CPWF Books and Proceedings
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Item The Nile River Basin: Water, agriculture, governance and livelihoods(Book, 2012-11-05) Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Smakhtin, Vladimir U.; Molden, David J.; Peden, Donald G.The Nile provides freshwater not only for domestic and industrial use, but also for irrigated agriculture, hydropower dams and the vast fisheries resource of the lakes of Central Africa. The Nile River Basin covers the whole Nile Basin and is based on the results of three major research projects supported by the Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF). It provides unique and up-to-date insights on agriculture, water resources, governance, poverty, productivity, upstream-downstream linkages, innovations, future plans and their implications. Specifically, the book elaborates the history and the major current and future challenges and opportunities of the Nile river basin. It analyzes the basin characteristics using statistical data and modern tools such as remote sensing and geographic information systems. Population distribution, poverty and vulnerability linked to production system and water access are assessed at the international basin scale, and the hydrology of the region is also analysed. This text provides in-depth scientific model adaptation results for hydrology, sediments, benefit sharing, and payment for environmental services based on detailed scientific and experimental work of the Blue Nile Basin. Production systems as they relate to crops, livestock, fisheries and wetlands are analyzed for the whole Blue and White Nile basin including their constraints. Policy, institutional and technological interventions that increase productivity of agriculture and use of water are also assessed. Water demand modeling, scenario analysis, and tradeoffs that inform future plans and opportunities are included to provide a unique, comprehensive coverage of the subject.Item Livelihoods in the Limpopo, The Challenge Program for Water and Food Project No. 1, Increased food security and income in the Limpopo basin: integrating crops, water and soil fertility management options and links to markets(Conference Proceedings, 2006) Mgonja, MA; Waddington, S; Rollin, D.; Masenya, MThis document summarizes presentations and discussions of the workshop to launch the Challenge Program on Water and Food Project No. 1 for the Limpopo river basin in southern Africa. The project is funded through the CGIAR's Challenge Program for Water and Food. It aims to improve food security and farm incomes for smallholder farmers in the Limpopo basin, which covers parts of Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe.Item Exploring the relevance and feasibility of PES approaches for producing environmental services through changes in agricultural practices:a case study in the Mekong Region: Vietnam case.(Report, 2008) Orange, Didier; Nguyen Duy, P; Loiseau, J.B.; Bui Tan Yen; Henry des Tureaux, Thierry; Bardouin, L.; Rodríguez, C.; Bertrand, J; Grandidier, E; Jouquet, Pascal; Tran Duc ToanItem Best bets technologies for improving agricultural water management and system intensification in Ethiopia(Book, 2008) Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Hagos, Fitsum; Amede, Tilahun; Loulseged, MakonnenItem Micro watershed to basin scale impacts of widespread adoption of watershed management interventions in Blue Nile Basin(Book, 2008) Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Tenaw, MequanintHigh population pressure, inappropriate agricultural policies, improper land-use planning, over-dependency on agriculture as source of livelihood and extreme dependence on natural resources are inducing deforestation, overgrazing, expansion of agriculture to marginal lands and steep slopes, declining agricultural productivity and resource-use conflicts in many parts of Blue Nile. Increased land degradation from poor agricultural practices and erosion results in increased siltation and the reduced water quality in the river basin. The rainfall, runoff and sediment are highly variable both in time and space. Poor water and land management upstream severely affect runoff characteristics and the quality of water reaching downstream. The result is a downward spiral of poverty and food insecurity for millions of people both within the upper catchment and downstream across international borders. Quantification of the erosion, sedimentation processes and evaluation of impacts of interventions are difficult tasks. This paper schematizes the Blue Nile Basin (BNB) at various spatial levels as micro watershed, watershed, sub-basin to basin. It is revealed that sediment in the river systems are temporally varying phenomenon and strongly related to the early onset of rainfall. The hydrographs of the systems shows that the peak of sediment reaches first followed by peak of rainfall and then runoff. Furthermore, the sediment cumulative curve shows that most of the sediment volume passes in the river in the first three months of the rainy season. The paper also considers a particular watershed to model runoff, sediment and impact of watershed intervention. The result shows that runoff can be reasonably simulated with calibration of R2=0.87 and validation of result of 0.82, and comparable sediment modelling results. The study also demonstrates, by undertaking spatial analysis using topographic, soil and land use parameters it is possible to identify the high sediment risk sub-watersheds. Impact of typical watershed intervention using various widths of vegetative filter and application on high erosion risk watersheds shows reduction of sediment yield from 52% to 74%Item Synthesis of soil, water and nutrient management research in the Volta Basin(Report, 2008) Bationo, B. André; Tabo, Ramadjita; Waswa, Boaz Shaban; Okeyo, J.; Kihara, Job Maguta; Fosu, M.; Kabore, S.