Improved food and nutritional security from better utilization of dairy cattle in Senegal
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Item Ness di same Naggou meew ci Sénégal (dairy cattle keeping in Senegal)(Manual, 2017) Marshall, Karen; Missohou, AyaoItem Conduite d l’élevage bovin laitier au Sénégal (dairy cattle keeping in Senegal)(Manual, 2017) Marshall, Karen; Missohou, AyaoItem Dairy cattle keeping in Senegal(Manual, 2017) Marshall, Karen; Missohou, AyaoItem Policy framework for dairy development in Senegal(Report, 2016-10) Seck, M.; Marshall, Karen; Fadiga, M.L.Item Aflatoxins in dairy cattle feed in Senegal(Poster, 2016-09-19) Marshall, Karen; Missohou, Ayao; Tebug, Stanly Fon; Kagera, I.; Grace, Delia; Lindahl, Johanna F.Aflatoxins are toxic byproducts from moulds, especially Aspergillus flavus. These moulds grow on crops, and in particular maize and ground nuts are often contaminated. In humans, aflatoxins cause rare, high case fatality outbreaks (acute aflatoxicosis) while long term consumption leads to hepatocellular cancer (globally, around 20,000 deaths annually). Aflatoxins are also associated with childhood stunting, although a causal relation is not yet proven. Humans are exposed through the consumption of contaminated foods, including cereals, legumes and human and animal milk (as aflatoxins are excreted in milk). Similarly in livestock, aflatoxins cause hepatic disease, immunosuppression and reduced productivity. In tropical and sub-tropical developing countries, aflatoxins are common and 4.5 billion people are chronically exposed. In addition to the burden of this exposure, the reduction in livestock productivity impacts food security and trade and hence increases aflatoxins' total burden. Knowledge about aflatoxins in Senegal is scarce, especially in relation to the dairy cattle value chain. In this pilot project we measured aflatoxin B1 levels in dairy cattle feeds. Feed samples were obtained from low-input cattle farms in two regions in Senegal (the Thies and Diourbel regions) in August 2015, with between 16 and 36 samples per feed type. Aflatoxin levels were determined by a commercial competitive ELISA. Feeds with the highest levels of aflatoxin were purchased concentrate (with an average of 50 ppb, and a range of 0 to 305 ppb), ground-nut cake (45ppb, 0 to 187ppb) and millet bran (37ppb, 0 to186 ppb). A number of other feeds tested contained aflatoxins at lower levels, namely cornmeal (18ppb, 0 to 104 ppb), wheat bran (9ppb, 0 to 41 ppb) and rice bran (7ppb, 0 to 58ppb). The percentage of feed samples that were above the World Health Organisation's recommended limit for aflatoxin in animal feed (of 5ppb) was high, for example 96% for ground-nut cake, 80% for millet bran, and 69% for concentrate. Although, the aflatoxin levels reported may not significantly affect herd productivity, their impacts on susceptible livestock and carry-over to animal source food may be problematic. Overall, these results suggest the need for further investigation on aflatoxin in Senegal dairy.Item De meilleures races laitières bovines et une meilleure gestion en faveur des populations pauvres rurales au Sénégal(Brief, 2016-06-30) Marshall, Karen; Tebug, Stanly Fon; Juga, J.; Tapio, M.; Missohou, AyaoItem Senegal dairy genetics, Sénégal génétique laitière(Presentation, 2016-04-12) Marshall, Karen; Tebug, Stanly Fon; Juga, J.; Tapio, M.; Missohou, AyaoItem Improved dairy cattle for enhanced livelihoods and food and nutritional security in Senegal(Poster, 2016-03-30) Marshall, Karen; Tebug, Stanly Fon; Juga, J.; Tapio, M.; Missohou, AyaoItem Better dairy cattle breeds and better management can improve the livelihoods of the rural poor in Senegal(Brief, 2016-03-31) Marshall, Karen; Tebug, Stanly Fon; Juga, J.; Tapio, M.; Missohou, AyaoItem Senegal dairy genetics, Sénégal génétique laitière(Presentation, 2015-02-23) Marshall, KarenItem Senegal dairy genetics(Conference Paper, 2014) Marshall, Karen; Tebug, Stanly Fon; Poole, Elizabeth J.; Baltenweck, Isabelle; Tapio, M.; Juga, J.; Missohou, AyaoItem Milk composition of dairy cattle breeds in Senegal(Conference Paper, 2014) Ema, P.J.N.; Marshall, Karen; Tebug, Stanly Fon; Lassila, L.; Poole, Elizabeth J.; Baltenweck, Isabelle; Tapio, M.; Juga, J.; Missohou, AyaoItem Predicting lactation records from test day samples in indigenous and crossbred dairy animals in Senegal(Conference Paper, 2014) Lassila, L.; Marshall, Karen; Ema, P.J.N.; Baltenweck, Isabelle; Poole, Elizabeth J.; Tebug, Stanly Fon; Tapio, M.; Missohou, Ayao; Juga, J.Item Uptake of artificial insemination and non-indigenous cattle in small to medium scale farms in Senegal(Abstract, 2014) Tebug, Stanly Fon; Baltenweck, Isabelle; Poole, Elizabeth J.; Missohou, Ayao; Ema, P.J.N.; Juga, J.; Tapio, M.; Marshall, KarenItem Calf management practices, challenges and opportunities in traditional cattle production systems in the Peanut Basin of Senegal(Journal Article, 2015-06) Tebug, Stanly Fon; Kamga-Waladjo, A.R.; Ema, P.J.N.; Muyeneza, C.; Kane, O.; Seck, A.S.; Ly, M.T.; Lo, M.Calf management in traditional cattle herds in many parts of the tropics receive less attention as compared to immediate income-generating cows or bulls. Information on long-term implications of poorly reared young stock is limited. A study to assess practices, challenges and opportunities during rearing of less than 12-month-old calves in traditional cattle herds in the Peanut Basin of Senegal was carried out. Data were collected on 207 farms through farm visits and completion of a questionnaire. Categorical principal component analysis followed by two-step cluster analysis identified two cattle production systems: livestock based (LB: 47.83 %) and livestock-crop based (LCB, 52.17 %). On average, 2.81 ± 0.15 calves were reared per farm. Calves were weaned at the age of 12.27 ± 0.32 months. A majority of the calves were of indigenous breeds (71.37 %) and were meant to serve as replacement stock (74.23 %). The tropical livestock unit for cattle owned was significantly lower in LB compared to LCB farms (12.71 vs. 18.85). Significantly higher number of farmers owned non-indigenous calves, had clean calf rearing area and reported feed availability in LB farms as compared to LCB farms. A majority of farmers (98.50 %) perceived calf morbidity and mortality as a major challenge in calf rearing. Meanwhile, labour was readily available to assist with calf rearing in 88.24 % of farms in both systems. Capacity building on improve husbandry practices could enhance calf survival and productivity in surveyed farms. Studies to better identify health and feeding constraints of calves will be necessary to define intervention targets.Item Cattle farmer awareness and behavior regarding prevention of zoonotic disease transmission in Senegal(Journal Article, 2015-04-03) Tebug, Stanly Fon; Kamga-Waladjo, A.R.; Ema, P.J.N.; Muyeneza, C.; Kane, O.; Seck, A.; Ly, M.T.; Lo, M.Livestock farmers are known to be at high risk of exposure to zoonosis. A convenience survey to assess Senegalese traditional cattle farmers’ knowledge and attitudes regarding zoonotic diseases with reference to bovine brucellosis was conducted. A total of 222 cattle farmers were interviewed. Just over a quarter (30.1%) of the study participants knew or had heard of zoonotic diseases, whereas 6.8% knew at least one mode of transmission. Rabies was the most named zoonotic disease by farmers who knew zoonosis. Meanwhile, no farmer had heard of bovine brucellosis. Identification of zoonotic disease varied significantly by farmer’s main activity. All farmers reported that they drink milk produced on their cattle farms, and 95.0% drank fresh milk without prior heat treatment. A majority of farmers (70.3%) regularly assist animals during parturition and abortion without protective gloves. Farmers were less likely to assist animals if they had attended formal education. This study reports low knowledge of zoonotic infections and low compliance to control practices. Investigations on possible zoonotic infections, tailored zoonotic disease control programs including disease awareness creation and improved farm management are strongly recommended.Item Determinants of use of breeding technologies in small to medium scale dairy cattle farms in Senegal(Poster, 2014-09-17) Tebug, Stanly Fon; Baltenweck, Isabelle; Poole, Elizabeth J.; Missohou, Ayao; Ema, P.J.N.; Juga, J.; Tapio, M.; Marshall, KarenItem Senegal dairy genetics: Milk composition of dairy cattle breeds in Senegal(Poster, 2014-06-16) Ema, P.J.N.; Marshall, Karen; Tebug, Stanly Fon; Lassila, L.; Poole, Elizabeth J.; Baltenweck, Isabelle; Tapio, M.; Juga, J.; Missohou, AyaoItem Senegal dairy genetics: Establishing a unique information resource on low-input dairy systems(Poster, 2014-06-30) Marshall, Karen; Tebug, Stanly Fon; Juga, J.; Tapio, M.; Missohou, AyaoItem Using advanced DNA approaches to determine breed composition—Senegal dairy genetics(Poster, 2014-06-15) Marshall, Karen; Tebug, Stanly Fon; Juga, J.; Tapio, M.; Missohou, Ayao