Chicken Health for Development: Reducing the impact of infectious diseases on village poultry production in Ethiopia
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Item Detection of infectious bronchitis virus 793B, avian metapneumovirus, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in poultry in Ethiopia(Journal Article, 2017-02) Hutton, S.; Bettridge, Judy M.; Christley, Robert M.; Habte, T.; Ganapathy, K.A survey was conducted into respiratory infectious diseases of poultry on a chicken breeder farm run by the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), located in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 117 randomly selected birds, and blood was taken from a subset of 73 of these birds. A combination of serological and molecular methods was used for detection of pathogens. For the first time in Ethiopia, we report the detection of variant infectious bronchitis virus (793B genotype), avian metapneumovirus subtype B and Mycoplasma synoviae in poultry. Mycoplasma gallisepticum was also found to be present; however, infectious laryngotracheitis virus was not detected by PCR. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was not detected by PCR, but variable levels of anti-NDV HI antibody titres shows possible exposure to virulent strains or poor vaccine take, or both. For the burgeoning-intensive industry in Ethiopia, this study highlights several circulating infectious respiratory pathogens that can impact on poultry welfare and productivity.Item Guide to chicken health and management in Ethiopia: For farmers and development agents(Manual, 2017-07-30) Habte, T.; Amare, A.; Bettridge, Judy M.; Collins, M.; Christley, Robert M.; Wigley, PaulItem Phenotypic diversity of two Ethiopian village chicken ecotypes(Poster, 2012-01-04) Taye, T.; Dessie, Tadelle; Lynch, Stacey E.; Wigley, Paul; Kaiser, P.; Christley, Robert M.; Hanotte, Olivier H.Item Infectious bursal disease in Ethiopian village chickens(Poster, 2013) Bettridge, Judy M.; Lynch, Stacey E.; Brena, C.; Melese, K.; Dessie, Tadelle; Gutu, Z.; Taye, T.; Hanotte, Olivier H.; Kaiser, P.; Wigley, Paul; Christley, Robert M.Item Respiratory pathogens in an intensive poultry farm in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia(Poster, 2013-03-20) Hutton, S.; Bettridge, Judy M.; Habte, T.; Christley, Robert M.; Sambo, E.; Ganapathy, K.Item Differential white blood cell counts and survival in Ethiopian village chickens(Poster, 2013-03-20) Arrowsmith, B.; Bettridge, Judy M.; Kaiser, P.; Collins, M.; Melese, K.; Christley, Robert M.Item Genetic history of Horro and Jarso chickens(Poster, 2013-03-20) Taye, T.; Wragg, D.; Tessiot, F.; Raman, L.A.; Bettridge, Judy M.; Lynch, Stacey E.; Melese, K.; Collins, M.; Dessie, Tadelle; Gutu, Z.; Psifidis, A.; Wigley, Paul; Kaiser, P.; Christley, Robert M.; Mwacharo, Joram M.; Hanotte, Olivier H.Item Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Eimeria species in Ethiopian village chickens(Poster, 2013-03-20) Luu, L.; Bettridge, Judy M.; Christley, Robert M.; Melese, K.; Blake, D.J.H.; Dessie, Tadelle; Kaiser, P.; Taye, T.; Hanotte, Olivier H.; Gutu, Z.; Collins, M.; Lynch, Stacey E.Item Identification of SNP markers for resistance to Salmonella and IBDV in indigenous Ethiopian chickens(Poster, 2013-03-20) Psifidi, G.; Matika, B.O.; Dessie, Tadelle; Christley, Robert M.; Kaiser, P.; Bettridge, Judy M.; Hanotte, Olivier H.; Taye, T.Item Infection-interactions in Ethiopian village chickens(Journal Article, 2014-11) Bettridge, Judy M.; Lynch, Stacey E.; Brena, M.C.; Melese, K.; Dessie, Tadelle; Terfa, Z.G.; Desta, T.T.; Rushton, S.; Hanotte, Olivier H.; Kaiser, P.; Wigley, Paul; Christley, Robert M.Chickens raised under village production systems are exposed to a wide variety of pathogens, and current or previous infections may affect their susceptibility to further infections with another parasite, and/or can alter the manifestation of each infection. It is possible that co-infections may be as important as environmental risk factors. However, in cross-sectional studies, where the timing of infection is unknown, apparent associations between infections may be observed due to parasites sharing common risk factors. This study measured antibody titres to 3 viral (Newcastle disease, Marek's disease and infectious bursal disease) and 2 bacterial (Pasteurella multocida and Salmonella) diseases, and the infection prevalence of 3 families of endo- and ecto-parasites (Ascaridida, Eimeria and lice) in 1056 village chickens from two geographically distinct populations in Ethiopia. Samples were collected during 4 cross-sectional surveys, each approximately 6 months apart. Constrained ordination, a technique for analysis of ecological community data, was used to explore this complex dataset and enabled potential relationships to be uncovered and tested despite the different measurements used for the different parasites. It was found that only a small proportion of variation in the data could be explained by the risk factors measured. Very few birds (9/1280) were found to be seropositive to Newcastle disease. Positive relationships were identified between Pasteurella and Salmonella titres; and between Marek's disease and parasitic infections, and these two groups of diseases were correlated with females and males, respectively. This may suggest differences in the way that the immune systems of male and female chickens interact with these parasites. In conclusion, we find that a number of infectious pathogens and their interactions are likely to impact village chicken health and production. Control of these infections is likely to be of importance in future development planning.Item Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Eimeria species in Ethiopian village chickens(Journal Article, 2013-10-15) Luu, L.; Bettridge, Judy M.; Christley, Robert M.; Melese, K.; Blake, D.J.H.; Dessie, Tadelle; Wigley, Paul; Desta, T.T.; Hanotte, Olivier H.; Kaiser, P.; Gutu, Z.; Collins, M.; Lynch, Stacey E.Item Signature of artificial selection and ecological landscape on morphological structures of Ethiopian village chickens(Journal Article, 2013-06) Desta, T.T.; Dessie, Tadelle; Bettridge, Judy M.; Lynch, Stacey E.; Melese, K.; Collins, M.; Christley, Robert M.; Wigley, Paul; Kaiser, P.; Gutu, Z.; Mwacharo, Joram M.; Hanotte, Olivier H.Item Genetic characterization of infectious bursal disease virus isolates in Ethiopia(Journal Article, 2014-02) Jenberie, S.; Lynch, Stacey E.; Kebede, F.; Christley, Robert M.; Gelaye, E.; Negussie, H.; Asmare, K.; Ayelet, G.The objective of the investigation was to characterize infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDV) circulating in commercial and breeding poultry farms in Ethiopia between 2009 and 2011. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence for VP2 hypervariable region of ten IBDVs were determined by RT-PCR, sequenced and compared to well characterised IBDV isolates worldwide. IBDV genetic material was amplified directly from bursa or cell passaged material. Phylogenetically, Ethiopian IBDVs represented two genetic lineages: very virulent (vv) IBDVs or variants of the classical attenuated vaccine strain (D78). The nucleotide identity between Ethiopian vvIBDVs ranged between 0% to 2.6%. Ethiopian vvIBDVs are clustered phylogenetically with the African IBDV genetic lineage, independent of the Asian/European lineage. This report demonstrates the circulation of vvIBDV in commercial and breeding poultry farms in Ethiopia.Item Genetic disconnectedness in indigenous village chickens(Poster, 2012-12-21) Taye, T.; Wragg, D.; Mwacharo, Joram M.; Hanotte, Olivier H.Item The epidemiology and ecology of infectious diseases of village chickens in Ethiopia and the role of co-infection in infection risk(Poster, 2011-11-09) Bettridge, Judy M.; Lynch, Stacey E.; Kaiser, P.; Christley, Robert M.; Hanotte, Olivier H.; Gutu, Z.; Taye, T.; Amare, A.; Garikipati, S.; Malese, K.; Dessie, TadelleItem Reducing the impact of infectious disease on poultry production in Ethiopia(Presentation, 2011-01-18) Christley, Robert M.Item Poultry production in Ethiopia: An overview(Presentation, 2011-01-18) Dessie, TadelleItem Reducing the impact of infectious disease on village poultry production in Ethiopia(Poster, 2010-04-14) Christley, Robert M.; Dana, N.; Kaiser, P.; Hanotte, H.; Tadelle, D.