ILRI animal and human health program outputs (2017-2024)
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Item Mycotoxins in Kenyan dairy cattle feed: Occurrence and mitigation using bentonite and fumonisin esterase additives(Thesis, 2023-05-09) Kemboi, D.C.The dairy industry plays an integral role in the economy of most sub-Saharan African countries. Over the years the demand of milk and dairy products has increased leading to movement from pastoralism to intensive and semi-intensive systems. These intensive and semi-intensive systems rely on concentrates as a way of improving productivity. However, these concentrates have been shown to contain mycotoxins which are secondary toxic metabolites of fungi that affect animal health and productivity, as well as food safety.Item Perceived drivers of the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Mubende and Kassanda districts, Uganda: a qualitative study(Journal Article, 2024-12-10) Ninsiima, L.R.; Mor, Siobhan M.; Romano, J.S.; Namakula, L.N.; Kankya, C.; Kungu, J.; Mugisha, L.; Klein, J.; Nyakarahuka, L.Introduction: During the most recent Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in Uganda, a cluster of community deaths with epidemiological linkages to the first reported case were identified to have occurred in Mubende, Kassanda and Kampala districts in September 2022. This study aimed to explore perceived drivers of EVD outbreak among affected communities in Mubende and Kassanda districts, Uganda. Methods: We conducted a descriptive qualitative and participatory epidemiology study using focus group discussions (n=4), in-depth interviews (n=12), key informant interviews (n=12) and participatory landscape mapping. The subcounties of Madudu (Mubende district) and Kikandwa (Kassanda district) were purposively selected within each district because Ebola cases were known to have occurred within these areas. The community expressed their own understanding and perceptions of the drivers of Ebola virus outbreak within these subcounties. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic content analysis in Nvivo V.12 software. Data were analysed using both inductive and deductive approaches, where codes, subthemes and themes in the data were merged with global themes. The results were interpreted in the context of the broader literature on the topic using the social-ecological model and the epidemiological triad using the specific experiences and insights of the study participants. Participant responses were categorised in terms of their themes. Results: A total of five themes were identified which described the perceived drivers of Ebola virus outbreaks. These included (1) individual: knowledge about EVD (source of the disease and fear due to death of some suspected cases); (2) interpersonal: perceived sources of Ebola virus spillover (ecological, anthropogenic, environmental and cultural); (3) community: impact of EVD to the community (economic loss and survivors lack of support from the government); (4) organisational: health system challenges in outbreaks (delayed laboratory results, poor recording and reporting systems in the facilities and poor surveillance); and (5) policy: recommendations (use of One Health approach and continuous sensitisation). Conclusions: This study underscores the complex interplay of factors shaping the dynamics of EVD. Understanding Ebola requires not only scientific knowledge but also an appreciation of sociocultural contexts and systemic vulnerabilities within health systems. We therefore recommend comprehensive approaches which integrate scientific expertise with community participation, strengthen health systems and foster collaboration across sectors to mitigate the impact of future outbreaks to address these challenges effectively. Additionally, raising awareness, sensitising the public and safeguarding natural habitats are crucial steps to mitigate the risk of future disease outbreaks.Item Restoration of Livestock Services in Conflict and Drought Affected Areas of Ethiopia (RESTORE) 2024–2028(Brief, 2024-11-30) International Livestock Research InstituteItem Reducing the emergence and spread of waterborne antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Ethiopia from a One Health perspective(Report, 2024-12-30) Graham, D. W.; Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Haile, Alemseged Tamiru; Moodley, A.; Goshu, G.; Kibret, M.Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing global health problem with serious impacts in Ethiopia. Environmental waters play a key role in the transmission and spread, and potentially in the development of resistance. The elevated presence of AMR and antimicrobials in Ethiopian water systems arises from inadequate waste management coupled with poorly regulated antimicrobial use (AMU) in the human, animal and agricultural sectors. The continued and inconsistent use of antimicrobials by healthcare providers and community-scale drug consumption drives AMR development in the gut of users, which spreads via wastes and water in Ethiopia. However, the massive use and misuse of antimicrobials is also common among animal health care providers, including unskilled and animal husbandry practitioners, which also results in waste releases and the environmental transmission and spread of AMR. Surveillance should prioritize monitoring AMU and AMR, with a specific focus on water as a key conduit for AMR spread and a critical point for detection and control. However, monitoring studies must quantify the relative exposures from different AMR sources in parallel with health studies, i.e., One Health studies that provide integrated data that promote greater recognition and action of water environment in National Action Plans, which is currently not adequately supported in Ethiopia. Only through integrated studies across all sectors will develop solutions to locally and globally increasing AMR. Strategies to mitigate AMR must involve: Encouraging prudent antimicrobial use and stewardship in humans and animal; Reducing inadequately treated fecal wastes to the environment: Strengthening standardized and integrated AMR surveillance and modelling; Championing water and One Health in National Action Plans for reducing AMR; Promoting sustainable “best buy” technologies and practices for water pollution control and health risk mitigation; Increasing training, education, and awareness; and Improving policy and institutional capacities to create an enabling environment for the effective implementation of all previous recommendations.Item The one-humped wonder: Ethiopia’s camels in focus(News Item, 2024-06-25) Megersa, B.; Amenu, Kebede; Knight-Jones, Theodore J.D.; Jemberu, Wudu T.As the United Nations marks 2024 as the International Year of Camelids, we explore some key facts about Ethiopia’s camels, and their crucial but underappreciated role in supporting livelihoods and food security in the face of climate change.Item Enhancing disease surveillance through data digitization in meat inspection(Report, 2024-07-23) Kimani, Daniel; Chemutai, Abigael; Cook, Elizabeth A.J.Item Supporting One Health coordination toward safer food: insights from technical working groups in Vietnam and Ethiopia(Presentation, 2024-07-29) Lam, Steven; Sinh Dang-Xuan; Bekele, Meseret; Amenu, Kebede; Alonso, Silvia; Unger, Fred; Hung Nguyen-VietItem Food Safety Technical Working Group 2024 and recommendations(Presentation, 2024-12-10) Unger, FredItem Support to animal food safety improvement: Lessons learnt from 2024 activities and tentative plan for 2025(Presentation, 2024-11-21) Sinh Dang-Xuan; Unger, FredItem Restoration of livestock services in drought affected areas (RESTORE): Vision and impact(Presentation, 2024-11-08) Jarso, D.Item Restoration of livestock services in conflict affected areas (RESTORE): Amhara Region(Presentation, 2024-11-08) Sinshaw, W.Item Reflection on HEARD project: A prelude to RESTORE(Presentation, 2024-11-08) Gizaw, SolomonItem European Union support to Ethiopia’s livestock sector: Looking back to the future(Presentation, 2024-11-08) Jalleta, T.Item RESTORE project: Afar, Southern Ethiopia and Tigray(Presentation, 2024-11-08) Knight-Jones, Theodore J.D.Item RESTORE launching workshop(Presentation, 2024-11-08) Duguma, B.E.Item Training report on food safety risk assessment and management(Report, 2024-02-15) Sinh Dang-Xuan; Unger, FredThe Agroecology and Safe Food System Transitions (ASSET) project is a five-year regional initiative (2020–2025) funded by AFD, the EU, and FFEM, implemented in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. The project aims to promote agroecology for sustainable food and agricultural systems through capacity building, technical and organizational innovations, and policy dialogue. In Vietnam, the project focuses on Dien Bien and Son La provinces, with food safety as a key component. ILRI, in collaboration with local authorities and HUPH, organized a one-day training in Son La to enhance food safety management. The training covered Vietnam's food safety situation, risk assessment frameworks, and interventions to improve hygiene practices in traditional markets. It aimed to strengthen local authorities' capacity and support sustainable agricultural transformation in the province.Item Development and use of mobile application for transboundary animal and emerging zoonotic diseases surveillance – A One Health project for improving human, animal health and food security in Vietnam(Poster, 2024-10-16) Thang Nguyen-Tien; Luong Hung Nam; Sinh Dang-Xuan; Unger, Fred; Lindahl, Johanna F.; Hu Suk Lee; Park, M.Item Prioritization of emerging zoonotic diseases (EZDs) in northern Vietnam(Poster, 2024-10-16) Luong Hung Nam; Thang Nguyen-Tien; Sinh Dang-Xuan ; Unger, Fred; Hien Nguyen-Thi-Thu ; Bui Nghia Vuong; Dao Duy Tung; Phuc Pham-Duc ; Lindahl, Johanna F.; Hu Suk LeeItem Improving human health through sustainable value chains in human-animal-environmental interactions using ICT in Vietnam (ICT4Health)(Presentation, 2024-10-17) Sinh Dang-Xuan ; Luong Hung Nam; Unger, Fred; Bui Nghia Vuong; Dao Duy Tung; Hung Nguyen-VietItem Stakeholder workshop on the dissemination of findings of interventions to improve food safety in red meat vendor shops in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Report, 2024-12-13) Amenu, Kebede; Dinede, Getachew; Keba, Abdi; Lam, Steven; Mekonnen, A.; Abate, Gashaw T.; Hoffmann, Vivian; Grace, Delia; Hung Nguyen-VietThe objectives of the workshop were to share the preliminary results of CGIAR initiatives related to food safety activities in Ethiopia and discuss challenges, successes, lessons learned and the way forward.