CGIAR Southeast Asia and Pacific

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/115095

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    Crop based Innovations and Interventions in Vietnam
    (Presentation, 2021-12-10) Nguyen Van Hung; Newby, Jonathan C.; Kawarazuka, Nozomi
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    Regional workshop on agrochemical use and mitigation
    (Report, 2024-10-31) Putthana, V.; Unger, Fred
    The responsible use of agrochemicals remains a pressing challenge in the ASEAN region, requiring a delicate balance between ensuring food security and agricultural productivity while safeguarding environmental sustainability and human health. On October 31, 2024, a pivotal step was taken to tackle this issue at the Regional Workshop on Agrochemical Use and Mitigation, held in Vientiane, Laos. Organized under the ASEAN CGIAR Innovate for Food Regional Program, the workshop was part of Intervention Package 1 (IP1), which focuses on regenerative agriculture, aquaculture, and sustainable agrochemical practices. The workshop convened 35 experts from a wide range of fields, including academia, government agencies, CGIAR centers, NGOs, and the private sector. Participants from Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand—representing the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)—came together to address the multifaceted challenges of agrochemical use in the region. The discussions focused on three key objectives: (i) analyzing agrochemical use across the livestock, crop, and aquaculture sectors, (ii) fostering cross-sectoral and cross-country exchanges within the GMS, and (iii) identifying and deliberating on potential mitigation strategies. The event was jointly organized by the Faculty of Agriculture at the National University of Laos (NUOL) and the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), highlighting the vital role of partnerships in tackling regional agricultural challenges. This workshop was both timely and critical, as the ASEAN region strives to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. The region faces a complex web of challenges, including climate change, rapid urbanization, biodiversity loss, water scarcity, poverty, food safety concerns (such as antimicrobial resistance), nutrition deficiencies, and social inequality. Tackling these interconnected issues demands a collaborative and holistic approach—a goal this workshop sought to advance. By uniting experts from diverse fields and countries, the workshop provided a valuable platform for exchanging ideas, sharing best practices, and developing innovative solutions. The insights and outcomes from this event are anticipated to shape policy decisions, inform research priorities, and foster collaborative initiatives aimed at advancing sustainable and responsible agrochemical use across the ASEAN region. This report offers a detailed account of the workshop proceedings, key insights, and actionable recommendations that emerged from the discussions. It serves as an essential resource for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners committed to advancing sustainable agricultural practices in the ASEAN region and beyond. The workshop was organized as part of Intervention Package 1 (IP1) under the ASEAN CGIAR Innovate for Food Regional Program. IP1 focuses on promoting regenerative agriculture practices and reducing the use of harmful agrochemicals in ASEAN Member States (AMS).
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    Scoping review of One Health and food safety platforms and regulations in Southeast Asia
    (Report, 2024-12-26) Nguyen Thi Bich Thao; Unger, Fred
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    Exploring pathways to invest in Ban pig breeding improvements in Son La Province, Northwest Highlands of Vietnam
    (Report, 2024-12-25) Le Thi Thanh Huyen; Unger, Fred
    Ban pigs have traditionally been raised by ethnic groups in upland areas. However, these communities are increasingly facing challenges, including declines in genetically pure Ban pig populations, the prevalence of unknown mixed breeds, breeding degradation, inbreeding, low productivity, and the high prices of Ban pigs compared to exotic breeds. Currently, the SAPLING initiative supports cooperative artificial insemination (AI) service providers in record-keeping and benefits calculations. However, this support has not yet extended to breeders, including farmer groups engaged in Ban pig production. Maintaining genetically pure Ban pig breeders in the community is critical to ensuring their linkage with other commercial Ban pig producers in the region. At the same time, it is essential to enhance the knowledge of farmers and other stakeholders in maintaining the genetic quality of Ban pigs for long-term conservation and development. This effort is part of Innovation Package 3 (IP3) under the "Enhancing ASEAN Agrobiodiversity Use and Landscape Biodiversity" initiative, which is a component of the ASEAN-CGIAR Innovate for Food Regional Program. The overall objective of this program is to build resilience to climate change while improving livelihoods for food producers and other stakeholders along the value chain.
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    Establishment of One Health field site and One Health training
    (Report, 2024-10-26) Putthana, V.; Unger, Fred
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    Procedure and experience of implementing One Health field sites at the grassroots level in Lao PDR and similar contexts
    (Brief, 2024-12-26) Pham Duc Phuc; Unger, Fred
    The One Health (OH) approach promotes collaboration across human, animal, and environmental health sectors to address zoonotic diseases and other health challenges. This brief explores the process of establishing a grassroots OH field site in Lao PDR as part of the "One Health Training on Enhancing Integrated Approaches to Control Zoonoses in Southeast Asia," held in Vientiane on October 29–30, 2024. The initiative aimed to strengthen cross-sectoral collaboration and offer localized solutions for zoonotic disease prevention and control. Key procedures included stakeholder engagement, capacity building, site selection, and community involvement. The field site activities focused on integrated disease surveillance, vaccination drives, and environmental health improvements. The experiences and lessons learned highlighted the importance of strong leadership, community involvement, and university collaboration in implementing successful OH strategies. Challenges such as resource limitations and stakeholder coordination were identified, with recommendations for scaling up and enhancing OH field sites in Southeast Asia. The establishment of this field site demonstrated the potential for grassroots initiatives to significantly contribute to managing zoonotic diseases and advancing the One Health agenda.
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    A scoping review of agrochemical use in Southeast Asia: Implications to health, socioeconomic, knowledge, interventions, and policies aspects
    (Report, 2024-12-25) Nguyen Cong Thanh; Unger, Fred
    This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of pesticide usage in Southeast Asia, focusing on its implications for health, socioeconomic status, knowledge gaps, interventions, and policies from 2014 to 2024. Agrochemicals, particularly pesticides, are integral to agricultural practices, yet their use is associated with significant public health risks and environmental concerns. The review synthesizes quantitative data on pesticide application trends across the region, revealing fluctuating usage patterns that vary by country and type of pesticide. Health implications include acute and chronic health risks, particularly among farmers and agricultural workers who are frequently exposed to harmful chemicals. The review highlights significant associations between pesticide exposure and adverse health outcomes, including respiratory issues, neurological damage, and mental health disorders. Furthermore, socioeconomic factors such as the economic dependence on agriculture and limited access to training exacerbate the reliance on hazardous pesticide mixtures. Knowledge gaps persist regarding safe pesticide use, with many farmers exhibiting a disconnect between awareness of risks and the adoption of protective measures. The review identifies successful interventions that promote good agricultural practices (GAP) and ecological engineering, which can mitigate pesticide dependency and enhance sustainability. Additionally, policy recommendations emphasize the necessity of stricter regulations on pesticide use, improved monitoring systems, and the promotion of biopesticides as safer alternatives. Overall, this scoping review underscores the urgent need for coordinated efforts among stakeholders to develop and implement effective strategies for managing pesticide use in Southeast Asia. By fostering a comprehensive understanding of the complexities surrounding agrochemical application, the review aims to guide future research, inform policy-making, and contribute to healthier, more sustainable agricultural practices in the region.
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    An toàn thực phẩm trong chuỗi sản xuất truyền thống các sản phẩm động vật
    (Presentation, 2024-12-05) Sinh Dang-Xuan; Trang Le-Thi-Huyen ; Hung Nguyen-Viet; Unger, Fred
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    ILRI research to support sustainable livestock systems in the region
    (Presentation, 2024-07-16) Unger, Fred
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    Review of native pig systems in Vietnam
    (Report, 2024-03-31) Le Thi Thanh Huyen
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    Antibiotic use practices in semi-intensive production poultry systems in Laos
    (Report, 2024-03-31) Phutthana, V.
    In recent years, semi-intensified and intensified poultry production in Laos has become common and is expanding rapidly. This intensification trend favors the demanded use of antimicrobials for growth promotion, prophylaxis, and treatment. Numerous action areas to reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and preserve the efficacy of existing drugs in the poultry value chain have been initiated under several global, regional, and national AMR plans. This study aimed to develop the evidence base on the drivers of antimicrobial use (AMU) among farmers in semi-intensive poultry production systems, so that key features of the production system can be captured to build understanding of the drivers of AMU by Laotian farmers. A cross-sectional survey, using a structured questionnaire, was conducted in poultry farms across districts in Vientiane, Bolikhamxay and Luangprabang provinces from February to March 2024. A total of 250 broiler farms were selected from the list of chicken farms which were provided by local veterinary and husbandry authorities. Amongst the farmers interviewed, 60% were female, who often oversaw raising chicken in the survey farms. Almost half of the farms (47.2%) gained some of their family income from broiler farming, while 5.6% of the respondents said chicken farming accounted for most or all of their family income. Only 8.5% of respondents reported that they have attended at least one training related to animal (chicken) husbandry or veterinary care. The studied farms which used fences partly or completely around the pen or farm area accounted for 47.6% and 29.3% of surveyed farms, respectively. Farms not using fences accounted for 23.1% of total farms. Most of the farms (92.5%) had no footbath at the farm gate or pens entrance. Seventy-one percent (71%) of farmers mentioned that they have used antibiotics for their chicken in the last production cycle. When asking about farmer’s perception on the main purpose of using antibiotics in poultry production, two third of respondents (76.1%) reported ‘to prevent the diseases.’ The average amount of money, which farmers spent on antibiotics in the last cycle was LAK 100,000 (~ USD 5, min-max: USD 0.35-40). Over the year, farmers use antibiotics most in June and July, followed by January and February. The months farmers used the least amount of antibiotics were March and April. About 18% of respondents revealed that they have mixed antibiotics in commercial feed either at starter or finisher stage. The common antibiotic types used were doxycycline and some farmers mixed tetracycline and erythromycin into feed. For treatment or metaphylaxis e.g. after vaccination of birds, farmers used doxycycline mixed in feed. Other antibiotics used for treatment included oxytetracycline.
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    Digital innovations to support equitable, sustainable, and resilient agri-food systems and last mile delivery
    (Report, 2024-03-28) Dhulipala, Ram; Whitbread, Anthony M.; Unger, Fred; Chi Nguyen
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    CGIAR Vietnam Newsletter, Issue 2, January 2024
    (Newsletter, 2024-01-31) CGIAR
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    Transboundary pests and diseases under the ASEAN-CGIAR Food and Nutrition Security Program
    (Presentation, 2023-12-19) Unger, Fred; Kawarazuka, Nozomi; Arinaitwe, Warren; Boddupalli, P.M.; Pangesti, Nurmi
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    Transboundary pests and diseases
    (Presentation, 2023-10-04) Unger, Fred; Pangesti, Nurmi
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    Tờ tin số 1 CGIAR tại Việt Nam, năm 2022
    (Newsletter, 2022-12-30) CGIAR