PN60 - BFP Indo Gangetic
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/24465
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Item Water and climate change adaptation: Focus on the Ganges-Brahmaputra river system(Working Paper, 2009) Hosterman, H.R.; McCornick, Peter G.; Kistin, E.J.; Pant, A.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Bharati, L.Item Monitoring agricultural water consumption and irrigation performance using freely available MODIS images for a large irrigation system in Pakistan(Conference Paper, 2008) Ahmad, M.D.; Gamage, M.S.D.NilanthaItem Evolution of managing water for agriculture in the Indus River Basin(Conference Paper, 2008) Hakeem Khan, A.; McCornick, Peter G.; Rauf Khan, A.Item Satellite based assessment of agricultural water consumption irrigation performance and water productivity in a large irrigation system of Pakistan(Book Chapter, 2009) Ahmad, M.D.; Turral, Hugh; Nazeer, A.; Hussain, A.Item Assessing and improving water productivity in conservation agriculture systems in the Indus-Gangetic Basin(Conference Paper, 2009) Sharma, Bharat R.; Amarasinghe, Upali A.; Cai, X.L.Item Integrating remote sensing census and weather data for an assessment of rice yield water consumption and water productivity in the Indo-Gangetic river basin(Journal Article, 2010-02) Cai, X.L.; Sharma, Bharat R.Crop consumptive water use and productivity are key elements to understand basin watermanagement performance. This article presents a simplified approach tomap rice (Oryza sativa L.) water consumption, yield, and water productivity (WP) in the Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB) by combining remotely sensed imagery, national census and meteorological data. The statistical rice cropped area and production data were synthesized to calculate district-level land productivity, which is then further extrapolated to pixel-level values using MODIS NDVI product based on a crop dominance map. The water consumption by actual evapotranspiration is estimated with Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model taking meteorological data and MODIS land surface temperature products as inputs. WP maps are then generated by dividing the rice productivity map with the seasonal actual evapotranspiration (ET) map. The average rice yields for Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bangladesh in the basin are 2.60, 2.53, 3.54 and 2.75 tons/ha, respectively. The average rice ET is 416 mm, accounting for only 68.2% of potential ET. The average WP of rice is 0.74 kg/m3. The WP generally varies with the trends of yield variation. A comparative analysis of ET, yield, rainfall and WP maps indicates greater scope for improvement of the downstream areas of the Ganges basin. The method proposed is simple, with satisfactory accuracy, and can be easily applied elsewhere.Item Remote sensing and census based assessment and scope for improvement of rice and wheat water productivity in the Indo-Gangetic Basin(Journal Article, 2009-11) Cai, X.L.; Sharma, Bharat R.Understanding of crop water productivity (WP) over large scale, e.g., river basin, has significant impli-cations for sustainable basin development planning. This paper presents a simplified approach to combine remote sensing, census and weather data to analyze basin rice and wheat WP in In-do-Gangetic River Basin, South Asia. A crop dominance map is synthesized from ground truth data and three existing LULC maps. National statistics on crop area and production information are collected and the yield is interpolated to pixel level using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Crop evapotranspiration is mapped using simplified surface energy balance (SSEB) model with MODIS land surface temperature products and meteorological data collected from 56 weather stations. The average ET by rice and wheat is 368 mm and 210 mm respectively, accounting for only 69% and 65% of potential ET, and 67% and 338% of rain-fall of the crop growth period measured from Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM). Average WP for rice and wheat is 0.84 and 1.36 kg/m3 respectively. WP variability generally follows the same trend as shown by crop yield disregarding climate and topography changes. Sum of rice-wheat water productivity, however, exhibits different variability leading to better understanding of irrigation water management as wheat heavily relies on irrigation. Causes for variations and scope for improvement are also analyzed.Item Impact of climate change on water resources and potential adaptations for agriculture in the Indus-Gangetic basin(Conference Paper, 2010) Sharma, Bharat R.; Condappa, D. deItem Challenges and prospects of sustainable groundwater management in the Indus Basin, Pakistan(Journal Article, 2010-06) Qureshi, A.S.; McCornick, Peter G.; Sarwar, A.; Sharma, Bharat R.In Pakistan, on-demand availability of groundwater has transformed the concept of low and uncertain crop yields into more assured crop production. Increased crop yields has resulted in food security and improved rural livelihoods. However, this growth has also led to problems of overdraft, falling water tables and degradation of groundwater quality, and yields generally remain well below potential levels. Over the last three decades, Pakistan has tried several direct and indirect management strategies for groundwater management. However the success has been limited. This paper argues that techno-institutional approaches such as introducing water rights, direct or indirect pricing and permit systems are fraught with difficulties in Pakistan due to its high population density and multitude of tiny users. Therefore there is a need to develop frameworks and management tools that are best suited to Pakistani needs. Pakistan should follow both supply and demand management approaches. For demand management, adoption of water conservation technologies, revision of existing cropping patterns and exploration of alternate water resources should be encouraged. For supply management, implementation of the groundwater regulatory frameworks developed by Provincial Irrigation and Drainage Authorities (PIDAs) and introduction of institutional reforms to enhance effective coordination between different organizations responsible for the management of groundwater resources should be given priority.Item Water saving technologies for rice-wheat systems in Indo-Gangetic Basin: New developments(Conference Paper, 2009) Sharma, Bharat R.; Cai, X.L.Item Diagnosing irrigation performance and water productivity through satellite remote sensing and secondary data in a large irrigation system of Pakistan(Journal Article, 2009-04) Ahmad, M.D.; Turral, Hugh; Nazeer A.Item Impact of climate change on glacier and ice melt contribution towards the stream flows of the Indus and Ganges Rivers in South Asia(Conference Paper, 2010) Sharma, Bharat R.; Condappa, D. deItem Energy supply and expansion of irrigation in the Indus-Ganges basin(Journal Article, 2009) Scott, Christopher A.; Sharma, Bharat R.Item Assessing potential interventions to maximize fisheries water productivity in the Eastern Gangetic Basin (EGB): Evaluation of constraints and opportunities for improvement context Gorai-Madhumati (GM) sub-basin(Report, 2010) Mustafa, M.G.; Hervas, S.; Khan, Mohammed G.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Rahman, M.M.Item An assessment of agricultural water productivity in the Indo-Gangetic River basin: Current status and scope for improvement(Report, 2009) Cai, X.L.; Sharma, Bharat R.; Matin, M.A.; Sharma, D.; Gunasinghe, SarathItem An assessment of agricultural water productivity in the Indo-Gangetic river basin: Current status and scope for improvement(Conference Paper, 2010) Cai, X.L.; Sharma, Bharat R.Item Indo-Gangetic River Basins: Summary situation analysis(Report, 2008) Sharma, Bharat R.; Amarasinghe, Upali A.; Sikka, Alok KumarItem Tackling water and food crisis in South Asia: Insights from the Indo-Gangetic Basin(Report, 2010-03-15) Sharma, Bharat R.; Amarasinghe, Upali A.; Ambili, G.K.CPWF-IWMI “Basin Focal Project for the Indus-Gangetic Basin” is an initiative by the CPWF, to identify steps to be taken towards integrated management of the IGB’s water and land resources to improve productivity and ensure future sustainability of all production and ecosystems in the basin. The project was developed with the objective of conducting basin-wide analysis of the conditions, constraints and opportunities for improving agricultural water productivity and alleviating poverty through high potential interventions. This objective was accomplished through rigorous analysis and mapping of water availability and access, poverty, and productivity of water and identifying potential interventions that contribute to improved water productivity and poverty alleviation in the Indo-Gangetic basin.