CGIAR Initiative on Breeding Resources

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/117899

Part of the CGIAR Action Area on Genetic Innovation

Primary CGIAR impact area: Poverty reduction, livelihoods and jobs

https://www.cgiar.org/initiative/04-enabling-tools-technology-and-services-for-genetic-gains/

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 130
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    Stacking beneficial haplotypes from the Vavilov wheat collection to accelerate breeding for multiple disease resistance
    (Journal Article, 2024) Jingyang Tong; Tarekegn, Zerihun T.; Jambuthenne, Dilani; Alahmad, Samir; Periyannan, Sambasivam; Lee T. Hickey; Dinglasan, Eric; Hayes, Ben
    Wheat production is threatened by numerous fungal diseases, but the potential to breed for multiple disease resistance (MDR) mechanisms is yet to be explored. Here, significant global genetic correlations and underlying local genomic regions were identified in the Vavilov wheat diversity panel for six major fungal diseases, including biotrophic leaf rust (LR), yellow rust (YR), stem rust (SR), hemibiotrophic crown rot (CR), and necrotrophic tan spot (TS) and Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB). By adopting haplotype-based local genomic estimated breeding values, derived from an integrated set of 34,899 SNP and DArT markers, we established a novel haplotype catalogue for resistance to the six diseases in over 20 field experiments across Australia and Ethiopia. Haploblocks with high variances of haplotype effects in all environments were identified for three rusts, and pleiotropic haploblocks were identified for at least two diseases, with four haploblocks affecting all six diseases. Through simulation, we demonstrated that stacking optimal haplotypes for one disease could improve resistance substantially, but indirectly affected resistance for other five diseases, which varied depending on the genetic correlation with the non-target disease trait. On the other hand, our simulation results combining beneficial haplotypes for all diseases increased resistance to LR, YR, SR, CR, TS, and SNB, by up to 48.1%, 35.2%, 29.1%, 12.8%, 18.8%, and 32.8%, respectively. Overall, our results highlight the genetic potential to improve MDR in wheat. The haploblock-based catalogue with novel forms of resistance provides a useful resource to guide desirable haplotype stacking for breeding future wheat cultivars with MDR.
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    Modèle conceptuel de prévision du prix du bétail : Étude de cas du sénégal
    (Report, 2024-12-23) Edorh, Theophile; Thiaw, Moussa; Houessionon, Prosper; Worou, Nadine; Wane, Abdrahmane
    L'élevage est un pilier de l'économie sénégalaise, jouant un rôle essentiel dans la sécurité alimentaire, la réduction de la pauvreté et la résilience face aux crises climatiques et économiques. Cependant, les fluctuations des prix du bétail représentent un défi majeur pour les éleveurs, les commerçants et les décideurs. Ce rapport présente un modèle conceptuel de prévision des prix du bétail au Sénégal, en se focalisant sur les boeufs de plus de 6 ans. En utilisant la décomposition en ondelettes discrètes et le modèle ARIMA (WAV-ARIMA), les résultats montrent une amélioration significative de la précision des prévisions, en excluant la composante détaillée considérée comme du bruit. Cette méthodologie hybride, inspirée d'études précédentes, offre un outil efficace pour anticiper les tendances des prix et réduire l'incertitude. Les implications pour les éleveurs, les chercheurs et les décideurs incluent la mise en œuvre de stratégies adaptées, telles que l'alignement sur les pics saisonniers de demande, l'amélioration des infrastructures et l'intégration de données supplémentaires pour affiner les modèles. En vue d'une gestion optimale du secteur, des recommandations sont formulées pour renforcer les capacités des éleveurs, stabiliser les marchés et développer des prévisions hebdomadaires basées sur des données collectées régulièrement. Ce travail constitue une base pour des recherches futures sur l'adaptation aux changements climatiques et la résilience économique des filières d'élevage.
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    Genomic analysis of modern maize inbred lines reveals diversity and selective breeding effects
    (Journal Article, 2024) Kaijian Fan; Ali, Mohsin; Kunhui He; Yingwei Feng; Tingxi Yu; Hao Zhang; Tai An; Weiwei Zeng; Junjie Fu; Ying Zhou; Yanfang Heng; Fei Gu; Jiankang Wang; Changling Huang; Liang Li; Huihui Li
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    Technical Guidelines for the Safe Movement of Cacao Germplasm. Revised from the FAO/IPGRI Technical Guidelines No. 20 (Fifth Update 2024)
    (Book, 2024-10-10) End, Michelle J.; Daymond, Andrew J.; Hadley, Paul
    These guidelines describe technical procedures that minimize the risk of pest introductions with movement of germplasm for research, crop improvement, plant breeding, exploration or conservation. It is important to emphasize that these guidelines are not meant for trade and commercial consignments of planting materials or cocoa beans (see IPPC - International Plant Protection Convention for information on the International Plant Protection Convention which aims to protect the world's plant resources from the spread and introduction of pests, and promotes safe trade).
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    Development and standardization of key descriptors for agro-morphological characterization in Vigna stipulacea (Lam.) Kuntze.: A potential legume for India
    (Journal Article, 2024-02-04) Tripathi, Kuldeep; Pamarthi, R. K.; Gore, P. G.; Nagaraju, S.; Singh, P. K.; Latha, M.; Ramya, K. R.; Pratap, Aditya; Gautam, R. K.; Rana, Jai Chand; Singh, G. P.
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    Policy dimension for promoting inter and intra‑varietal diversity and evolutionary crop populations
    (Journal Article, 2024-09-09) Joshi, Bal Krishna; Neupane, Shree Prasad; Gauchan, Devendra; Ajaya, Karkee; Dipendra, Ayer Kumar; Mengistu, Dejene Kassahun
    The value of broad genetic base cultivars is often underestimated in the formal seed system, which primarily emphasizes uniform, monogenotyped varieties to ensure food security. To gather insights on the significance of farmer’s varieties, cultivar mixtures, and evolutionary populations, a comprehensive approach involving surveys, focus group discussions, interviews, field observation and literature reviews was undertaken. Current legal frameworks in seed systems and variety handling predominantly serve the interests of seed companies, breeders, and extension officials, with limited consideration for the needs and preferences of farmers. This results in farmer’s varieties, characterized by their high genetic variation, as well as cultivar mixtures and evolutionary populations, receiving limited support within the policy framework. These broad genetic base cultivars have been cultivated and preserved by farmers for generations and exhibit resilience to diverse environmental conditions. The formal seed system, which has gained prominence, has separated farmers from a crucial aspect of their agricultural heritage. It is now managed by government offices and private seed companies, necessitating financial contributions from farmers to participate in the seed system. To encourage the cultivation of site-specific varieties with substantial genetic diversity, there is a need to promote these varieties, whether registered or unregistered, through a legal framework that encompasses all agricultural produces, not solely seeds. Such a framework acknowledges the capacity of farmers to independently maintain and cultivate their seeds, contributing to the preservation of genetic diversity and sustainable agriculture.
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    Genetic innovation gender strategy
    (Brief, 2024) Ashby, Jacqueline A.; Polar, Vivian
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    CGIAR Research Initiative on Breeding Resources: Annual Technical Report 2023
    (Annual Report, 2024-04) CGIAR Initiative on Breeding Resources
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    Genetic innovation gender strategy
    (Report, 2024-04) Ashby, Jacqueline A.; Polar, Vivian; Bonaiuti, Enrico; Bikketti, E.; Belcher, B.
    The Gender Strategy developed by CGIAR aims to address gender inequality in the adoption and benefits of new crop varieties. Women are key producers, processors, and consumers of CGIAR's priority crops, yet their needs are often overlooked. The Strategy uses gender research to develop more attractive varieties that are adopted faster and have fair outcomes for both women and men. It outlines 6 priorities, including mapping gender differences, identifying gender-intentional varieties, and analyzing drivers of gender equality in seed access and use. The Strategy also emphasizes building partnerships and capacity to make CGIAR's breeding programs more gender-responsive, involving social scientists and engaging with gender-transformative organizations. The overarching goal is to ensure new varieties benefit increasing numbers of women and men, advancing gender equality.
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    Empowering breeding resources dynamic strategies for effective capacity building
    (Abstract, 2023) Garcia Oliveira, Ana Luisa; Musundire, Lennin; Eng Hwa Ng; Bohar, Rajaguru; Sneller, Clay; Das, Biswanath; Kehel, Zakaria; Alwee, Sharifah S. S.; Einarson, Stefan
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    Biofortification of tropical maize synthetics using markers
    (Abstract, 2023) Mengesha, Wende; Kebede, Dejene; Menkir, Abebe; Abe, Ayodeji; Garcia Oliveira, Ana Luisa; Gedil, Melaku
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    A mid-density single-nucleotide polymorphism panel for molecular applications in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)
    (Journal Article, 2024) Ongom, Patrick Obia; Fatokun, Christian; Togola, Abou; Garcia Oliveira, Ana Luisa; Eng Hwa Ng; Kilian, Andrzej; Lonardi, Stefano; Close, Timothy J.; Boukar, Ousmane
    Molecular markers are increasingly being deployed to accelerate genetic gain in crop plants. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of a mid-density genotyping panel for molecular applications in cowpea breeding. A core set of 2,602 targeted diversity array technology (DArTag) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was designed from an existing 51,128 Cowpea iSelect Consortium Array. The panel's usefulness was assessed using 376 genotypes from different populations of known genetic backgrounds. The panel was informative, with over 78% of SNPs exceeding a minor allele frequency of 0.20. The panel decoded three stratifications in the constituted population, as was expected. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay was correctly depicted as slower in a biparental subset than in other populations. A known flower and seed coat color gene region was located on chromosome Vu07, suggesting that the mid-density panel may be used to hypothesize genomic regions underlying target traits in cowpea. Unexpected heterozygosity was detected in some lines and highly among F-1 progenies, divulging the panel's potential application in germplasm purity and hybridity verification. The study unveils the potential of an excellent genomic resource that can be tapped to enhance the development of improved cowpea cultivars.
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    RNAseq of diverse spring wheat cultivars released during last 110 years
    (Journal Article, 2023) Maqbool, Saman; Naseer, Samar; Zahra, Nageen; Rasool, Fatima; Qayyum, Humaira; Majeed, Khawar; Jahanzaib, Muhammad; Sajjad, Muhammad; Fayyaz, Muhammad; Kashif Naeem, Muhammad; Ramzan Khan, Muhammad; Zhang, Hao; Rasheed, Awais; Li, Huihui
    Here, we performed RNA-seq based expression analysis of root and leaf tissues of a set of 24 historical spring wheat cultivars representing 110 years of temporal genetic variations. This huge 130 tissues RNAseq dataset was initially used to study expression pattern of 97 genes regulating root growth and development in wheat. Root system architecture (RSA) is an important target for breeding stress-resilient and high-yielding wheat cultivars under climatic fluctuations. However, root transcriptome analysis is usually obscured due to challenges in root research due to their below ground presence. We also validated the dataset by performing correlation analysis between expression of RSA related genes in roots and leaves with 25 root traits analyzed under varying moisture conditions and 10 yield-related traits. The Pearson’s correlation coefficients between root phenotypes and expression of root-specific genes varied from −0.72 to 0.78, and strong correlations with genes such as DRO1, TaMOR, ARF4, PIN1 was observed. The presented datasets have multiple uses such as a) studying the change in expression pattern of genes during time, b) differential expression of genes in two very important tissues of wheat i.e., leaf and roots, and c) studying customized expression of genes associated with important phenotypes in diverse wheat cultivars. The initial findings presented here provided key insights into understanding the transcriptomic basis of phenotypic variability of RSA in wheat cultivars.
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    CGIAR Initiative on Breeding Resources: Plan of Results and Budget 2024 (PORB)
    (Internal Document, 2024-02-05) CGIAR System Organization
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    Capacity building of National Agricultural Research System (NARES) partners on common bean breeding
    (Blog Post, 2023-07-18) Assefa, Teshale; Beebe, Steve; Amongi, Winnyfred; Odama, Roy; Nchanji, Eileen; Yao, Nasser; Mukankusi, Clare; Rubyogo, Jean Claude
    As part of Alliance/PABRA’s initiative to modernize bean breeding, technicians and scientist from the Pan African Bean Research Alliance (PABRA) targeted countries in Africa, were invited for a training on bean breeding with a gender lens. The main purpose of the training was to strengthen the capacity of 54 field technicians and scientists across 30 sub-Saharan countries for four days from May 15 to 18, 2023, in Arusha, Tanzania. The training was specially designed for PABRA member country technicians and scientists of the National Bean and Legume Breeding programs. Participants were trained on the importance of beans in the diet, genetic resources, Mendelian and quantitative segregation basics, how to combine traits in successful crosses, breeding methods, how genealogies are constructed, and the potential of interspecific crosses. Participants were also trained on Demand Led Breeding and Gender integration with respect to bean varietal improvement within the social and economic context.
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    Genomic selection project: Kukidhi mahitaji ya wakulima wa baadaye kwa aina ya maharagwe
    (Brochure, 2023-11-02) Mamo, Teshale Assefa; Nchanji, Eileen; Birachi, Eliud
    Ni kwa jinsi gani njia hii inayotumia maarifa ya genomic inaweza kuongeza uzalishaji wa mazao kwenye mashamba yanayomilikiwa na wanawake, wanaume, na yanayomilikiwa kwa pamoja katika mazingira tofauti?
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    New Drought-Tolerant Crops for Resilient Dryland Livelihoods
    (Blog Post, 2023-03-15) International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas
    An international collaboration of world-leading scientists led by ICARDA Morocco has delivered six ground-breaking new durum wheat and barley varieties tolerant to increasingly severe droughts ravaging the region.
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    Maíces de especialidad para el subtrópico de México
    (Book, 2023) Vazquez-Carrillo, María Gricelda; Preciado-Ortiz, Ricardo Ernesto; Guzmán Maldonado, Horacio; Palacios-Rojas, Natalia