CCAFS Reports

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Memoria del Taller de Priorización de Prácticas de Tecnologías de Agricultura Sostenible Adaptadas al Clima (ASAC) en Nicaragua
(Report, 2020-08-30) García, Anayansi; Martínez Valle, Armando Isaac; Lizarazo, Miguel
El Programa de Investigación de CGIAR en Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria (CCAFS), liderado por el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, bajo el marco del proyecto FIDA “Un viaje en común”, en conjunto al Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), desarrollo el 1er taller de priorización de prácticas y tecnologías de Agricultura Sostenible Adaptada al Clima (ASAC) de forma virtual debido a la pandemia del Covid-19. Este espacio busca reforzar acciones y alianzas a nivel institucional y gubernamental y lograr incidir en la formulación e implementación de políticas para lograr dicha transformación del sistema alimentario convencional, así como generar información clave para promover oportunidades de inversión para la adaptación al cambio climático en el Corredor Seco del país. The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), led by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture, under the framework of the IFAD project "A Common Journey", together with the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), developed the 1st workshop on prioritization of practices and technologies for Sustainable Agriculture Adapted to Climate (ASAC) virtually due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This space seeks to strengthen actions and alliances at the institutional and governmental level and to influence the formulation and implementation of policies to achieve this transformation of the conventional food system, as well as to generate key information to promote investment opportunities for adaptation to climate change in the country's Dry Corridor.
Memoria del Taller de Priorización de Prácticas de Tecnologías de Agricultura Sostenible Adaptadas al Clima (ASAC) en Guatemala
(Report, 2020-08-30) García, Anayansi; Martínez Valle, Armando Isaac; Lizarazo, Miguel
El Programa de Investigación de CGIAR en Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria (CCAFS), liderado por el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, bajo el marco del proyecto FIDA “Un viaje en común”, en conjunto al Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAGA) de Guatemala, desarrollo el 1er taller de priorización de prácticas y tecnologías de Agricultura Sostenible Adaptada al Clima (ASAC) de forma virtual debido a la pandemia del Covid-19. Este espacio busca reforzar acciones y alianzas a nivel institucional y gubernamental y lograr incidir en la formulación e implementación de políticas para lograr dicha transformación del sistema alimentario convencional, así como generar información clave para promover oportunidades de inversión para la adaptación al cambio climático en el Corredor Seco del país. The CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), led by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture, under the framework of the IFAD project "A Common Journey", together with the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAGA) of Guatemala, developed the 1st workshop on prioritization of practices and technologies for Sustainable Agriculture Adapted to Climate (ASAC) virtually due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This space seeks to strengthen actions and alliances at the institutional and governmental level and to influence the formulation and implementation of policies to achieve this transformation of the conventional food system, as well as to generate key information to promote investment opportunities for adaptation to climate change in the country's Dry Corridor.
Measuring Household Resilience in the Climate Smart Villages in the Philippines, Myanmar and Cambodia
(Report, 2022-11) Edralin, Monica; Barbon, Wilson John; Cabriole, Marie Aislinn; Thant, Phyu Sin; Phen, Bunthoeun; Monville-Oro, Emilita; Gonsalves, Julian Francis
Resilience has traditionally been understood as a function of observable and measurable characteristics. More recently, discussions of household resilience have emphasized the need to pay attention to resilience as a set of capacities. What this paper aims to develop is a framework and a methodology for accounting both tangible and intangible characteristics found in the household, that is, measuring assets, social capital, as well as inherent personal characteristics or traits of the household decision-maker that may or may not predispose a household to be resilient. A framework from Béné (2014) was used as an analytical framework for both quantitative and qualitative studies. The quantitative study consists of surveying households (n=623) across six climate-smart villages (CSVs) in Myanmar, Cambodia, and the Philippines. Three dimensions of household resilience were identified: resilience capacities, subjective resilience, and intra-household gender relations. Each dimension of resilience is envisioned to complement the other in order to better understand household level resilience. The dimensions are consolidated in order to construct a Household Resilience Score (HRS). The study confirms that there are strong links found among relationships between the use of CSA initiatives and resilience capacities. The study also revealed that subjective resilience is equally important in understanding household resilience. There is a strong relationship in how households think they can recover from a shock in relation to specific psychosocial traits such as perseverance, self-efficacy, and conscientiousness.
Climate-Smart Village Report: Taung Khamauk Village, Myanmar
(Report, 2022-09-30) Thant, Phyu Sin; Myae, Chan; Barbon, Wilson John; Naung, Ye Win; Gonsalves, Julian Francis
Taung Khamauk village is located in Naung Shwe Township, Southern Shan State. The village is situated 3700 feet above sea level. Hills dominate the village topography with moderate to deep-sloping lands. The primary livelihoods of the village are agriculture and others such as selling fire wood, casual labor, and construction labor. Water scarcity is a significant challenge for agricultural productivity. Rainwater is harvested and stored for domestic use for a year long. Taung Khamauk was designated as a climate-smart village where participatory action research was undertaken from 2019 to 2020 to find solutions to the challenges posed by climate change on the lives and livelihoods of local farmers. In this project, IIRR promoted the CSV approach, facilitating community-based adaptation (CBA) processes, and a portfolio of CSA options is derived. With support from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Canada, the research project was implemented in Myanmar from July 2020 to July 2022. The purpose of this brief is to describe the updated profile of Taung Khamauk village in Southern Shan State, Myanmar, from 2019 to 2022.
Climate Smart Village Report: Htee Pu Village, Myanmar
(Report, 2022-10-06) Thant, Phyu Sin; Myae, Chan; Barbon, Wilson John; Moe, May Zin; Hein, Pyae Phyo; Gonsalves, Julian Francis
Htee Pu village in the Dry Zone was designated as Climate-Smart Village, where participatory action research was undertaken from 2018 to 2020 to find solutions to climate change's challenges to local farmers' lives and livelihoods. A Dry Zone is typically characterized by a lack of water, thin vegetation cover, and severe soil erosion. Nyaung U Township has the highest temperature in Myanmar's dry zone regions. With support from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada, the research project was implemented in Myanmar from July 2020 to July 2022. Htee Pu village was also one of the research areas in Myanmar to investigate the potential contributions of CSVs and CSA in enriching local food systems for better nutrition, enhancing livelihoods, increasing household resilience, and enhancing gender equity and inclusion. This brief aims to describe the updated profile of Htee Pu CSV in the Dry Zone, Myanmar, from 2018 to 2022.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Establishing a Climate Smart Village in Southern Shan, Myanmar: The Case of Taungkhamauk Village, Nyaung Shwe Township
(Report, 2022-10-06) Manilay, Alessandro A.; Thant, Phyu Sin; Myae, Chan; Barbon, Wilson John; Gonsalves, Julian Francis
This study analyzed the financial sustainability of a Climate-Smart Village (CSV) established in Taungkhamauk, Nyaung Shwe Township, in the southern Shan State of Myanmar. The Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) options adopted by participating households and evaluated by this study included yield enhancement for upland rice and corn, planting fruit trees in farms and homesteads, and vegetable gardening as well as livestock and poultry raising in homesteads. The Cost and Return Analysis method was used in determining financial sustainability. Results showed that the majority of the households benefited from implementing the CSA options. Furthermore, the study also noted that the CSV promoted social values about economic empowerment, household food security, and gender inclusiveness. Upscaling of the CSV approach in other villages in the Shan State was recommended.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Fruit Tree Based Agro-Forestry Systems: The Case of The Htee Pu Climate-Smart Village, Nyaung-U Township, Central Dry Zone, Myanmar
(Report, 2022-10-06) Manilay, Alessandro A.; Thant, Phyu Sin; Myae, Chan; Barbon, Wilson John; Gonsalves, Julian Francis
Htee Pu is a farming village located in the Central Dry Zone of Myanmar, where drought, high atmospheric temperature, and infertile and degraded soils are constraints to sustaining and increasing agricultural productivity and farm income. Dryland fruit-tree-based agroforestry and the raising of goats were the prominent CSA options introduced to supplement the risk-prone prevalent annual cropping systems. This study was conducted to measure the financial benefits of introducing dryland-appropriate fruit trees (with one group having an additional complementary goat component) to Htee Pu households. The Cost and Return Analysis, Payback Period for Investment Analysis, and Household Liquidity Analysis were the analytical methods that were used in the study. Estimating the Net Value generated from potential fruit harvests showed that planting fruit trees on farms or homesteads can be highly profitable. Adding the financial benefits from fruit trees to the households’ farm and off-farm income resulted in improvements in the liquidity condition of a number of households. While the Cost-Benefit Analysis results were less impressive than the fruit tree project, the longer-term outcomes would improve once all the female goat breeders had reached their reproductive age. Goats would be significant additional sources of income and food for home consumption, thus a relevant CSA option as well.
CCAFS Annual Report 2021: CapDev Indicator (Annex)
(Report, 2022-04-19) Rose, Alison
These two excel sheets evidence the Capacity Development activities supported by CCAFS during 2020 and summarized in the CCAFS 2020 Annual Report.
Gender Outcomes Harvesting in Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security: A meta-analysis
(Report, 2022-03-01) Verzosa, Fatima; Gonsalves, Julian Francis; Barbon, Wilson John; Monville-Oro, Emilita
Within the context of the promotion and adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) options or practices, this paper is a meta-analysis that focuses on gender outcomes resulting from women’s adaptation strategies, in response to constraints brought on by their normative and cultural environment, expectations emanating from their reproductive and productive roles, and gender disparities that contribute to gender inequality and women’s economic disempowerment. The women’s adaptation strategies were examined among climate-smart villages in five countries in Southeast Asia -- Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, Lao PDR, and the Philippines. The gender outcomes were harvested from available gender-related literature and empirical studies under the CCAFS and researches implemented by IIRR on CSA practices, technologies, innovations consisting of a portfolio or a basket of options that address food security, climate change adaptation and mitigation and support services provided in climate-smart villages. Outcome is defined in this study as a change in the behaviour, relationships, actions, activities, policies, or practices of an individual, group, community, organization, or institution. Gender outcome harvesting shifts the focus on the changes that impact on women and men from the use of CSA technologies, practices, and social learning practices. The report presents gender outcomes and insights from 69 reports conducted in these five countries with findings validated by studies done in other CSVs elsewhere, covering a range of women’s concerns that include an analysis of their gender roles are determinants or barriers to empowerment, gendered impacts of climate change, male migration, literacy, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Gender outcomes were also harvested from studies on the adoption not only of CSA practices (including homestead gardens and livestock production), but also of agricultural innovations, labour-saving technologies and seed systems. The report includes gender outcomes that spring from integrating gender approaches into CSA and food systems, examining pathways around gender norms surrounding patriarchy, and assessment of the use of gender transformative approaches, gender guidance and tools used in measuring women’s empowerment. In support of the findings and recommendations, a final section is presented on a future research agenda.
CCAFS and the Healthy and Sustainable Food Systems Network at the Columbia University Climate School
(Report, 2021-12-22) CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security; Columbia University
Throughout 2021, CCAFS partnered with the Healthy and Sustainable Food Systems Network at Columbia University on several events intended to arise ambition around climate and food systems, especially in the run-up to the 2021 UN Food Systems Summit and COP26. The Healthy and Sustainable Food Systems Network is focused on combating the main challenges of agriculture and food systems. One of their main goals is engaging faculty, researchers, and students from across Columbia in order to bring areas like nutrition and health, climate, economics, human behavior, policy, equity and vulnerability together. The work is expected to contribute to the establishment and development of the food-related themes of the Columbia Climate School, as well as support the university’s goal to “bring knowledge and experts to the world and solve real world problems.”
Exploring CGIAR Level Agricultural Results Interoperable System Architecture (CLARISA)
(Report, 2022-03-31) Tobon, Hector; Col, Valentina de; Ramírez, Margarita M.; Bonaiuti, Enrico; Abreu, David
CLARISA (https://clarisa.cgiar.org/) is the CGIAR Level Agricultural Results Interoperable System Architecture, a web service that helps collect and transform raw data of CGIAR research and activities into standardised and aggregated information. CLARISA is pivotal in supporting interoperability by enabling Management Information Systems (MISes) such as MARLO (Managing Agricultural Research for Learning and Outcomes), MEL (Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning), and Centre specific systems (e.g., CIAT-MARLO) to communicate with each other in the language needed for the CGIAR system-level reporting. This allows CGIAR to communicate with external partners in a clear, accountable, and transparent way. CLARISA represents an essential step of business intelligence towards enabling more effective strategic and operational decision-making. It is equipped with features to inform plans of work and budget and to appraise research progress and global goals for development. Additional enhancements and integration between program and knowledge management aspects could lead to enhanced quality and completeness of monitoring and reporting processes and harmonization of reporting standards at the CGIAR system level.
Pathways to Women’s Empowerment in the Promotion of Climate Smart Agriculture in the Philippines, Myanmar, and Cambodia
(Report, 2021-12-22) Verzosa, Fatima; Cabriole, Marie Aislinn; Thant, Phyu Sin; Phen, Bunthoeun; Itliong, Kirstein; Myae, Chan; Thong, Chanphirum; Urdelas, Farah Gaud A.; Naung, Ye Win; Moe, May Zin; Tola, Cheam; Barbon, Wilson John; Monville-Oro, Emilita; Gonsalves, Julian Francis
Climate change is not gender neutral. Women are a vulnerable population within a vulnerable population. Far from an equalizing event, climate change risks and disasters often magnify and aggravate existing inequalities in society, including gender inequality. National governments and the international development community recognized that in order to strengthen and accelerate their goals for agricultural development, economic growth and food security they need to build the contributions that women make and take steps to alleviate barriers to women empowerment. A quantitative-qualitative study has been undertaken to investigate how the promotion of climate smart agriculture is contributing to women empowerment within the climate smart villages (CSVs) in Myanmar, Cambodia and the Philippines. The analysis of survey results (n=121) showed that the majority of the women farmers opt to make decisions jointly with their husbands in activities related to agriculture production. Women’s participation in the decision-making process are related to decisions on what crops or crop varieties to plant. Women are more engaged in the decision making related to small livestock such as goats, pigs and chickens, they have gained more experience and knowledge and are able to provide good suggestions regarding livestock. Increased income is a powerful measure of women’s economic empowerment. Across the six CSVs, there is a significant difference in the perceived increase in incomes. The impact of women’s increased income has been equally positive at both the household and community level, with increased involvement in household and production decision-making and increased and more active participation in community activities. Household borrowing and saving have traditionally been the normative responsibility of women. This finding is supported by focus group discussions (n=113) in the CSVs where women are designated as budget planner and keeper of the household income. The study also indicated that the promotion of homestead gardens and small livestock buffered the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic to the households as these activities provided them with food, enabled them to share or sell vegetables to their neighbors, and reserved food for extended lockdowns.
The future of diets and hunger in South East Asia under climate change and alternative investment scenarios
(Report, 2021-12-22) Cenacchi, Nicola; Dunston, Shahnila; Sulser, Timothy B; Wiebe, Keith D.; Willenbockel, Dirk
Despite enjoying strong economic growth in the last few decades, Southeast Asia still faces challenges to food security, with high levels of stunting across countries in the region. Agricultural production is likely to see large impacts from climate change, including sea-level rise, droughts, and floods. The climate threat compounds pressures onto the food systems coming from the rapid demographic and income trends. Population across the region may grow by 25% between 2010 and 2050, and average income per capita may see a fourfold increase in the same period. In absence of climate impacts, growth in agricultural productivity is estimated to bring about an increase in production of over 50% between 2020 and 2050, with positive effects on the availability of kilocalories, and increased consumption of animal products. However, the projected climate impacts are expected to hit most of the crops in the region, especially cereals. Per capita income in 2050 may be negatively affected compared to a scenario without climate shocks. The resulting decrease in total calories availability translates into an increase in population at risk of hunger across the region and by country. We show that enhanced investments in public international agricultural R&D have the potential to improve yields despite the long-term negative effects of climate shocks, and when combined with increased research efficiency they may even offset climate impacts on food security across the region.
Assessment of the evidence base on adaptation benefits of CSA options across timescales and geographies in West Africa
(Report, 2021-11-01) Mutenje, Munyaradzi Junia
Climate change is causing unpredictable alterations in weather patterns such as high temperatures, rainfall variations and strong winds in west Africa. These changes in climate are contributing to food insecurity, reduced agricultural production and incomes. The impacts on agricultural production vary across countries not only in the intensity but also on how they interact. Understanding the adaptive capacity (AC) of smallholder farmers is crucial to planning effective agriculture adaptation and building resilient farming systems. Using data from Ghana, Mali, Niger, and Senegal over the last 10 years, this study aimed to understand the AR4D Climate-Smart Village approach’s contribution to intentional/ planned climate change adaptation by farm households. The study also examined the impact of Climate-Smart Agricultural (CSA) practices’ implementation and access to climate information service on household food security and adaptive capacity. Based on the mixed method the findings indicated that more than fifty percent of the smallholder farmers in West Africa had observed an increasing trend of multiple climate hazards, with strong winds, droughts, high temperature and irregular rains occurring simultaneously and more frequently. Farmers’ coping strategies varied depending on the climate hazard experienced. Households used a combination of financial, consumption and livelihood strategies. While asset selling and borrowing were important for decreased rains and irregular rains. Livelihood diversity is an important coping strategy for climate risk induced agricultural production and income reduction. The findings also indicated that credit access is an important ex-ante and ex-post coping strategy for enhancing smallholder households’ absorptive capacity. The findings highlighted that the CSA practices implemented varied by nature and degree of the climatic hazards in the four countries. Crop rotation, improved crop varieties, organic fertiliser and tied ridges were the CSA practices commonly implemented in Ghana by more than 75% of the farmers in the communities directly benefiting from the project. It was further revealed that 23% and 38% of the Mali farmers from the direct beneficiaries implemented improved crop varieties and micro-dosing of fertiliser respectively. Farmer managed natural regeneration (FMNR), organic fertiliser, Cassia Toro growing, and intercropping were the CSA strategies implemented by more than 50% of the households in the communities directly benefiting from the project in Niger. In ii Senegal, FMNR and improved crop varieties were the CSA strategies implemented by more than 25% of the households in the communities directly benefiting from the project. Overall, smallholder households in Ghana, Mali and Niger implemented a combination of soil water conservation strategies, wind breaks, soil fertility and productivity improvement strategies to deal with the multiple hazards. The findings showed that Senegal and Mali had higher proportion of households 50% and 41% respectively with low adaptive capacity. Disparities in adaptive capacity index were explained by access to credit and climate information services, combination of CSA implemented, and land size allocated to the CSA practices. Collectively, the ordinary least square results emphasised that access to climate information and land, implementation of CSA practices that improves adaptive capacity of farmers, the increased number of community-based organisation that promote CSA and education of the household head are central factors for enhancing household food security in West Africa. The finding also highlighted the importance of improving adaptive capacity of farmers through increased access to land, climate information for informed CSA strategies prioritisation and credit for agricultural activities among other factors as a viable option to build resilient smallholder farming systems in West Africa.
Partnerships for scaling Gender and Nutrition Sensitive Climate-Smart Agriculture: Science for Impact 2015-2021
(Report, 2021-12-22) World Agroforestry Centre
P4S is a cross-institution program led by World Agroforestry (ICRAF) and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) in collaboration with other CGIAR centers, development, government and private sector partners. P4S supports scaling up and out of CSA by working in close collaboration with partners to generate credible, relevant and legitimate evidence.
Are climate- and peace and security-related policies coherent? A policy coherence analysis for climate security
(Report, 2022-01-20) Schapendonk, Frans; Madurga Lopez, Ignacio M.; Savelli, Adam; Sarzana, Carolina
The impacts of climate change and variability will likely be experienced in different and uneven ways depending on the different extents to which societies – and the communities within them – are exposed, vulnerable, or possess the adaptive capacity to mitigate said impacts. Certain countries, such as those located near the equator or the poles, are exposed to a rapidly changing climate to a greater degree than other countries. Furthermore, countries whose economies are highly dependent on climate-sensitive resources and sectors and that face challenges in diversifying their economic base are inherently more vulnerable to climate-induced perturbations (Feitelson & Tubi, 2017). These forms of exposure can be compounded by persistent or periodically high levels of fragility – defined by the World Bank (2011) as periods when states or institutions lack the capacity, accountability, or legitimacy to mediate relations between citizen groups and between citizens and the state – which can in turn undermine the extent to which societies as a whole and certain groups within them possess the adaptive capacity to manage, absorb or mitigate climate risks. Communities that are highly dependent on climate-vulnerable livelihoods and sectors, face socio-economic and political marginalisation (therefore possessing little scope or capacity for diversification), or that are located in unstable and conflict-prone environments are far more likely to experience tangibly destabilising climatic impacts than others. As a consequence of the uneven landscape upon which climate impacts play out, climate change is therefore likely to set in motion or accelerate any number of different existing processes of change simultaneously - yet in qualitatively different ways.   
Climate Security in the MENA Region
(Report, 2022-01-20) Läderach, Peter R.D.; Merrey, Douglas J.; Schapendonk, Frans; Dhehibi, Boubaker; Ruckstuhl, Sandra; Mapedza, Everisto D.; Najjar, Dina; Dessalegn, Bezaiet; Amarnath, Giriraj; Vinay, Nangia; Al-Zu'bi, Maha; Biradar, Chandrashekhar M.; Pacillo, Grazia; Govind, Ajit; Hakhu, Arunima; Yigezu, Yigezu Atnafe; Dutta Gupta, Tanaya; Madurga Lopez, Ignacio M.; Lahham, Nisreen; Cosgrove, Bethany Emma; Joshi, Deepa; Grosjean, Godefroy; Hugh, Brigitte; Elmahdi, Amgad; Frija, Aymen; Udalagama, Upandha; Nicol, Alan
The evidence on conflicts around the world since the turn of the century points to a simple conclusion: conflicts, grievances and insecurities are increasingly being affected by changing climates, environmental degradation, food insecurity, and the struggle to control a finite pool of natural resources. This paper aims to understand the linkages between climate, conflict, agriculture, and migration in the Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA) region and offer a road map for the region while emphasizing the role of research and development. We do this by first clarifying what climate security means and how it links to risk and resilience (Introduction). We then present causal impact pathways to describe how climate exacerbates drivers of conflict and insecurity (Section 2). This is followed by an overview of indicators summarizing the state of climate security in MENA and a discussion of the limitations of such indicators (Section 3). We also identify climate security and climate peace hotspots in the region using spatial analysis (Section 4). We then present existing research for development efforts and discuss their potential to contribute to climate security by mitigating its drivers with a specific focus on gender inequality (Section 5). We offer entry points for improving climate security using sustainable finance (Section 6). This is followed by a series of case studies (Section 7 to 11) and finally Section 12 concludes by emphasizing the key findings of the paper.
The Climate Security Inequality Nexus: A critical analysis of pathways and synergies
(Report, 2021-11) Dutta Gupta, Tanaya; Schapendonk, Frans; Suza, Ma; Phuong Le, Dung; Läderach, Peter R.D.; Pacillo, Grazia
Inequality is a key component of any crisis, whether it is related to climate, conflict, or a global pandemic, as it can reveal why some people and regions are disproportionately impacted over others. While interaction of climate impacts with structural inequalities can exacerbate already existing risks of insecurity and fragility, it can also leave room for institutions and interventions to address unequal power relations between actors and find paths for social cohesion and peace. Focusing on the central role of inequality as a driver, an outcome, and an intermediary variable in the climate-security-inequality nexus, this paper attempts to connect dots that have remained relatively underexamined in existing discourse. Bringing multi-disciplinary literature on inequality-conflict and inequality-climate linkages in conversation, the paper seeks to unpack interrelated pathways through which inequality-related resource, livelihood and food insecurities can translate to conflict risks. Using the case of how and to what extent CGIAR publications on land, water, and food systems have engaged with this nexus, it further aims to highlight advances and gaps in synergistic understanding of relationships between climate-fragility risks, resilience, and peace. The paper relies on the following methods: 1) a review of academic and grey literature, and 2) co-occurrence analysis of keywords extracted from a corpus of 14,675 publications from CGIAR’s Global Agricultural Research Data Innovation Acceleration Network (GARDIAN). Key findings emerging from the review and co-occurrence analysis support that while inequality has typically been studied in relation to either climate or conflict, there is greater scope for examining context-specific mechanisms through which inequalities at the intersection of gender, age, ethnicity, income, tenure, region, and more, may shape and be shaped by climate related security risks. Therefore, any effort to enhance resilience of climate vulnerable communities and build peace must also involve seeing and acting through the lens of inequality.
The Gender-Climate-Security Nexus: Conceptual Framework, CGIAR Portfolio Review, and Recommendations towards an Agenda for One CGIAR
(Report, 2022-03) Caroli, Giulia; Tavenner, Katie; Huyer, Sophia; Sarzana, Carolina; Belli, Anna; Elias, Marlène; Pacillo, Grazia; Läderach, Peter R.D.
This position paper provides a conceptual framework for the gender-climate-security-nexus, a CGIAR portfolio review of work related to the nexus, and recommendations towards an agenda for One CGIAR in addressing the nexus. We anticipate the paper will help inform the One CGIAR and its stakeholders towards an understanding of the connections between gender, climate, and security through case study examples of the gender dimensions of climate-related security risks, a review of the CGIAR work to date on the gender-climate-security nexus and how this work can be used to promote gender transformative goals in climate security research, policy, and programming, as well as recommendations for One CGIAR on what actions should be taken to inform future research and policy in addressing gendered climate impacts and associated threats to human security.
The Climate Security-Mobility Nexus: Impact Pathways and Research Priorities
(Report, 2022-05) Savelli, Adam; Schapendonk, Frans; Sarzana, Carolina; Dutta Gupta, Tanaya; Caroli, Giulia; Duffy, Mairead; Brauw, Alan de; Thornton, Philip K.; Pacillo, Grazia; Läderach, Peter R.D.
What are the interlinkages between climate change and variability, human mobility, and security? Where are the entry points for policies and programs that prevent climate-related mobility from causing conflict? What data gaps exist, and how can future research methodologies be designed to address them? Through a literature review of quantitative and qualitative literature on the climate-mobility-security nexus as well as an inward-facing portfolio review of CGIAR publications concerning the topic, this paper seeks to answer those questions and make recommendations to guide future research, policy priorities, and programming.

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