CCAFS Social Learning Case Studies
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/36024
Browse
Recent Submissions
Item Developing public-private partnerships for effective access and use of climate information services by farmers and pastoralists in the great green wall intervention zone of Mali(Case Study, 2021-12-15) Traoré, Bouba; Bouaré, Yaya; Nikoi, Gordon; Zougmoré, Robert B.Through this initiative of public private partnership development, ICRISAT/CCAFS aims to analyze the partnership’s environment to establish the public private partnership required to promote the sustainable use of climate services and agro-advisories for improving management of climatic risks by farmers and pastoralists from the GGW area in Mali. The purpose of this initiative is to analyze the already existing partnership in the climate information framework in order to propose a "win-win" "public private" partnership models for the current and future climate information services providers to the farmers and agro-pastoralists in the GGW area in Mali.Item Production de l’information météorologique et climatique au Sénégal(Case Study, 2021-07) CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics; United States Agency for International Development; Agence Nationale de l'Aviation Civile et de la MétéorologieProduction de l’information météorologique et climatique au SénégalItem Le changement climatique et ses impacts sur la pêche(Brief, 2021-07) CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics; United States Agency for International Development; Agence Nationale de l'Aviation Civile et de la MétéorologieL'impact du changement climatique du la pêche au SénégalItem Le changement climatique et ses impacts sur l’agriculture(Other, 2020-12-01) CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food SecurityLe changement climatique et ses impacts sur l’agriculture au SénégalItem Évaluation et Leçons apprises de l’utilisation des services d’information météorologiques et climatiques au Sénégal(Brief, 2020-12-01) Diouf, Ndeye Seynabou; Ouédraogo, Issa; Gnalenba, Ablouka; Ouédraogo, Mathieu; Zougmoré, Robert B.; Ndiaye, OusmaneLe projet USAID/CINSERE (Services d’information climatiques pour améliorer la résilience et la productivité au Sénégal) est un projet de résilience qui vise à renforcer les capacités nationales pour la production, l’accès et la diffusion efficientes d’informations météorologiques et climatiques, à développer des stratégies pour une mise à l’échelle durable de l’utilisation des services d’information météorologiques et climatiques (SIMC) sur toute l’étendue du territoire national. Le projet est financé par l’Agence des Etats-Unis pour le Développement International (USAID) et mis en œuvre par le CCAFS/ICRISAT en collaboration avec l’ANACIM depuis 2016. Dans le domaine de la pêche en particulier, le projet a renforcé les capacités des communautés de pêcheurs et a accru l’accès aux informations climatiques à travers le renforcement du système d’alerte précoce mis en place par USAID/Comfish. Dans le domaine de l’agriculture, en plus du renforcement des capacités de l’agence de la météo pour la production des services d’information climatique (SIC) de qualité, les agriculteurs ont été capacités pour l’utilisation efficace des SIC. Aussi, des canaux de diffusion ont été développés pour permettre à un grand nombre d’agriculteurs d’avoir accès aux SIC. Durant les quatre années de mise en œuvre du projet, des études économiques et des évaluations ont été menées pour répondre aux questions suivantes : – Comment les communautés de pêcheurs/ agriculteurs ont apprécié le mécanisme d’accès et d’utilisation des SIC mis en place par le projet USAID/CINSERE ? – Quel est le taux d’utilisation des services d’information climatiques au niveau des communautés de pêcheurs/agriculteurs ? – Quels sont les effets de l’utilisation des services climatiques sur la production agricole et le revenu des agriculteurs ? – Combien les communautés de pêcheurs/ agriculteurs sont prêtes à payer pour avoir accès aux SIC ? Ce document fait une synthèse des résultats obtenus à l’issue de ces études d’évaluations.Item Durabilité des services climatiques au Sénégal: Synthèse de l’étude réalisée par le cabinet Dalberg(Brief, 2020-12-01) Diouf, Ndeye Seynabou; Ouédraogo, Issa; Zougmoré, Robert B.; Gnalenba, Ablouka; Toni, YoussoufUSAID/CINSERE (Services d’information climatiques pour améliorer la résilience et la productivité au Sénégal) est un projet de résilience qui vise à renforcer les capacités nationales pour la production, l’accès et la diffusion efficiente des services d’informations météorologiques et climatiques (SIMC) et à développer des stratégies pour une mise à l’échelle durable de l’utilisation des services d’information météorologiques et climatiques (SIMC) sur toute l’étendue du territoire national. Le projet est financé par l’Agence des Etats-Unis pour le Développement International (USAID) et mis en œuvre par le Programme de Recherche du CGIAR sur le Changement Climatique, l’Agriculture et la Sécurité Alimentaire hébergé par ICRISAT (CCAFS/ ICRISAT) en collaboration avec l’ANACIM. Durant quatre années de mise en œuvre, des résultats assez probants ont été atteints tant dans la production des SIMC, la communication et l’utilisation de ces IMC, que dans le renforcement des capacités des bénéficiaires à utiliser de façon efficiente ces SIMC.Item Canaux de dissémination des informations météorologiques et climatiques au Sénégal(Brief, 2020-12-01) Ouédraogo, Issa; Diouf, Ndeye Seynabou; Gnalenba, Ablouka; Zougmoré, Robert B.; Ndiaye, OusmaneUSAID/CINSERE (Services d’information climatiques pour améliorer la résilience et la productivité au Sénégal) est un projet de 4 ans qui vise à renforcer les capacités nationales pour la production, l’accès et la diffusion efficiente d’informations météorologiques et climatiques (IMC) et à développer des stratégies pour une mise à l’échelle durable de l’utilisation des services d’information météorologiques et climatiques (SIC) sur toute l’étendue du territoire sénégalais. Le projet est financé par l’Agence des Etats-Unis pour le Développement International (USAID) et mis en œuvre par le Programme de Recherche du CGIAR sur le Changement Climatique, l’Agriculture et la Sécurité Alimentaire hébergé par ICRISAT (CCAFS/ICRISAT) en collaboration avec l’ANACIM. La zone d’intervention du projet est celle des projets Feed the Future au Sénégal, notamment Naatal Mbay (clôturé en 2019), Yaajeende (remplacé par Kawolor en 2018), ERA (remplacé par Youth in Agriculture en 2018) et COMFISH (remplacé par Dekkal Geej en 2019). Durant presque quatre années de mise en œuvre, des résultats assez probants ont été atteints tant dans la production des SIC, la communication et l’utilisation de ces SIC, que dans le renforcement des capacités des bénéficiaires à utiliser de façon efficiente ces SIC. Pour faciliter l’accès rapide aux IC par les utilisateurs potentiels, plusieurs plateformes de dissémination de ces IC ont été développées. Il s’agit principalement des canaux issus de la téléphonie mobile, des radios communautaires et des groupes de relais comme les groupes de travail pluridisciplinaires (GTP). Ce document capitalise les acquis et expériences en matière de dissémination des IC développées pour les differents sous-secteurs au cours des 4 ans de mise en oeuvre.Item Technologies et pratiques agricoles prometteuses pour le développement de chaînes de valeur climato-intelligentes au Mali, Niger et Sénégal(Case Study, 2020-11-01) Ouédraogo, Mathieu; Houessionon, Prosper; Sall, Moussa; Sanogo, Diaminatou; Tougiani, Abasse; Dembélé, SiakaLe présent document décrit les technologies et pratiques testées dans les différents villages intelligents face au climat et présentant un potentiel pour le développement de chaînes de valeur intelligentes dans les régions de Ségou (Mali), Tillabéry (Niger) et Kaffrine (Sénégal).Item Gender profile of climate-smart agriculture in Ghana(Report, 2021-06) CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food SecurityIn most developing countries, agriculture plays a crucial role in livelihoods and economic development. The sector employs between 60 to 80% of active populations in least developed countries (LDCs) and contributes to a large share in the national GDP (Huyer 2016). However, there is growing evidence that climate change is interacting with multiple stressors of the agricultural sectors of LDCs, challenging efforts to achieving food and nutrition security targets of the sustainable development goals [Partey et al. 2018]. To tackle these challenges, the concept of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) emerged as a solution to transform and reorient agricultural systems to support food security under the new realities of climate change (FAO, 2013). While the concept is recent, and still evolving, many of the practices underlying CSA are not new and used by farmers to cope with various production risks across the world (FAO, 2013). There is now an international consensus that the design and implementation of climate change responses must consider gender-specific differences in the capacity to adapt to and mitigate climate change (FAO and WB, 2017). Indeed, there is a strong gendered inequality in access to resources and opportunities in agriculture sector, resulting in gender productivity gaps (Quisumbing et al., 2014; Huyer 2016). In addition, the gendered inequality and gaps result in gendered vulnerability to climate change and differential adaptive capacity to manage climate risks (Huyer 2020; Huyer and Partey, 2020; Rao et al., 2019, 2020). Climate change affects men, women, boys, and girls differently (FAO and WB, 2017) and poses an increasing risk to food security and the agriculturalsector which is one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases (WB, FAO and IFAD, 2015). Thus, the interlink between gender, climate change and CSA is at the heart of recent development research programs. For CSA interventions to be more effective and sustainable, it must be designed to address gender inequalities and discrimination against vulnerable and marginalized groups. While countries are now taking advantage of synthesized countryspecific knowledge on CSA through the country CSA profiles (e.g.: CCAFS profiles, https://ccafs.cgiar.org/resources/publications/csa-country-profiles), integrating gender in CSA projects design and implementation is identified as imperative to reducing gender inequalities and enhancing an equal access to and the benefits from agricultural interventions (WB, FAO and IFAD, 2015). This Notwithstanding this, there is limited information on the gender dimensions of the development and adoption of CSA practices. The premise of a gender gap implies that men and women are not starting at the same point when it comes to developing and adopting CSA practices particularly in developing countries where vulnerability to extreme weather and climate variability is highest. Information on gender-sensitive CSA practices, their level of adoption and role in gender empowerment are therefore important knowledge gaps that the gender CSA profile seeks to address in order to inform the integration of gender-responsive actions into agriculture and CSA development plans, policies, investment programs and strategies at multiple scalesItem Adoption of Climate-Smart Cocoa practices in the adjust and cope climatic impact zones of Ghana(Case Study, 2020-12) Dalaa, Mustapha Alasan; Deffor, Eric Worlanyo; Kofituo, Rich Kofi; Asare, RichardCocoa (Theobroma Caocao) remains an important crop to the Ghanaian economy, due its historical contribution to revenue, foreign exchange and the creation of direct and indirect jobs. The sector however continues to face production challenges such as aging cocoa trees, reduced soil fertility, pest and disease infestations and recently the effects of climate change. These threaten the productivity and sustainability of cocoa in Ghana. The introduction of Climate Smart Cocoa (CSC) practices for designated climate impact zones in Ghana thus offer significant avenue for improving productivity and livelihood of cocoa farmers (IITA, 2019). Promoting the adoption of Climate Smart Cocoa (CSC) practices among farmers is central to sustaining the crop, improve livelihood and resilience of farmers, and mitigate the emission of greenhouse gas (GHG) (Bunn et at., 2019). Although cocoa farmers are being introduced to CSC practices, their adoption is likely to be influenced by various factors. In Ghana, Akrofi-Atiotianti et al. (2018) established that factors such as the age and location of farms, farmers’ age, residential status and access to extension services influences adoption of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) by cocoa farmers. Another key variable relevant to the adoption of Climate Smart Cocoa practices is timely access to weather information by cocoa farmers. The provision of weather stations data to famers can assist them to identify climate trends and improve their climate change risk assessments (UTZ, 2016). Such weather information can be made available to farmers either through the sharing of information within farmer groups or through mobile phone applications. This report presents the factors that influence CSC adoption among selected cocoa farmers in two Climatic Impact Zones in Ghana. It also established how critical farmer access to weather information influences cocoa productivity. Such studies will advise policy makers and help initiate practicable strategies that will facilitate the successful adoption of these practices by farmers. The CCAFS CSC( IITA and Rainforest Alliance) project team adopted the 5Q approach to rapidly access CSC adoption rates among cocoa farmers across two climatic impact zones ( Cope and Adjust ). The main aim was to see if the stepwise CSC Approach being promoted was yielding the desired results and to understand cocoa farmers perceptions on what these gains could be. A Semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 200 cocoa farmers all of whom are part of CSC trials in 4 cocoa growing communities across two climatic impact zones ( Cope and Adjust ) managed by AGRO ECO . This brief report encapsulates the CSC adoption rates and farmers perceptions on the benefits derived from CSC.Item Stepwise Climate-Smart Cocoa pilots in the cope and adjust climate impact zones(Case Study, 2020-12-21) Dalaa, Mustapha Alasan; Kofituo, Rich Kofi; Asare, RichardAs part of efforts in developing a business case for investing in climate-smart cocoa (CSC) practices, IITA has partnered with Public and Private sector organizations (PBC and CARGILL respectively) in the cocoa industry to co-learn on tailored made climate-smart cocoa practices in Ghana. A collaboration agreement has been signed between IITA and the companies to run CSC pilots for a period of 12 months. The end goal is to introduce farmers to the CSC practices through a co-learning process and to co-generate CBA data on each CSC practice through the establishment of stepwise CSC Pilots in two cocoa climate impact zones. This is expected to enhance the adoption and scaling-up of climate-smart cocoa by the companies and other stakeholders in the cocoa industry.Item Policy document detailing the use of the stepwise investment approach for Climate-Smart Cocoa adoption by farmers and companies(Case Study, 2020-12-21) Dalaa, Mustapha Alasan; Saeed, Abdul Razak; Kofituo, Rich Kofi; Asare, Richard"The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and Rainforest Alliance (RA), in conjunction with its partners The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), The Sustainable Food Lab (SFL) and Root Capital (RC) through the Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security’s (CCAFS) Phase 1 (2015-2018) on Mainstreaming Climate Smart Cocoa (CSC) project laid the foundation for this second phase of CCAFS. Under phase one, a lot of progress was made which led to the development of the climate exposure maps for Ghana’s cocoa sector and the recommendation of site-specific Climate smart Agriculture practices for the cocoa sector which recently being used by the Ghana COCOBOD as basis for the development of a climate smart cocoa standard. This novel approach to climate resilience, mitigation and adaptation in the cocoa sector promises to be the anchor towards sustainable production of the crop and the results of which can serve as a model for other crops in the region and beyond. What is lacking is the industries inability to push for the institutionalisation of these CSA packages (WCF Climate Smart cocoa Manual) in the training programs of companies and other certification bodies. There is also very limited data on the stepwise approach for climate smart cocoa and the need to establish a business case for CSA investment in both the cope and adjust zones. This document serves as a policy guide to help companies and cocoa sector stakeholders to adopt the use of the proposed stepwise Investment pathway using climate smart cocoa practices.Item Climate-Smart Cocoa: a gender transformative approach(Case Study, 2020-12-21) Dalaa, Mustapha Alasan; Torvikey, Gertrude Dzifa; Amoah, Alvin; Saeed, Abdul Razak; Obeng, Faustina; Kofituo, Rich Kofi; Asare, RichardIn general, government agricultural extension services were low or inadequate in many communities. Farmers reported not having adequate information on sound farm management practices and when they do come, they come in late. The gendered differences on access to information were also evident. Most people who access extension services were men with bigger cocoa farms. Women and youth receive less extension services which was attributed to their poor resource base. Agricultural interventions were sometimes structured in ways that favour men with the unitary model of household logic which assumes that whatever the man learns will trickle down to the household. Meanwhile, the households themselves are spaces for the entrenchment of gender and generational ideologies and hierarchical power dynamics. The study found that in almost all communities, while older men favoured women’s involvement in decision making and for them to take control of cocoa related decision making, they only accepted this for instrumental reasons such as the benefits that the household will derive from it. Most importantly, many male youth disfavoured women’s participations in decision making. The reasons for these included the fact that women are made to help men and the labour intensiveness of cocoa production among others. This requires programmes that are modelled with a Gender Transformative Approach (GTA) framework that will tackle the individual level capacities, social relations and the inherent institutional rules of organisations that work in the cocoa sector. Recommendations i) Initiate programmes and campaigns that aim at behavioural change, especially targeting the discriminatory practices and patriarchal norms in communities. This means excavating traditional practices that promote equity and gender equality and combining these with modern ones. These messages should target specific constituencies such as youth who are more averse to women’s participation in decision making. a) Initiate youth clubs where conversations are held about gender inequality and equity. ii) Develop gender sensitive extension service and training programmes that take into account literacy levels of the various social groups, local farm management practices and indigenous knowledge. a) Develop content in the Ghanaian languages spoken in the communities. b) Design programmes in formats that are clear, concise, accessible, sensitive and friendly to farmers especially women and youth. This should include the use of multiple dissemination channels such as community information centres, Farmer Based Organisations (FBOs), info graphics, local radio, storytelling, community durbars, festivals, religious activities and theatre among others. c) Integrate climate change and variability information in extension service delivery iii) Initiate affirmative action programmes through ensuring that the leadership of producer-based organisations in communities have women in leadership positions. iv) Promote safe traditional and modern savings and loans schemes to encourage savings and to enhance access to loans in times of shock. a) Support local credit schemes with resources to function in ways that promote equity and equality. These should target women, youth, poorer farmers and other vulnerable social groups. v) Design programmes that create a pool of labour-saving technologies in communities for easy access. a) Identify agricultural and non-agricultural labour-saving technologies that are required in communities. b) Identify ways in which access can be enhanced especially for women and youth. c) Promote collective/group ownership of equipment and its management to ensure sustainability of the programmes. vi) Design programmes that help free women and girls of reproductive roles so they can have enough time for productive activities and leisure. a) Invest in basic social services such as water and energy in communities. vii) Promote alternative on-farm and off-farm livelihood activities in farming communities through community-based discussion processes and skills development programmes. The programmes will promote reinvestment in cocoa production and vice versa. a) Promote food crop production as part of agroecological practices. b) Develop multiple clusters of livelihoods including animal rearing and crop production both in terms of intensification and extensification. c) Design programmes that encourage processing and value addition on agriculture and non-agricultural products to improve earnings. d) Create programmes that link rural producers to markets viii) Advocate for higher producer price for cocoa to compensate for farmer’s investment in production. ix) Design programmes that promote the health of farmers.Item The Climate-Smart Village approach: putting communities at the heart of restoration(Case Study, 2020-12-21) Sanogo, Diaminatou; Sall, Moussa; Camara, Baba Ansoumana; Diop, Mouhamadou; Badji, Marcel; Ba, Halimatou SadyaneLand degradation affects 24% of the world’s land surface and 1.5 billion of its people. It is the result of human activities, exacerbated by natural processes, and is closely linked to climate change and loss of biodiversity. In Africa two-thirds of arable land is degraded. In Senegal, 2.5 million hectares are degraded (CSE 2011); the central “groundnut basin” is particularly affected. Increasing the capacity of smallholders to address land degradation and adapt to climate variation is paramount, which is why the Senegalese Institute for Agricultural Research (ISRA) and its partners adopted the holistic and participatory “climate-smart village” approach. Based on innovative local governance, this approach includes seven components: (1) climate forecasts and information; (2) resilient crop varieties and good agricultural practices; (3) agroforestry with fruit and fodder species; (4) farmer managed natural regeneration; (5) inter-village silvopastoral areas; (6) planting of native fruit trees; and (7) small forestry and farm businesses.Item Taking the Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture (PICSA) approach to extension actors for strengthening resilience in Africa: five years’ experience in West Africa(Brief, 2020-08-01) Ky-Dembélé, Catherine; Bayala, Jules; Dayamba, Djibril S; Adeyemi, Chabi; Dorward, Peter; Agali, Alhassane; Diakité, Adama; Zougmoré, Robert B.; Lamien, NiéyidoubaIn West Africa, about 70% of the population live in rural area and have livelihoods mostly based on rainfed agriculture (Connolly-Boutin and Smit 2016; Serdeczny et al. 2017). Despite the low input practices, agriculture contributes of 30-40% Gross Domestic Product (Jalloh et al. 2012; Nin-Prat et al. 2011). However, farmers in this region are exposed to various weather-related risks, chiefly climate variability as well as climate change inducing droughts, which combined with their low adaptive capacities makes them the most vulnerable in the world (Von Soest 2020). Moreover, the climate of West Africa is expected to become more arid due to increased temperature and uncertain rainfall regimes, while its population is expected to grow faster than the rest of the world (Mechiche-Alami and Abdi 2020). Climate smart agriculture aims at helping farmers cope with the negative impact of climate change and in line with this, accurate and timely climate information services are one of the major inputs for improving agricultural practices (FAO 2013, 2018; Hansen et al., 2011, 2019). Developed by the University of Reading, within the framework of a CCAFS (Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security research program) funded project and with initial support from Nuffield Africa, the Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture (PICSA) approach is designed to help mallholder farmers to make plans and decisions for their individual contexts and that utilize climate and weather information together with participatory decision making tools. This approach is based on the analysis of livelihood activities by smallholder farmers in the light of climate information of their locality including historical weather data as well as seasonal and short-term forecasts, and helps farmers to make risk assessments and decisions to improve their production and meet their objectives (Dorward et al. 2015). Various participatory tools, including resource allocation maps, seasonal calendars, participatory budget analysis, C C A F S I N F O N O T E 2 are used for such analysis considering the specific context of each farmer as shown in the contextual framework in Figure 1. Two key principles of PICSA include ‘the farmer decides’ i.e. that farmers are best placed to make decisions about their agricultural practices, because they have detailed knowledge of their farm, system and environment, and they also face the consequences (whether favourable or unfavourable) of their decisions, and ‘options by context’ i.e. different farmers having different contexts. This includes differences in wealth, education, land, goals and attitudes to risk. Therefore, what works for one farmer might not work for another and farmers should thus make decisions that are right for their own contexts (see https://research.reading.ac.uk/picsa for full explanation and resources on PICSA).Item Participatory climate risk mapping: Building local adaptation capacities. A case from Ivisan , Capiz , Philippines(Report, 2020-12-07) International Institute of Rural ReconstructionThe report discussed how the local government unit in Ivisan municipality, Capiz, Philippines coped with, mitigated, and prepared for climate related risks in the livelihood and agri fisheries sector. The goal of the research was to produce Climate Related Risk Maps and Adaptation Plans in agriculture (Climate Smart MAP/CS MAP) for the 15 villages of Ivisan. The maps will assist in decision making and planning for risks, in normal and severe years, on a long term basis. These maps have two purposes: (i) to identify the climate risks and livelihood vulnerability (high, medium, and low), depending on the areas, for each climate related hazard event (drought, flood, salinity, storm, surge, etc.); (ii) to provide tools for the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Ivisan to guide their operations in anticipating and preparing for climate risk events, and thus ease stress, after each event.Item Options de Modèles d’Affaires pour Assurer la Durabilité de l’Utilisation des Services d’Information Climatique au Sénégal(Other, 2020-03-01) Ouédraogo, Issa; Diouf, Ndeye Seynabou; Zougmoré, Robert B.; Ndiaye, Ousmane; Touré, Adji AwaUSAID/CINSERE (Services d’information climatiques pour améliorer la résilience et la productivité au Sénégal) est un projet de résilience qui vise à renforcer les capacités nationales pour la production, l’accès et la diffusion efficiente d’informations météorologiques et climatiques (IC) et de développer des stratégies pour une mise à l’échelle durable de l’utilisation des services d’information météorologiques et climatiques (SIC) sur toute l’étendue du territoire national. Le projet est financé par l’USAID et mis en œuvre par le Programme de Recherche du CGIAR sur le Changement Climatique, l’Agriculture et la Sécurité Alimentaire hébergé par ICRISAT (CCAFS/ICRISAT) en collaboration avec l’ANACIM. La zone d’intervention du projet est celle des projets Feed the Future (FtF) au Sénégal, notamment Naatal Mbay (clôturé en 2019), Yaajeende (remplacé par Kawolor en 2018), ERA (remplacé par Youth in Agriculture en 2018) et COMFISH (remplacé par Dekkal Geej en 2019). Démarré en Mai 2016 pour une durée de trois ans (Jusqu’en mai 2019), le projet a bénéficié d’une extension d’un an. Ainsi, cette première phase de l’USAID/CINSERE prend fin en avril 2020. Durant presque quatre années de mise en œuvre, des résultats assez probants ont été atteints tant dans la production des SIC, la communication et l’utilisation de ces SIC, que dans le renforcement des capacités des bénéficiaires à utiliser de façon efficiente ces SIC. Dans le souci de préserver les acquis du projet et d’assurer une mise à l’échelle soutenue du système de développement et de fourniture des IC en vue d’une utilisation durable des IC au Sénégal, l’USAID a recommandé l’identification, le test, la validation et la mise en œuvre de modèles économiques viables impliquant des partenaires aussi bien du public que du privé (PPP). Le projet USAID/CINSERE s’est donc inspiré des expériences et leçons apprises au Sénégal, au Ghana, au Mali, en Inde et en Amérique Latine (Colombie) en matière de modèles économiques dans la fourniture des SIC pour bâtir des modèles adaptés au contexte du Sénégal. Ce document présente les modèles identifiés ainsi que les défis et perspectives.Item A compendium of Technologies, Practices, Services and Policies for Scaling Climate Smart Agriculture in Odisha (India)(Extension Material, 2020-01-23) Sharma, Sheetal; Rana, Dharamvir Singh; Jat, Mangi Lal; Biswal, Sabyasachi; Khatri-Chhetri, Arun; Pathak, HimanshuStakeholders engaged in agricultural research for development (AR4D) are increasingly tackling risks associated with climate change in smallholder systems. Accordingly, development and scaling of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) are one of the priorities for all the organizations, departments and ministries associated with the farm sector. Having a ‘one-stop-shop’ compiled in the format of a compendium for CSA technologies, practices and services would therefore serve a guide for all the stakeholders for scaling CSA in smallholder systems. Bringing out a Compendium on Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) for Odisha, India was therefore thought of during the workshop on ‘Scaling Climate-Smart Agriculture in Odisha’ organized at Bhubaneswar on 18-19 July 2018 by International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in collaboration with Department of Agriculture (DoA) & Farmers’ Empowerment, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute (ICAR-NRRI), Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology (OUAT) & International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) under the aegis of CGIAR Research program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). The main objectives to bring forth this compendium are: to argue the case for agriculture policies and practices that are climate-smart; to raise awareness of what can be done to make agriculture policies and practices climatesmart; and to provide practical guidance and recommendations that are well referenced and, wherever possible, based on lessons learned from practical action. CSA programmes are unlikely to be effective unless their implementation is supported by sound policies and institutions. It is therefore important to enhance institutional capacities in order to implement and replicate CSA strategies. Institutions are vital to agricultural development as well as the realisation of resilient livelihoods.They are not only a tool for farmers and decision-makers, but are also the main conduit through which CSA practices can be scaled up and sustained. The focus in this compendium is on CSA and it’s relevant aspects, i.e., (i) technologies and practices, (ii) services, (iii) technology targeting, (iv) business models, (v) capacity building, and (vi) policies. The approaches and tools available in the compendium span from face-to-face technicianfarmer dialogues to more structured exchanges of online and offline e-learning. In every scenario it is clear that tailoring to local expectations and needs is key. In particular, the voice of farmers is essential to be captured as they are the key actors to promote sustainable agriculture, and their issues need to be prioritized. CSA practices are expected to sustainably increase productivity and resilience (adaptation), reduce Greenhouse Gases (mitigation), and enhance achievement of national food security along with sustainable development goals. CSA is widely expected to contribute towards achieving these objectives and enhance climate change adaptation. CSA practices have to be included in State’s Climate Policy as a priority intervention as the state steps up efforts to tackle climate change. Furthermore, emphasis shoud be laid on CSA training for a sustainable mode to enhance CSA adoption in the state hence the relevance of developing this document. The adaption of climate related knowledge, technologies and practices to local conditions, promoting joint learning by farmers, researchers, rural advisor and widely disseminating CSA practices, is critical. This compendium brings together a collection of experiences from different stakeholders with background of agricultural extension and rural advisory services in supporting CSA. The contributions are not intended to be state-of-the art academic articles but thought and discussion pieces of work in progress. The compendium itself is a ‘living‘ document which is intended to be revised periodically.Item Scenario-Guided Review of the Ghana Livestock Policy(Brief, 2016-12) Botchway, Vincent Ansah; Sam, Kingsley Odum; Karbo, Naaminong; Essegbey, George Owusu; Nutsukpo, Delali; Agyemang, Kingsley; Zougmoré, Robert B.; Partey, Samuel T.Climate change impacts are manifesting throughout the world and they are especially significant in developing countries, including Ghana, that are particularly vulnerable. The impacts of climate change are complex and uncertain in nature that the usual conventional planning often falls short to address. In agriculture in particular, planning should be purposively done to effectively address climate change impacts especially for the livestock sub-sector that always seem to be insufficiently catered for. To address the uncertainty of future developments in an adequate way, a methodology that acknowledges the uncertainty and complexity is essential. Scenario-building methodology is a tried-and-tested approach in that regard. It is based on systems science and seeks to recognize and explore uncertainty and complexity in the decision-makers’ context. In multi-stakeholder contexts, exploratory scenarios engage multiple legitimate perspectives involved in framing and addressing unclear challenges related to food security and the environment. This leads to an extensive overview of plausible futures, articulating complex interactions between socio-economic factors, political developments, climate change, and the global context. Policy making needs a methodology that appropriately delivers visionary options. For Ghana’s livestock sub-sector such visionary options are vital. And in order to produce a new and robust version of Ghana’s livestock policy, currently being finalized by the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA), MoFA in collaboration with the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) and the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) has successfully organized a Three-Day Workshop from 13th to 15th July, 2016 at the Forest Hotel. The scenario-guided review workshop was conducted through a participatory approach which brought relevant stakeholders from the Government (MoFA, etc), academia, civil society and the private sector together to review the livestock policy. The CCAFS West Africa scenarios workshops informed the process in Ghana. In order to address specific issues in Ghana, these West Africa scenarios were downscaled and adapted to the level of Ghana by the Ghanaian stakeholders. These downscaled Ghana scenarios were then used for reviewing the livestock policy with the objective to produce a new, robust version in the face of future uncertainty. Dignitaries in attendance were Dr. Kwame Oppong-Anane, the Consultant for the Drafting of the Livestock Policy, who was the chairman for the workshop, Dr. E .K. Adu (Director, CSIR- ARI) who delivered the welcome address, Dr. Victor Agyeman (Director General, CSIR, Ghana), Dr. Robert Zougmore (CCAFS West Africa), and Mr. Kwamena Akorful (Director, APD , MoFA) who each delivered statements. Facilitators for the workshop included Dr. Samuel Partey, Dr. Karbo Naaminong, Dr.George Owusu Essegbey, Mr. Delali Nutsukpo, Mr. Vincent Ansah Botchway, Ms. Mavis Akuffobea and Kingsley Odum Sam who worked under the guidance of CCAFS’ Scenarios technical expert, Dr. Lucas Rutting, based at the Environmental Change Institute of the University of Oxford, UK.Item Scaling up of CSA Platforms at the Subnational (District) Levels in Ghana: a Progressive Achievement of Theghana CCAFS Science-Policy Platform(Brief, 2016-12) Botchway, Vincent Ansah; Sam, Kingsley Odum; Karbo, Naaminong; Essegbey, George Owusu; Nutsukpo, Delali; Agyemang, Kingsley; Zougmoré, Robert B.; Partey, Samuel T.Globally the picture on climate change and its effects on humanity appear quite disturbing as food systems and consumption patterns are sliding towards low against prediction values. In Ghana population expansion as a driver has quadrupled now and calls for more food and fibre needs than ten decades ago (Karbo et al, 2015). The awareness of climate change on socio-economic development among development workers, scientists and policy decision makers appears high though more attention has been given to the search for biophysical solutions than the policy institutional environment enabling their uptake. The CCAFS programme in West Africa coordinated by ICRISAT, Bamako involving Ghana, Mali and Senegal was able to set up national multi-stakeholder platforms for sharing information on climate change and related policy issues. The platforms also provide a linkage mechanism between research, policy decision makers and community level actors in order to positively influence climate change investments and project trajectory in agriculture with effective adaptive, resilient and mitigation outcomes at the farmer level. The Ghana CCAFS Science –Policy Platform formation preceded with a meeting held in Burkina Faso in 2013 where a three member team from Ghana was involved with subsequent drafting and submission of proposal in request for funding leading to its establishment. The Ghana national climate change science policy platform as a multi-stakeholder institutional innovation came into being in 2013 with the support of CCAFS West Africa, set out to bridge science-policy literacy gap at the national and sub-national levels. In 2014, Ghana through the collaborative efforts of the national Platform implemented CCAFS Flagship4 activities which sought to deepen interaction at all levels. This culminated into the establishment of platforms at Lawra, Jirapa and Nandom districts with the view to strengthen climate change discourse, attitudinal change and actions at that level while maintaining a vibrant functional linkage mechanism with the national platforms for policy influence. An assessment of climate change policy and institutional context by Essegbey 2014, in these three districts, revealed that large gap exists between the national and subnational levels in terms of policy development and dissemination. The report identified weaknesses in harnessing societal grassroots inputs for policy formulation process and lack of awareness and knowledge about the policy especially in the decentralized levels of society in these three districts (Essegbey 2014). This suggests that policy literacy is very low and could pose challenge to effective implementation of the NCCP. The establishment of these platforms were necessary to help bridge the policy literacy gap. Today, these platforms provide soft landing for research activities and projects such ASSAR project, Water and Land Ecosystem project etc. The platforms also provide inputs into the districts level development annual plans. Effective networking with other local and international bodies have also been recognised. This info note seeks to give a process description of the scaling up of district sciencepolicy platforms in Ghana, the structures, the perceptions of the actors with particular reference to the platform, perceived functions, fears and organizational leadership diversities.