CIMMYT Reports
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Item 2024 Breakthrough Agenda Report: Agriculture(Report, 2024) Mukherji, Aditi; Marshall, Suzie; Arango, Jacobo; Costa, Ciniro; Flintan, Fiona E.; Hebebrand, Charlotte; Kihara, Job Maguta; Masso, Cargele; Molloy, Patrick; Rusinamhodzi, Leonard; Sapkota, Tek Bahadur; Vanlauwe, BernardItem Agriculture(Book Chapter, 2023) Mukherji, Aditi; Arndt, Claudia; Arango, Jacobo; Flintan, Fiona E.; Derera, John; Francesconi, Wendy; Jones, Sarah K.; Loboguerrero Rodriguez, Ana María; Merrey, Douglas J.; Mockshell, Jonathan Yaw; Quintero, Marcela; Mulat, Daniel Girma; Ringler, Claudia; Ronchi, Loraine; Sanchez, Manuel Ernesto Narjes; Sapkota, Tek Bahadur; Thilsted, Shakuntala H.The Breakthrough Agenda was launched by 45 world leaders at COP 26 and is a commitment to work together this decade to accelerate innovation and deployment of clean technologies, making them accessible and affordable for all this decade. To kick-start this Agenda, countries endorsed Breakthrough goals to make clean technologies and sustainable practices more affordable, accessible and attractive than their alternatives by 2030 in the power, road transport, steel, hydrogen and agriculture sectors. This report also covers the buildings and cement sectors, where new breakthroughs are being considered. The Breakthrough Agenda establishes an annual cycle to track developments towards these goals, identify where further co-ordinated international action is urgently needed to accelerate progress and then galvanise public and private international action behind these specific priorities in order to make these transitions quicker, cheaper and easier for all. The 2023 Report includes a chapter written by CGIAR scientists.Item Gestión de actores y co-diseño de data hub Gt / intercambio de experiencias exitosas hubs-MTA Mx Guatemala / México(Report, 2023-11) FUTOP; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center; International Center for Tropical AgricultureEn este documento se presentan e integran las herramientas y actividades que se llevaron a cabo para la reflexión y conocimiento de los actores en cada una de las localidades involucradas: Guatemala y los Estados de México: EdoMx, Puebla y Chiapas. Todos estos procesos apoyan y generan información como base para los proyectos, que a mediano y largo plazo tendrán impacto en sendos países: Vinculación para lograr el uso compartido de datos (Data Hub) en Guatemala y Mesas Técnicas Agroclimáticas (MTA) en México, respectivamente.Item Agroecological Living Landscapes: A Context Assessment in Mbire, Zimbabwe(Report, 2023) Chimonyo, Vimbayi G. P.; Sibanda, Telma; Choruma, Dennis J.; Falconnier, Gatien N.; Baudron, FrédéricThis report contributes to Output 2.1. Baseline – current conditions of agricultural systems of smallholder farmers in each Agroecological Living Landscape (ALL) and provides context to their current state. Therefore, the document is a Context Assessment report developed and maintained to ensure a thorough understanding of the operational context and the stakeholders and communities. This document is a living document and will continuously evolve. For Zimbabwe, the ALLs are at the district level, with two sub-ALLs at the ward level. The current Context Assessment has been reported for Mbire, which is at the district level and, where information is available, the wards where the nuclei ALLs have been established were given. We used gray literature from published articles, reports, and web pages as the main source of information. This information was validated with data collected during focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews (KIIs), and meetings. The key findings show that Mbire comprises mainly family farmers characterized as resource-poor. The community is largely patriarchal, with chiefs and herdmen managing natural resources. The main production constraints include, but are not limited to, weather risks (drought and floods), low access to improved technologies, low market access, and human-wildlife conflict. Sorghum, sesame, and cotton are the main field crops produced, while farmers keep goats, cattle, pigs, and poultry. Horticultural crops are also produced along riverbanks. The main environmental hazards are soil erosion, gullies, and deforestation. The communities in Mbire have good access to diverse foods across the different food groups, most of which are sourced from the natural forests that surround the communities. However, food availability is greater from March to August and the peak lean period is experienced from September to December. Findings from KIIs and FGDs across Mbire District revealed several farmer groups and committees. Farmer groups are small and formed on their own initiative or through development agencies with specific objectives, such as strengthening food security and improving the household income of group members. Many of the groups formed are not concerned about diversity but rather contributing to the group cause.Item Agricultural practices for mechanical weed control with small-scale maize farmers and willingness to pay a hire service: technical report(Report, 2023) López Gómez, Jesús Antonio; Loon, Jelle J. vanExploring the use of innovative tools that facilitate the execution of tasks is a fundamental step towards mechanization, however, it is also important to know the acceptance level of these solutions by potential users. Additionally, the business models generation must be accompanied by the assessment of current needs based on the typology of producers, the agroecological conditions and the agricultural infrastructure of the region. For this reason, in this study the level of acceptance and the farmer’s willingness to pay to a service provider for the use of different tools compared to conventional tools in different areas of the states of Oaxaca, Chiapas, Campeche and Yucatán were determined. A total of 106 surveys were carried out, with 25% women participation and an average age of 45 years. The average plot size of the interviewed producers was 2 ha with yields around 2 ton/ha. The results show that in these regions there is a lack of adequate technology for weed control, with manual methods (machete, hoe, etc.) or a combination of these with the application of chemical products being the most used. In general, the farmer’s willingness to pay to a service provider varies from 150 – 600 pesos per workday and the highest level of acceptance for these services was reported in the state of Campeche.Item International Training Workshop on Quantitative Systems Analysis for the Sustainable Intensification of Mixed Farming Systems(Report, 2023-02-17) López Ridaura, Santiago; Shrestha, NirmanItem Climate change risks to the cattle value chain in Ethiopia: Findings, implications and adaptation options(Report, 2023) Gardi, Mekides W.; Ademe, Dereje; Blasch, Gerald; Ndour, Adama; Mekuriaw, Abate; Worku, Mulugeta; Fantaye, Kindie TesfayeItem Climate change risks to the coffee value chain in Ethiopia: Findings, implications and adaptation options(Report, 2023) Ndour, Adama; Blasch, Gerald; Ademe, Dereje; Gardi, Mekides W.; Mekuriaw, Abate; Worku, Mulugeta; Fantaye, Kindie TesfayeItem Climate change risks to the maize value chain in Ethiopia: Findings, implications and adaptation options(Report, 2023) Ademe, Dereje; Blasch, Gerald; Woldegiorgis, Mekides; Ndour, Adama; Mekuriaw, Abate; Worku, Mulugeta; Fantaye, Kindie TesfayeItem Climate change risks to the wheat value chain in Ethiopia: Findings, implications and adaptation options(Report, 2023) Mekuriaw, Abate; Blasch, Gerald; Ademe, Dereje; Ndour, Dereje; Gardi, Mekides W.; Worku, Mulugeta; Fantaye, Kindie TesfayeItem Climate change risks to the soybean value chain in Ethiopia: Findings, implications and adaptation options(Report, 2023) Ademe, Dereje; Blasch, Gerald; Ndour, Adama; Gardi, Mekides W.; Mekuriaw, Abate; Worku, Mulugeta; Fantaye, Kindie TesfayeItem Current state of agricultural mechanization in Honduras for the production of basic grains : technical report(Report, 2023) International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center; Escuela Agrícola PanamericanaThis report is part of a collaboration between the Zamorano University (Honduras) and CIMMYT for the mechanization work related with Advances Research Institute (ARIs). The objective of this collaboration is to characterize the current state of agricultural mechanization in Honduras for the production of basic grains (maize, beans, sorghum) and to identify the challenges faced by producers in accessing and adopting mechanized technologies in the region. For this, a directory of actors that distribute, manufacture, or refurbish agricultural machinery was compiled. Four workshops with focus groups and surveys were conducted to determine producers' perceptions of mechanization and determine how mechanization facilitates production and to identify local bottlenecks to mechanize. This information will provide the basis for a review article on the status of mechanization in the region, to be finalized next year. This technical report includes a first draft of literature review for the article, a report on the four workshops that includes the main findings and preliminary results of the mechanization, and a directory of actors.Item Does residue cover lead to greater frost damage in barley under conservation agriculture?(Report, 2023) Fonteyne, Simon; Rojas Cruz, Juan Manuel; Espinosa Solorio, Avelino; Honsdorf, Nora; Saldivia Tejeda, Abel; Guera, Ouorou Ganni Mariel; Verhulst, NeleFarmers reported increased frost damage in barley (Hordeum vulgare) sown in conservation agriculture in the Mexican Bajío region during the autumn-winter season. To determine whether this effect is real and whether it reduced crop yield under conservation agriculture, we performed two field experiments and gathered observational data from other experiments and farmers’ fields. Although more frost damage can sometimes indeed be observed in wheat and barley sown in permanent beds with stubble cover, the data indicate that the plants recover from this damage and that it does not affect yield. Frost damage should not be considered an impediment to adoption of conservation agriculture in the crops grown in the autumn-winter season in the Mexican Bajío.Item Avances en agricultura sustentable : resultados de plataformas de investigación de los Hubs Valles Altos y Pacífico Centro, México, 2012-2021(Report, 2023) González Regalado, Jessica; Fonteyne, Simon; Verhulst, NeleEl maíz junto con el trigo y el arroz son los cereales más producidos en el mundo y contribuyen especialmente a la autosuficiencia alimentaria de las familias (FAO, 2022). Los Hubs Valles Altos y Pacífico Centro son regiones conformadas por el Estado de México, Hidalgo, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Morelos y Guerrero en el centro sur y oriente de la República Mexicana, estas regiones son de importancia por la domesticación y diversificación del maíz debido a la presencia de sus parientes silvestres y a la adaptación y selección ciclo tras ciclo por los agricultores a las condiciones agroecológicas de estas regiones; desde los climas templados a semi fríos en los Valles Altos hasta los tropicales y subtropicales en Pacífico Centro. Por lo tanto, preservar la riqueza genética de este cultivo y fortalecer los sistemas de producción es de vital importancia.Item Research platforms within CIMMYT’s innovation hubs and the Latin American Agronomic Research Network (RedAgAL)(Report, 2023) Fonteyne, Simon; Odjo, Sylvanus; Verhulst, NeleItem Design and evaluation of a maize mini-combine harvester for smallholder farmers : technical report(Report, 2023) López Gómez, Jesús Antonio; Loon, Jelle J. vanHarvesting in maize production is one of the activities that requires the greatest investment of time and physical effort for those who perform it manually. The existence of specialized machinery for this particular activity is focused on the medium and high production sector, who usually use tractors or high-powered self-propelled machines. However, small maize producers in Mexico face the problem that sometimes do not have the capacity for timely harvesting and cannot rely on service providers who tend to prioritize large extensions and with machine far too large to enter in small plots. In response, a maize mini-combine harvester prototype for a Dongfeng® two-wheel tractor with 15 hp of power was developed. This report describes the development process and tests conducted both in the mechanical workshop and in a field with maize crop. Performance parameters such as work capacity, fuel consumption, mechanical damage to harvested grain and losses due to corn grain dispersion in the field were determined. The favorable results show the developed mini-combine harvester as an option to mechanize the harvesting activity, using power sources according to the working surfaces, which is also reflected in the low fuel consumption compared to medium-power agricultural tractors.Item Tractor fuel consumption in different agricultural tasks : database(Report, 2023) López Gómez, Jesús Antonio; Loon, Jelle J. vanIn order to make sound recommendations in the face of climate change, and related low-emission farming solutions, a detailed database on fuel consumption has been started through the activity of the present report. This database will provide oversight to fuel consumption, based on tractor horsepower, attach ancillary equipment and field operation duration, and will provide base line data for fuel consumption modelling, to support climate change mitigation recommendations. For this, fuel gauge sensors were installed on two four-wheel tractors to monitor fuel usage during field operation with specific ancillary equipment, and an Excel file was generated to capture the starting values. This database includes the following parameters: tractor used, agricultural activity performed, crop, implement used, fuel consumption, time of the activity performed and location. The database will be expanded during the next year, to include two-wheel tractors and a wider variety of ancillary equipment and different field conditions.Item Valuation of 2-wheel tractors for Life Cycle Assessment analysis : technical report(Report, 2023) Martinez Perez, Gabriel; Loon, Jelle J. vanThis report is part of a collaboration between the Autonomous University of Chapingo (Mexico) and CIMMYT for the mechanization work related with Advances Research Institute (ARIs). The objective of this collaboration is focused on performing a life cycle assessment analysis of a two-wheel tractor compared to animal drawn equipment. The present report describes the progress of this collaboration including the 2-wheel tractor disassembly to analyze and cost the complete manufacturing process (methods, materials, and resources). For this, computer-aided design (CAD) software SolidWorks© was used for creating accurate 3D models of each piece of the tractor, facilitating a detailed visualization of the geometry and operations required for construction. Additionally, to promote capacity building, two training workshops to students were conducted by CIMMYT focused on the development of prototypes of sustainable machinery from a smallholder perspective and the use of SolidWorks software packages for virtual sketching and 3D engineering.Item Mechanization in EiA Working Group Meeting 2023 : Workshop report(Report, 2023) Loon, Jelle J. van; Calvert, Owen Duncan; Jamann, Leon Rafael; Senthilkumar, Kalimuthu; Devkota, Mina; Patiño-Espejel, Joshua Esaú; Yahaya, RabéItem Análisis de sensibilidad a parametrizaciones físicas del modelo meteorológico WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting model) para el pronóstico de lluvia diaria y eventos extremos (ciclones tropicales) en COPECO-CENAOS, Honduras(Report, 2023-12-20) Moya, Aldo S.; Ayes Rivera, Irma; Montes, Carlo; Lizardo, AndrésSe estudió la sensibilidad del modelo Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) instalado en el Servicio Meteorológico Nacional de Honduras (CENAOS por las siglas de Centro de Estudios Atmosféricos, Oceanográficos y Sísmicos) de la Secretaría de Estado en los Despachos de Gestión de Riesgos y Contingencias. WRF es usado para la generación del pronóstico meteorológico de 24 horas y 5 días. Este reporte técnico resume la evaluación de la configuración actual, el analsis de sensibilidad del modelo a esquemas de microfisica de nubes, cúmules y capa límite en Honduras y, la configuración a implementar para la extensión del pronóstico a 10 días.