CRP Livestock Tunisia

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/81267

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    Modélisation des impacts environnementaux de la chaîne de valeur du lait en Tunisie : rapport de la phase de démarrage
    (Report, 2020-12) Hoek, Rein van der; Paul, Birthe K.; Marouani, Wahid; Werghi, Imed; Gloy, Nele
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    Community-based rangeland management in Tataouine, south-east Tunisia: Institutional settings to revive traditional land restoration “Gdel”
    (Report, 2020-10-30) Sghaier, M.; Fetoui, M.; Frija, Aymen; Salem, F.B.; Ayadi, N.; Robinson, Lance W.
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    Gender and climate change adaptation in livestock production in Tunisia
    (Poster, 2020-06-08) Najjar, Dina; Frija, Aymen
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    Effects of rest duration and rainfall variability on vegetation dynamics in arid rangeland of Tunisia
    (Poster, 2020-06-08) Louhaichi, Mounir; Gamoun, M.; Belgacem, A.O.
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    It is time to update rangeland restoration procedures to promote sustainable land management in Tunisia
    (Poster, 2020-06-08) Louhaichi, Mounir; Gamoun, M.; Belgacem, A.O.
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    Research investments in institutional innovations: The case of rangeland governance in Tunisia―Ongoing rangeland research and outcomes of IFAD-ICARDA-NARS.
    (Presentation, 2020-07) Frija, Aymen; Sghaier, Mongi; Sghaier, Mariem; Fetoui, Mondher; Dhehibi, Boubaker
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    Research investments in institutional innovations: The case of rangeland governance in Tunisia―Background on IFAD-CGIAR-NARS collaboration in South Tunisia
    (Presentation, 2020-07) Frija, Aymen; Sghaier, Mongi; Sghaier, Mariem; Fetoui, Mondher; Dhehibi, Boubaker
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    Detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in semen of rams used for natural mating in commercial sheep farms in Tunisia
    (Journal Article, 2019-12) Rouatbi, M.; Amairia, S.; Lahmer, M.; Lassoued, N.; Rekik, Mourad; Wieland, Barbara; Mwacharo, Joram M.; Gharbi, M.
    Toxoplasmosis, a parasitic infection, disrupts sexual functions resulting in decline in reproductive and economic performance in sheep. Lacking discernible symptoms, toxoplasmosis is difficult to detect and diagnose in infected animals. Here, to estimate the prevalence of natural infection by Toxoplasma gondii, we used PCR to amplify and detect T. gondii DNA in semen from 92 rams of three breeds from four regions in Tunisia and seroprevalence was determined using a commercial ELISA kit. From the PCR amplifications, 51.09 ± 10.21% of the rams were tested positive for T. gondii with an overall seroprevalence of 39.13 ± 9.97%. Risk factors including ram location and number of accomplished mating seasons significantly (p < .05) affected the sero- and molecular prevalence of T. gondii in semen but, there was a fair concordance between sero- and molecular prevalence (Kappa = 0.33). Sequences of T. gondii from five positive samples were 100% identical (same haplotype). Comparison of these sequences with those archived at the GenBank showed a sequence similarity range between 95 and 100%. The haplotype defining the five Tunisian sequences was similar to the one observed in chicken, cats, European pole cat and humans from Brazil, St Kitts and Nevis, Great Britain and Tunisia, respectively. This indicates its wide geographic distribution and non-species specificity. Our findings suggest a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Tunisian matting rams; further studies concerning its venereal transmission capacity are needed prior to recommending a systematic screening of T. gondii DNA in rams' semen used for both natural breeding and artificial insemination.
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    FecXBar a Novel BMP15 mutation responsible for prolificacy and female sterility in Tunisian Barbarine Sheep
    (Journal Article, 2017-12) Lassoued, Narjess; Ben Khlil, Zohra; Woloszyn, Florent; Rejeb, Ahmed; Rekik, Mourad; Fabre, Stephane
    Naturally occurring mutations in growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) or bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) genes are associated with increased ovulation rate (OR) and litter size (LS) but also sterility. Observing the Tunisian Barbarine ewes of the "W" flock selected for improved prolificacy, we found prolific and infertile ewes with streaky ovaries. Blood genomic DNA was extracted from a subset of low-ovulating, prolific and infertile ewes of the "W" flock, and the entire coding sequences of GDF9 and BMP15 were sequenced. We evidenced a novel polymorphism in the exon 1 of the BMP15 gene associated with increased prolificacy and sterility. This novel mutation called FecX Bar is a composite polymorphism associating a single nucleotide substitution (c.301G > T), a 3 bp deletion (c.302_304delCTA) and a C insertion (c.310insC) in the ovine BMP15 cDNA leading to a frame shift at protein position 101. Calculated in the "W" flock, the FecX Bar allele increased OR by 0.7 ova and LS by 0.3 lambs (p = 0.08). As for already identified mutations, homozygous females carrying FecX Bar exhibited streaky ovaries with a blockade at the primary stage of folliculogenesis as shown by histochemistry. Our investigation demonstrates a new mutation in the BMP15 gene providing a valuable genetic tool to control fecundity in Tunisian Barbarine, usable for diffusion program into conventional flocks looking for prolificacy improvement.
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    Valeur economique de l’eau et flux d’eau virtuelle des principales cultures strategiques en Tunisie
    (Conference Paper, 2018-11-15) Souissi, Asma; Mtimet, Nadhem; Thabet, Chokri; Chebil, Ali
    L’eau virtuelle fait référence à l’eau douce utilisée durant toutes les étapes de production des biens échangés à l’échelle internationale (Allan, 1993). La teneur en eau virtuelle comprend trois composantes : l’eau virtuelle bleue qui renferme l’eau d’irrigation et l’eau utilisée durant la transformation d’un produit, l’eau verte incluant l’eau de pluie et l’eau emmagasinée dans le sol et finalement l’eau grise qui représente le volume d’eau nécessaire pour diluer tous les polluants introduits durant le processus de production. Plusieurs recherches considèrent que les échanges d’eau virtuelle présentent une solution potentielle à la mauvaise allocation des ressources en eau qui représente un problème commun dans plusieurs pays confrontés à des risques de pénurie d’eau, tel est le cas de la Tunisie. En effet, plusieurs recherches ont souligné le fait que l’optimisation des systèmes de culture et de la répartition géographique de la production en s’appuyant sur le concept d’eau virtuelle peut diminuer considérablement la pression sur l’eau d’irrigation et entraîne, par conséquent, un meilleur niveau de sécurité hydrique et alimentaire. L’objectif de ce travail, est de voir dans quelles mesures les instruments de protection peuvent-ils prendre en compte la composante gestion de la ressource eau et contribuer à travers les politiques commerciales et les flux d’eau virtuelle à une meilleure conservation, usage et allocation des ressources en eau ? Pour cela, on procède d’une part, à l’évaluation de la valeur économique de l’eau à travers des indicateurs tels que la productivité économique apparente de l’eau totale utilisée (définie comme étant le rapport entre le prix local du produit (TND/kg) et l’évapotranspiration réelle en (m3/kg)) et la valeur de l’eau d’irrigation (IWV) pour chacune des cultures sélectionnées. La IWV est estimée comme la valeur nette de la production par hectare de culture en système irrigué moins la valeur nette de la production en système pluvial divisée par le volume d'eau appliqué (m3). La valeur nette de la production est la valeur de la production moins les coûts de tous les intrants sauf l'eau. D’autre part, on se propose d’estimer les teneurs et les flux d’eau virtuelle des principaux produits agricoles et agroalimentaires produits, exportés et importés par la Tunisie.
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    Phenotyping indigenous Tunisian sheep breeds for gastro-intestinal parasite resistance with a special reference to Haemonchus contortus
    (Report, 2017) Rouatbi, M.; Gharbi, M.; Mhadhbi, M.; Limam, S.; Haile, Aynalem; Mwacharo, Joram M.; Rischkowsky, Barbara A.; Rekik, Mourad
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    Molecular detection and phylogenetic analyses of Toxoplasma gondii from naturally infected sheep in Northern and Central Tunisia
    (Journal Article, 2017-02) Rouatbi, M.; Amdouni, Y.; Amairia, S.; Rjeibi, M.R.; Sammoudi, S.; Rekik, Mourad; Gharbi, M.
    Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the parasitic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. It can infect all warm-blooded vertebrate species and causes abortions and birth defects in pregnant women and pregnant ewes. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of infection with T. gondii in sheep meat in the region of Sidi Bouzid (central Tunisia) and Beja (northern Tunisia), the realization of a descriptive study of risk factors and the phylogenetic analyses of T. gondii. Neck muscle samples were obtained from 174 ewes and ewe lamb slaughtered in Sidi Bouzid and 150 lambs slaughtered in Beja. DNA was extracted from the samples using the Wizard® genomic DNA purification kit. A nested PCR using two pairs of primers (NN 1 and NN2, Tg-NP1 and Tg-NP2) were used to detect infection with T. gondii, which was then confirmed by sequencing. Eight T. gondii amplicons were sequenced (accession number KT896498) and deposited in GenBank. The T. gondii amplicons showed 97–100% identities with GenBank sequences. A phylogenetic tree was then constructed. The nested PCR detected T. gondii DNA in 31% of animals tested in Sidi Bouzid and 32% of lambs tested in Beja. No significant difference in the prevalence of T. gondii infection was established between the two tested regions. In both regions, no significant variation of the infection depending on age, breed and locality was found.
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    Population genetic analysis of Ixodes tick species and Toxoplasma gondii in Tunisia and their relationships to global populations
    (Report, 2017) Elati, K.; Rouatbi, M.; Gharbi, M.; Mwacharo, Joram M.; Rekik, Mourad