CIAT Posters and Infographics

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/35708

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Using photovoice as an M&E tool: Evidence of change from smallholder livestock producers’ perspective in Vietnam
(Poster, 2023-09-20) Tu Thanh Mai; Atieno, Mary Otieno; Peters, Michael
Sustainable business models with a gender-sensitive approach for artificial cattle insemination services in the northwest highlands of Vietnam
(Poster, 2023-09-20) Bravo, Aura; Thinh Nguyen; Phuong Nguyen; Triana Ángel, Natalia; Thanh Huyen Le Thi; Marshall, Karen; Burkart, Stefan
Extent of livestock and cropping enterprises in selected counties in Kenya: An assessment
(Poster, 2023-09-20) Mwendia, Solomon W.; Lukuyu, Ben A.; Maina, Kevin W.; Odhiambo, Ruth; Muthomi, Fredrick; Waluse, Kenneth; Dhamankar, Mona; Peters, Michael
Performance and livestock producers’ integration into cattle and pig farmer groups in NWH Vietnam
(Poster, 2023-09-30) Bravo, Aura; Thinh Nguyen; Phuong Nguyen; Triana Ángel, Natalia; Tran The Cuong; Pham-Van Hung; Nga Nguyen; Huyen Nguyen; Marshall, Karen; Burkart, Stefan
Farmer groups in Vietnam have undergone considerable transformations following the enforcement of the 2012 Law on Cooperatives. Under the new regulations, the old cooperative model became obsolete, which led to the disintegration or stop operation of numerous organisations. This gave way to a developing process of new forms of association in agricultural production, a field open to exploration. Within an evolving economy with greater exposure to international markets, adopting a scheme based on collective voluntariness reveals a challenging path for agricultural production’s social organisation, even more so if the individual perspectives of stakeholders on the performance and convenience of these groups are considered. Previous interventions have promoted the creation of farmer groups in Vietnam’s Northwest Highlands (NWH) to foster associativity, facilitating connection to markets and economies of scale for services, technologies, and knowledge transfer to livestock farmers. This research thus provides an assessment of the functioning and capacities of farmer groups engaged in cattle and pig production. To this end, five components were defined based on tools commonly used for strengthening farmer groups: 1) democratic, inclusive, and participatory management, 2) service offer and capacity building, 3) economic and financial sustainability, 4) managerial and administrative capacity, and 4) market connections and trading capacity. This approach integrates the analysis of behavioural elements from members, non-members, men, women, and local authorities on the perceived trust and commitment to participate in existing forms of cooperation. Information was collected through focus groups discussion and key informant interviews. The findings are currently being analysed and will allow researchers to design interventions aimed at strengthening farmer groups. They will too serve as input for current efforts to develop innovative models to deliver and scale innovations towards sustainable livestock production, replicable in other regions.
Growing brachiaria grass
(Infographic, 2020-09) Lukuyu, Ben A.; Mwendia, Solomon W.
Strategies to achieve the GHG Mitigation Goals of the livestock sector in Latin America
(Poster, 2020) Ruden, Alejandro; Arango, Jacobo; Martínez Barón, Deissy; Loboguerrero Rodriguez, Ana María; Berndt, Alexandre; Chacón, Mauricio; Torres, Carlos Felipe; Oyhantçabal, Walter; Gómez, Juan A.; Ricci, Patricia; Ku-Vera, Juan Carlos; Burkart, Stefan; Moorby, Jon M.; Chirinda, Ngonidzashe
Livestock production is a fundamental source of income and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Latin American countries. 20 percent of the region's emissions come from agriculture, 70 percent of which comes from livestock. There are several management and technology options with enteric methane mitigation potential that have been evaluated and their scale is expected to contribute to achieving the GHG emission reduction targets under the Paris Agreement. These technologies include management of the animal diet, reproductive control, administration of supplements, and reduction of the age at slaughter, among others. However, widespread adoption of promising mitigation options remains limited, raising questions about whether the planned emission reduction targets are achievable. Using the results of local studies, we have explored the mitigation potentials of currently proposed management technologies and practices to mitigate enteric methane emissions from livestock production systems in Latin American countries with the highest emissions. We then discuss the barriers to adopting innovations that significantly reduce enteric methane emissions from livestock and the main changes in policies and practices necessary to raise national ambitions in high-emission countries. Drawing on today's latest science and thought, we take our perspective to an inclusive approach and reimagine how the academic, research, business and public policy sectors can support and incentivize the changes necessary to raise the level of ambition and achieve goals of sustainable development, taking into account actions from the farm to the national scale. Some improvements identified and that need to be made are improving access to information through effective technology transfer plans, access to financial products by small producers, and establishing seed multiplication systems for fodder materials.
High-Andean oat (Altoandina) as alternative for Colombia’s high-altitude dairy systems: an economic analysis
(Poster, 2020) Enciso, Karen; Castillo, Javier; Albarracín, Luis; Campuzano, L; Burkart, Stefan
In the Colombian high-altitude tropics (2200-3000 m.a.s.l.), Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus) is the main feed source for the dairy system. This grass species has good characteristics regarding adaptability and productivity, but is affected by frost, grass bugs (Collaria sp.) and precipitation-related production seasonality. Forage deficits might thus be a problem at several times in a year. As a strategy to maintain production stable, dairy farmers use commercial feed concentrates increasing their production costs. AGROSAVIA, as a response to this, started in 2005 with the evaluation and selection of new forage species for the Colombian high-altitude tropics. The oat Avena sativa AV25T was identified as promising alternative to supply the requirements of dry matter in times of deficit and released as cultivar in 2018 under the name Altoandina (high-Andean oat). The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic viability of Altoandina in Colombia’s high-altitude dairy systems. Altoandina (Aa) was provided as silage in two different diets: 35%Aa-65% Kikuyu grass (yellow diet) and 65%Aa-35% Kikuyu grass (red diet). The diet for comparison was traditional grazing with 100% Kikuyu grass (blue diet). All diets were supplemented with 6kg commercial feed concentrate, 0.5kg cotton seeds and 0.5kg Alfalfa flour per cow/day, respectively. To estimate economic indicators, we used a cashflow model and risk assessment under a Montecarlo simulation model. Including Altoandina incremented productivity per hectare by 82.3% and 220% in the yellow and red diets, respectively. According to the results of our economic model, the yellow diet is the best alternative. Its average NPV was superior in >80% and showed a lower variability. The indicators Value at Risk (VaR) and probability (NPV<0) show the yellow diet to have the lowest risk for economic loss under different yield/market scenarios. The yellow diet also has the lowest unit production costs and uncertainty of productive parameters. According to our findings, supplementation with Altoandina at 35%, i.e. during critical times, has high potential to improve efficiency and profitability. This information is key to the decision-making process of dairy farmers on whether or not to adopt this technology.
Arachis pintoi: Potential for risk reduction/productivity increase in livestock systems of the Colombian Orinoquía region
(Poster, 2020) Enciso, Karen; Rincón, Álvaro; Ruden, Alejandro; Burkart, Stefan
In parts of the foothills of the Colombian Orinoquía region, bovine livestock production takes place on poorly drained soils. The region is dominated by extensive grazing systems with Brachiaira humidicola cv. Humidicola. This grass has shown high adaptation potential under temporal waterlogging conditions. However, despite maintaining high yields in terms of biomass, its nutritional quality is low. In many cases, inadequate management practices and low soil fertility result in degradation. As a result of this, a lack of feed is a major constraint in the Orinoquía, particularly during dry season. According to climatic projections for the region, annual precipitation and maximum temperatures will increase and this will negatively affect quantity and quality of forages and increase waterlogging risks. Against this background, AGROSAVIA, in 2013, started agronomic evaluations of forage legumes. They selected Arachis pintoi CIAT 22160 (Arachis) as promising alternative for livestock production on soils with waterlogging problems. It showed good agronomic behavior in terms of nutritional quality, persistence and compatibility with grasses such as Humidicola. Based on the agronomic evaluations, this study assesses milk profitability in the foothills of the Colombian Orinoquía from an economic perspective. We compared two production systems: T1, the association Arachis – Humidicola and T2, Humidicola as monoculture. We used a cashflow model and risk assessment under a Montecarlo simulation model to estimate economic indicators. The projections for economic returns consider changes in forage characteristics for both treatments, resulting from variations in the projected climatic variables under different climate change scenarios for the region RCP (2:6, 4.5, & 8.5). The LIFE-SIM model was used to simulate dairy production according to forage production, animal information and environmental characteristics. Results show that T1 incremented animal productivity by 11%, among others. T1 also results in better grass persistence due to higher nitrogen (N) levels in soil resulting from the association with the legume. The legume also provides positive impacts on soil structure and composition. This helps improving the adaptation capacity of the system. Finally, producer incomes could increase as a result of lower vulnerability to (climate) risks and reduced production costs (due to lower N fertilizer use).
ICTs in agriculture: State of the art tools for broader access to tropical forage knowledge
(Poster, 2020) Urrea Benítez, José Luis; Peters, Michael; Burkart, Stefan
The development of information technologies and internet connectivity strongly increased access to scientific knowledge. However, this also comes along with e.g. quality issues, affordability (restricted access to publications, download payments) and increasing numbers of “predatory” publishers. To provide stakeholders with high-quality tropical forage knowledge, various research institutes (CSIRO, QDPIF, CIAT, ILRI), with funds from ACIAR, BMZ/GIZ, DFID and CATAS, developed two tools: 1) Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales (TGFT), a bilingual peer-reviewed open-access journal, indexed in the most recognized databases/journal directories (www.tropicalgrasslands.info). Since its inception in 2013, TGFT has shown sustained growth, reaching in 2019 >228,000 visits, and >492,000 abstract and >696,000 PDF/eBook downloads, respectively. Its main metrics are JCR Impact Factor (0.441), CiteScore (0.80), Journal Rank (0.28) and i10-index (38). It is a RoMEO Green Journal with Gold Open Access status. TGFT provides access to all papers published in the former journals Tropical Grasslands (1967‒2010) and Pasturas Tropicales (1979‒2007). 2) Tropical Forages, a tool for selecting forage species for local conditions, launched in 2005 (www.tropicalforages.info). It is among the most widely used (~250-480k annual visits) and cited (450 citations) tropical forages databases and provides information on >170 forage species with potential for use in animal production, identified and characterized by leading tropical forages researchers, including e.g. information on morphology, agronomic management, nutritional value, productive potential or promising accessions. A set of 17 variables allows users filtering through the species and refining a shortlist for their specific local conditions. Seed samples can be requested from the linked CGIAR genebanks. It is a valuable information source for e.g. researchers, extension services or farmers seeking to improve animal productivity and sustainability, which is evidenced by constantly increasing pages visits (2018-2019: from 798k to 1,414k). Both tools have promising outlooks: TGFT’s goal is to become a global benchmark in forage research, supporting the publication of results from the global tropics by following rigorous scientific standards. Tropical Forages is in the process of finalizing its first major update and will be relaunched in 2020, with content updates and notable technical improvements, such as a revamped interface responsive to multiple devices, a mobile application and automatic translation.
The role of seed systems in the adoption of improved forages: the Colombian case
(Poster, 2020) Enciso, Karen; Díaz, Manuel Francisco; Hurtado, Angie; Triana Ángel, Natalia; Burkart, Stefan
Forage improvement processes, which began in Latin America in the 1980’s, have resulted in the release of new cultivars and hybrids superior in terms of productivity, sustainability and adaptability. Increasing the adoption rate of these technologies stands as one of the most promising strategies for the sustainable intensification of bovine livestock production in the tropics. In Colombia, 22 cultivars have been released (through formal channels) since then, most of them specifically aimed towards the country’s tropical lowlands (0-1200m a.s.l.). While positive impacts are found and documented within productive systems implementing these technologies, adoption rates remain low. This research expands on the roles and dynamics of both Research & Development (R&D) institutions and seed supply companies as potential explicative factors behind the processes of adoption and diffusion of forage technologies. We used a qualitative approach and developed a meta-analysis that addresses the functioning of seed systems in developing countries. We also conducted focus groups and semi-structured interviews with key agents (research and development centers, seed suppliers, producers and government agencies, among others). Our findings identify a lack of cohesion among R&D institutions and seed supply companies, prompted by their divergent productive goals and means of financing. As a direct consequence, we note several dynamics hindering the adoption of improved forages: a) duplicated efforts and investments resulting in poorly optimized processes; b) “premature” liberation of cultivars from research institutions that lack proper seed availability; c) simultaneous promotion of forage technologies by both actor types as aligned with distortions in the information given to producers; and d) a primacy of interpersonal relations that further complicates adoption and diffusion processes, as it circumscribes technological advances to a non-institutional realm. These results illustrate the complex dynamics behind forage technology dissemination, underscoring the critical role of a well-established synergy between institutions that can effectively contribute to overcome bottlenecks lying at the core of technology adoption in the country.
COVID-19 and the beef and dairy sector in Colombia: Current and potential developments, impacts and mitigation options
(Poster, 2020-08) Burkart, Stefan; Díaz, Manuel Francisco; Enciso, Karen; Urrea Benítez, José Luis; Charry, Andrés; Triana Ángel, Natalia
Agricultural credit’s role in overcoming barriers to sustainable intensification of bovine livestock production in Colombia
(Poster, 2020-09-09) Díaz, Manuel Francisco; Hurtado, Angie; Enciso, Karen; Triana Ángel, Natalia; Burkart, Stefan
The positive effects of agricultural credit in the modernization of developing economies are well documented and range from increased productivity and reduced vulnerability to seasonality and significant multidimensional poverty reduction. However, credit placement in the Colombian agricultural sector is still low and only 5% of agricultural credits have investment motivations. On the other hand, the sector has been experiencing a significant growth and diversification of credit lines, including some focused on rural women and youth, and others on promoting sustainability in livestock production. This study attempts to analyze the role of agricultural credit in the upscaling and consolidation of sustainable intensification options for bovine livestock production systems. For this, the study adopts a qualitative approach, based on semi-structured interviews and focus groups discussions with key stakeholders (e.g. representatives of financial institutions, policy makers, producer associations), as well as a meta-analysis of recent impact evaluation studies of agricultural credit. Results indicate the presence of structural and market failures. First, the granting of credits has not always corresponded to the spirit of the promotion programs but to political interests and motivations. Second, current credit requirements cause conflicts with producer realities, such as land titles and access to property, and limit accessibility leading to a promotion and proliferation of informal credit structures, with baneful effects on the rural poor. Third, rural poverty limits the effective demand for credit, reducing the incentives for the expansion of private financial services in rural areas. And fourth, lower investment in technology in rural areas, which is related to a) missing recognition of the benefits of an innovation due to deficiencies in extension services; b) information asymmetries on the rates of return of new investments and technologies; and c) high transaction costs. The study proposes elements for the mitigation of these failures, such as a limitation of substitute credits (used for purposes other than agricultural activities) and their reorientation towards sustainable intensification (e.g. with silvo-pastoral systems and appropriate extension services), as well as the promotion of cooperative credits, among others.
Silence speaks out loud: Armed conflict and bovine livestock in Colombia, a historical perspective
(Poster, 2020-09) Triana Ángel, Natalia; Burkart, Stefan
The convoluted nexus between bovine livestock and the dynamics of armed confrontation in Colombia is a terrain open for exploration. While a vast array of archival sources suggests a historical, problematic connection between livestock production, land dispossession and rising violence in rural settings, academic narratives remain scarce. While livestock activities have been largely understood as vital cultural and economic practices in Colombia and Latin America and much has been written on the history of the country’s multifaceted civil war, both phenomena appear to be disconnected from scholarly interpretations. By building on both print media archives and scant, yet path breaking secondary sources, we emphasize two salient perspectives on the topic. First, one literature segment that understands large-scale bovine livestock as a driving force of forced migration and dispossession affecting small producers and peasant communities across Colombia. A second, more recent trend recognizes the critical role of bovine livestock as an opportunity for rural development in impoverished regions, highlighting the importance of livestock systems for different agents, including returning peasants, youth, and even former combatants. Drawing from the experience of Central American communities who, also devastated by recent civil wars, have understood the pivotal function of bovine livestock production as an engine for change and improved livelihoods, we propose a third possible interpretation: one that accounts for the convoluted historical connections between wartime dynamics and cattle and dairy production in Colombia, acknowledges its capacity to empower rural communities in post-conflict contexts and deciphers academic silences as testimonies of its own, violent times. By reconciling divergent postures, our goal is to initiate the conversation around difficult, controversial tropes while seeking to provide methodological and theoretical explanations that can further our understanding on the subject.
Multi-stakeholder platforms for value chain analysis and upgrading. The case of Cocoa in the Colombian Northern Amazon
(Poster, 2017-11) Charry, Andres; Jäger, Matthias; Hurtado Bermudez, Jhon Jairo
The Colombian government is implementing a post conflict agenda that includes rural reforms, focused on areas previously under the FARC guerrilla’s control. Simultaneously and connectedly, the country is experiencing increasing rates of deforestation. To align efforts against deforestation and the promotion of new development models for the Amazon Region, the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development created a program called Visión Amazonía (VA). One of VA components includes the strengthening of agricultural value chains (VCs) committed to zero deforestation goals (MADS, 2015) through the collective construction of upgrading strategies. The cocoa VC has been prioritized given its reforestation capacity, suitability to local conditions, market potential and the existence of committed producer organizations in the region. The International Center of Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) facilitated the consolidation of multi-stakeholder platforms for developing the sector´s VC upgrading strategy in the departments of Guaviare and Caquetá, by using a participatory process that involves key stakeholders along the entire VC.
Towards new genotyping technologies to accelerate forage breeding through marker-assisted selection
(Poster, 2020-01) Villegas, Daniel Mauricio; Arango, Jacobo; Cardoso Arango, Juan Andrés; Castiblanco, Valheria; Vega, José de
Surveying Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) in four provinces of Cambodia
(Poster, 2016) Carvajal-Yepes, Mónica; Jiménez Polo, Jenyfer; Bolaños, Carmen A.; Sok, Sophearith; Cheaheng, Sreng; Mi, Pou; Maung, Tin; Cuéllar, Wilmer Jose
Data solutions to transform agriculture: progress and experiences
(Poster, 2019) Tamene, Lulseged D.
Supporting agricultural transformation through Big Data solutions: experiences and lessons
(Poster, 2019) Abera, Wuletawu; Tamene, Lulseged D.; Erkossa, Teklu; Seid, Jemal; Tibebe, Degefie; Amede, Tilahun; Legesse, Gudina; Sotelo, Humberto; Dorado Betancourt, Hugo Andres; Jiménez, Daniel; Kihara, Job Maguta
Maziwa Zaidi (More Milk) in Tanzania: Best-bet Technologies and Innovations / Cash from Brachiaria and Rhodes grasses hay production
(Poster, 2019-10) Mwendia, Solomon W.; Ohmstedt, Uwe; Peters, Michael
Maziwa Zaidi (More Milk) in Tanzania: Best-bet Technologies and Innovations / Total Mixed Rations for dairy cattle- Rumen8
(Poster, 2019-10) Mwendia, Solomon W.; Ohmstedt, Uwe; Peters, Michael

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