእሴት ሰንሰለት (value-chain) ማበልፀጊያ ተሞክሮዎች ጥንቅር(Report, 2012-12-15) International Livestock Research InstituteItem የስጋና የቁም እንስሳት—የምርታማነት ማሻሻያና የገበያ ስኬት (IPMS) ፕሮጀክት የእሴት ሰንሰለት (value-chain) ማበልፀጊያ ተሞክሮዎች ጥንቅር(Report, 2012-12-15) International Livestock Research InstituteItem ሥርዓተ ጾታ(Report, 2012-12-15) Aregu, Lemlem; Puskur, Ranjitha; Renard, Genevieve; Hoekstra, Dirk; MacMillan, SusanItem አትክልት—የምርታማነት ማሻሻያና የገበያ ስኬት (IPMS) ፕሮጀክት የእሴት ሰንሰለት (value-chain) ማበልፀጊያ ተሞክሮዎች ጥንቅር(Report, 2012-12-15) International Livestock Research InstituteItem Participatory smallholder dairy value chain development in Fogera woreda, Ethiopia: Experiences from IPMS project interventions(Case Study, 2012-07-30) Gebey, T.; Lemma, T.; Hoekstra, Dirk; Tegegne, Azage; Alemu, B.Market-oriented smallholder dairy in Fogera has an opportunity for growth because of growing urban population in the district itself as well as in the wider Bahr Dar–Gondar milkshed. IPMS in 2005 introduced a participatory market-oriented dairy value chain development approach with partner organizations. IPMS together with its partners also identified gaps in the dairy value chain through Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA) and also designed interventions involving key value chain actors. This approach included increased use of knowledge capturing and sharing by the extension services. Major production interventions were the development of communal grazing areas through clearance of noxious weed called Hygrophilla auriculata and introduction of area enclosure, backyard fodder development and increased use of rice crop residues. Input service supply interventions included community-based trypanosomosis control and bulls stations. IPMS and its partners also provided the required support for establishment of two milk processing marketing cooperatives. Communal grazing area development is now practised in 16 villages (PAs) and harvested biomass production was estimated at 7 to 11 t of DM/year. As a result of the cut-and-carry system, the proportion of legumes increased, thus improving its nutritive value. The increased availability of the rice straw and bran resulting from rice value chain development in Fogera has also impacted dairy production. Urea treatments of rice straw as well as supplementary feeding with rice bran were demonstrated in 13 PAs. An on-farm experiment conducted by an MSc student indicated doubling of daily milk yields. However, use of straw could be increased further if urea for the treatment of straw could be made available in the dry season. Trypanosomosis control introduced in infested areas has significantly reduced the number of infected animals and the program is now institutionalized by regional, district and NGO partners. The introduction of bull stations resulted in increased number of improved Fogera breed cows and crossbreed with Holstein-Frisians. However, the number of improved dairy cows is still low and the District should consider the recently introduced mass insemination approach with the help of hormones. Marketing and processing of milk in urban and peri-urban areas through formation of small cooperatives has started; however, impact is still limited due to lack of business orientation, and alternative marketing outlets for individual producers. While some linkages were made with the larger Bahr Dar milkshed, more attention needs to be paid to this market once milk production increases. A household survey conducted in 2009, which assessed the combined impact of all interventions, showed significant differences in milk quantities sold by adopter and non-adopter households in the urban areas and doubling of butter production/sales in the rural areas. It is noted that this additional butter sales benefits rural women since they manage the production and sale of butter.Item Market-oriented beekeeping development to improve smallholder income: Results of development experiences in Atsbi-Womberta District, northern Ethiopia(Case Study, 2012-07-30) Woldewahid, G.; Gebremedhin, Berhanu; Hoekstra, Dirk; Tegegne, Azage; Berhe, Kahsay; Weldemariam, D.Beekeeping is an important income-generating activity in the Atsbi-Womberta district of Tigray. Beekeeping can also be easily integrated into the on-going natural resources conservation developments in the district. However, beekeeping has traditionally been considered as a supplementary enterprise and its potential as a source of smallholder income has never been fully utilized. The Improving Productivity and Market Success (IPMS) of Ethiopian Farmers Project, in collaboration with the district Office of Agriculture and Rural Development (OoARD), the regional Bureau of ARD and other partners have introduced, tested and promoted improved beekeeping development practices based on the value chains framework. This paper presents results of this experience. The core of the experience is the transformation of a largely traditional system towards a more knowledge based and market-oriented beekeeping. Major interventions include introduction, testing and promotion of learning platforms on improved use of hive equipment, improved apiary and colony management, bee forages, harvesting and postharvest handling practices, and facilitation of access to market information and linkages. Qualitative and quantitative studies were conducted to assess developmental changes made due to the interventions. Results show that the honey productivity of adopters increased by about threefold (32 kg honey/hive per year) compared to the non-adopters (10 kg honey/hive per year) in 2008 despite the variation in rainfall distribution and amount. Interestingly, the honey productivity of adopters increased by 52% in 2008 (32 kg honey/hive per year) compared to those adopters in 2004 (21 kg honey/hive per year). Market-oriented improved beekeeping adopters had a threefold higher income from the sale of honey (Ethiopian birr, ETB1 1820/household per year) than non-adopters (ETB 614/household per year). Moreover, the gross annual income of smallholder beekeepers in the district increased from about ETB 2.7 million in 2004 to ETB 19.5 million in 2008. Similarly, the number of honeybee colonies has increased by about fourfold and that of beneficiaries increased by about threefold. About 36% of the beekeepers adopted improved beekeeping management which contributed to about 75% of the district gross annual income of smallholder beekeepers in 2008. The basis of transformation towards market-oriented beekeeping has been capacity building of beekeepers to acquire, share and use improved skills. Results show that marketoriented improved beekeeping appears to be a more resilient income generating business under the uncertain and variable rainfall conditions.Item Pullet production and supply business development by women’s groups in selected kebeles of Dale pilot learning woreda: Experiences from IPMS(Case Study, 2012-07-17) Yilma, K.; Tegegne, Azage; Hoekstra, Dirk; Yigzaw, M.Shortage of pullet supply and high mortality of local chicks arising from diseases and inadequate feed were the main challenges identified through a rapid diagnostic survey on the poultry value chain in Dale. Accordingly, women group-based commercial pullet rearing as an input for smallholder poultry production was initiated by the Office of Agriculture and Rural Development (OoARD) and IPMS. To develop the program, a credit scheme was initiated by the Regional Rural Finance Fund Administration, using IPMS’s credit innovation funds. With assistance of OoARD, eighty women subdivided into five (village) groups, collectively purchased 4000 day-old chicks (50/woman) and other inputs such as feed, vaccines, hay box brooder and watering equipment. The women were trained and developed their skills through their group structures. The required vaccinations were also given by the women themselves under the auspices of the group structures that taught them how to make best use of available vaccine size (500 doses/vial). After 4–5 months, 3470 pullets survived and were kept by the women or sold to others for egg production. Empirical results show that: i) the group approach helped to improve linkages, communication, and access to knowledge, technology, finance, inputs (day-old chicks and feed), veterinary service, and market; ii) the groups were able to successfully produce and supply pullets thus making an additional income of Ethiopian birr (ETB)1 833/hh; iii) the approach stimulates growing demand for the 5 months-old pullets, especially by government/donor financed programs. While being technically and economically viable, the system requires institutional upgrading so as to ensure sustainability of input supply (chicks, feed and vaccine/drugs) at the nearest market both for pullet and egg producers. The commitment shown by WoARD to provide technical backstopping in all aspects of poultry production also leaves much to be desired. These are crucial at least for the first few cycles, while more emphasis should be given to promoting improved local birds. As the follow-up studies on subsequent egg production showed, considerable attention needs to be paid to building the capacity of poultry farmers to engage in semi-commercial egg production, since egg production was still far below its potential. The study also shows that a difference of as high as 35% existed between egg production level by households who had purchased the pullets privately and households who had received the pullets through food security funded projects in Dale area.Item Addressing irrigation needs of Alamata farmers: Options and scope - Final draft report(Report, 2006-11-30) Makombe, Godswill; Prasad, Krishna Chandra; Berhane, G.; Gebregziabiher, T.; Gebrekirstos, G.Item Assessment of water resources and recommendation to improve water resources management: Final draft report(Report, 2006-11-30) Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Totoba, W.; Lemperiere, Philippe; Alemayehu, N.; Getahun, K.Item Selected good practices in agricultural knowledge management(Report, 2011-01-07) International Livestock Research InstituteItem Status and capacity of Farmer Training Centers (FTCs) in the Improving Productivity and Market Success (IPMS) Pilot Learning Woredas (PLWs)(Report, 2011-08-30) Lemma, T.; Sehai, Ermias; Hoekstra, DirkItem Knowledge centers in the Pilot Learning Woradas of Improving Productivity and Market Success Project: Utilization, relevance(Report, 2011-08-30) Lemma, T.; Sehai, Ermias; Hoekstra, DirkItem Production and marketing of Kabuli chickpea seeds in Ethiopia: Experiences from Ada District(Report, 2006-05-30) Jones, R.; Audi, P.; Shiferaw, B.; Gwata, E.Item Rice value chain development in Fogera woreda based on the IPMS experience(Case Study, 2012-03-30) Gebey, T.; Berhe, Kahsay; Hoekstra, Dirk; Alemu, B.Rice was a staple food crop for more than half of the world’s population. The Asian rice, Oryza sativa and African rice O. glaberrima were the two most cultivated species. The discovery of wild rice in the Fogera plain in the early 1970s was the basis for rice introduction in the woreda as well as in the Amhara region. In the early 1980s through the technical support of North Korean experts, rice cultivation in the seasonally flooded plains started as a pilot in Jigna and Shaga cooperatives in Dera and Fogera woredas, respectively. By 2004, through various development activities, the rice production area had increased to about 6000 hectares. In the rapid rural appraisal conducted by IPMS and various stakeholders in 2004/05, farmers in seasonally flooded areas wanted to increase their rice acreage by addressing bottlenecks in the value chain, in particular excessive weed growth. At the same time farmers in the upland areas were also interested in introducing rice into their farming system. During the intervention period, the price of rice tripled, which further stimulated the interest in rice production. In 2010, the rice area had increased to around 15,500 ha, of which over 5000 ha was in the uplands. This increase has also contributed significantly to employment opportunities for weeding due to area expansion and increased weeding intensity. Project efforts concentrated on the testing/introduction of upland varieties New Rice for Africa (NERICA) and its seed system to complement the already existing X-Jigna variety, commonly used in Fogera. While seed multiplication has been started, further development of the upland varieties in Fogera should be carefully monitored. Data clearly indicated that most farmers have used the X-Jigna variety to expand rice into in the upland system, probably because of better yield potential, especially at times and locations when/where water availability was not limited. Following the increase in rice production, private traders and processors responded by increasing their capacity in terms of number of grinding mills. It was observed that now over 70% of the rice produced was sold as white rice outside the woreda. As a result of this, many processing/marketing challenges need to be addressed. First of all, the issue of grain breakage during processing has to be tackled to improve quality—this issue, was less important in the past when most grain was processed into flour for making injera. Differences in breakages have been observed between the NERICA and X-Jigna varieties, which require adjustments in processing. Also, consumer preferences in urban centres should be considered since X-Jigna has stickiness characteristics as compared to the NERICA varieties. Rice straw and industrial by-products like hulls and bran were becoming increasingly important as a source livestock feed and linkages with dairy and fattening in the woreda can be further developed.Item Farmers’ use of improved agricultural inputs and practices: review and synthesis of research in Ethiopia(Report, 2011-08-15) Ayele, Seife; Bosire, Caroline K.Ethiopia’s agriculture is typically subsistence, low input‐low output, and rainfed. In the light of a renewed government strategy to use improved inputs and practices to enhance smallholder agricultural productivity and production, strengthening the evidence‐base for the design and implementation of such a strategy becomes central. This paper reviews and synthesizes the findings of seven recent graduate theses researched in Ethiopia, and aims to identify underlying factors influencing the use of improved agricultural inputs among farmers. It shows that farmers’ education strongly influences improved input use across activity areas. Smallholder farmers who used such inputs for commercial production of crops and livestock products are better able to assess market opportunities, have more assets and/or income, and have better access to extension services and credit. However a large number of factors that influence improved inputs use were technology or location specific. The evidence suggests that transforming subsistence, low input‐low output agriculture into market‐oriented, high inputhigh output agriculture entails diverse strategies including promoting cross‐cutting factors like education, infrastructure and participation from women in agricultural development, and equally, targeting interventions like credit to the specific needs of farmers, their local contexts and technological attributes.Item Meat and live animals—A synthesis of IPMS value-chain development experiences(Report, 2011-06-03) International Livestock Research Institute