Bioversity Reports

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/68235

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Reviewed and proposed indicators for agrobiodiversity conservation services
(Report, 2013) Nguyen, Trang; Drucker, Adam G.
This literature review of agrobiodiversity (ABD)-related indicators seeks to contribute towards a framework for ABD valuation, by identifying the main groups of indicators that can cover the public good benefits generated by ABD (landscape level agroecosystem resilience support, maintenance of traditional knowledge and local identities, global option values). Through the review of existing ABD indicators, this report also identifies the research gaps and provides recommendations regarding the development of a holistic indicator set for measuring the critical ecosystem services associated with ABD.
Musalogue: Catalogue de germoplasme de Musa. Plantains d’Afrique occidentale et centrale –Collection CARBAP
(Report, 2018) Ibobondji, Lucien; Ngoh Newilah, Gérard; Tomekpe, Kodjo; Ruas, Max; Chase, Rachel; Roux, Nicolas Stephan M.
Ce Musalogue (3ème de la série) présente la remarquable collection de plantains (145 accessions) du CARBAP en Cameroun. Il vise à faciliter l’identification correcte des plantains africains et la diffusion des informations importantes sur leur extraordinaire diversité et leur potentiel agronomique ainsi que leurs qualités post-récolte afin de stimuler leur utilisation aussi bien par les chercheurs, les vulgarisateurs, les producteurs que par d’autres acteurs de la filière plantain. Le catalogue est une résultante de la collaboration entre une équipe scientifique pluridisciplinaire des institutions suivantes : CARBAP, Cirad et Bioversity International, qui ont activement participé à la réalisation du projet Food Security Thematic Programme Phase 2 (FSTP2) de l’Union Européenne qui a permis la collecte et l’analyse des données présentées dans ce catalogue. This Musalogue (3rd in the series) presents the remarkable plantain collection (145 accessions) of CARBAP in Cameroon. It aims to facilitate the correct identification of African plantains and disseminate the important information on their extraordinary diversity, agronomic potential, and post-harvest qualities, in order to encourage better use by researchers, extension workers, farmers and other actors in the plantain community. The catalogue is a result of collaboration by a multidisciplinary scientific team from the following institutes: CARBAP, Cirad and Bioversity International, who participated in the project Food Security Thematic Programme Phase 2 (FSTP2) of the European Union, which permitted the collection and analysis of the data presented in the catalogue.
On the international flow of plant genetic resources: Forecasting the impacts of an evolving legal framework on CGIAR genebanks.
(Report, 2019) Gotor, Elisabetta; Caracciolo, Francesco; Scafetti, Flavia
Recognizing the linkages between the ITPGRFA and the CGIAR operations within the MLS, the present study aims at understanding the implications that the SMTA reform will have on the CG genebanks. To achieve its objective, the study starts by retracing the historical evolution of the legal framework guiding the international exchange of PGR. Then, it outlines the main features of the MLS reform processes currently being negotiated and identifies major challenges and sources of future uncertainties. By isolating those components relevant for CGIAR, the study constructs the different scenarios that might occur, and forecast the likelihood of different impacts and consequences for CG genebanks.
Addressing micronutrient deficiency in Cameroon through common bean biofortification
(Report, 2020) Nchanji, Eileen Bogweh; Siri, Bella; Ngueguim, Martin; Kamdem, Franck; Butare, Louis; Onyango, Patricia; Fungo, Robert
Biofortification is a process through which the nutritional value – vitamins or minerals of a food crop is enhanced through conventional breeding. Through biofortification, vitamins and minerals such as iron, zinc, provitamin A etc. are enhanced. Eleven high iron and zinc beans have been released in Cameroon after a recent nutritional screening of more than 30 common bean varieties (local landraces and improved bean varieties). The adoption and dissemination of these newly identified high iron and zinc varieties will contribute to addressing iron and zinc deficiency among women and children under five. Growing and selling beans will also ensure income and food security for the household. Common beans are the most grown and consumed legume and affordable source of protein in Cameroon. The release of high iron and zinc beans and subsequent incorporation into the household diets is a cost-effective intervention in addressing health disorders related to inadequate intake of iron and zinc.
Lutter contre les carences en micronutriments au Cameroun par la biofortification du haricot commun
(Report, 2020) Nchanji, Eileen Bogweh; Siri, Bella; Ngueguim, Martin; Kamdem, Franck; Butare, Louis; Onyango, Patricia; Fungo, Robert
La biofortification est un processus par lequel la valeur nutritionnelle (vitamines et/ou minéraux) d’une culture vivrière est améliorée par le processus de sélection conventionnelle. L’amélioration de nouvelles variétés biofortifiées repose sur la sélection génétique pour développer une plante avec des teneurs plus élevées en protéines, vitamines et les minéraux, notamment le fer, le zinc, la provitamine A, etc,. Onze haricots améliorés riches en fer et en zinc ont été introduits sur le marché au Cameroun à la suite d’une récente analyse nutritionnelle portant sur plus de 30 variétés de haricots communs (variétés locales et variétés introduites). L’adoption et la diffusion de ces variétés nouvellement identifiées avec une grande concentration en fer et en zinc contribuera à lutter contre les carences en fer et en zinc chez les femmes et les enfants de moins de cinq ans. La culture et la vente du haricot amélioré permettront également d’améliorer les revenus et la sécurité alimentaire des ménages. Le haricot commun est la légumineuse la plus cultivée et la plus consommée, et une des sources de protéine plus accessible au Cameroun. La promulgation de ces nouvelles variétés de haricot riche en fer et en zinc et leur adoption ultérieure dans les régimes alimentaires des ménages constitue une intervention peu coûteuse pour lutter contre les problèmes de santé publique liés aux carences en fer et en zinc au sein de la population.
Crop wild relatives in Natura 2000 Network
(Report, 2020-12) Rubio Teso, Maria Luisa; Álvarez Muñiz, Clara; Gaisberger, Hannes; Kell, Shelagh; Lara-Romero, Carlos; Magos Brehm, Joana; Maxted, Nigel; Iriondo, Jose Maria
This document presents the results of analyses to ascertain the potential of the Natura 2000 network to conserve crop wild relatives (CWR). We obtained distribution data of European priority CWR from large international biodiversity databases and filtered the records to obtain a high quality georeferenced dataset. This dataset contains over 2.8 million records of 568 different priority crop wild relatives. To lay the foundation for the design of a network for the conservation of crop wild relatives in Europe, we analyzed the presence of priority taxa in the Natura 2000 network. We also consulted the Habitats Directive to identify priority crop wild relatives that are characteristic of the protected habitats under Annex I of the Directive, as well as those listed in Annexes II, IV and V. The results show great potential of the Natura 2000 network for the conservation of crop wild relatives, with 519 priority taxa within just 31% of its sites. In addition, 84 priority CWR taxa have been identified as characteristic species of 83 priority habitats of the Directive, and 17 of them are also listed in Annexes II and IV. These findings support the value of using the existing biodiversity conservation infrastructure in Europe for crop wild relative conservation in situ. With very little additional cost involved, the in situ conservation of European priority crop wild relatives could provide added value to the Natura 2000 network through their mportant contribution to the maintenance of food security.
Enhancing access to genetic resources for climate change adaptation: A nutritional analysis of selected best-performing varieties of beans, finger millet and sorghum in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda
(Report, 2020-12) Otieno, Gloria Atieno; Recha, Tobias; Okoth, Judith Kanensi
The report presents a summary of results from the nutritional analysis conducted on varieties of sorghum, finger millet and beans that were selected by farmers through various rounds of participatory varietal testing and selection on farm and on-station. Best performing varieties were selected based on their drought tolerance, yield, early maturity and resistance to pests and diseases. To compliment this information a further nutritional analysis was done to determine the nutritional content of the varieties specifically those important for nutrition security such as iron, zinc, calcium, and tannins. With this nutrition profiling and agronomic information, relevant stakeholders at all levels, from farmers and breeders, to value-addition sectors and private companies in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda can now easily select a variety, from among the ones profiled, according to their specific needs for breeding or commercialization.
NOURICITY - Technical report on qualitative data collection (Focus Group Discussions)
(Report, 2020-12) Fongar, Andrea; Ekesa, Beatrice; Dijkxhoorn, Youri; Linderhof, Vincent
Poverty and malnutrition hotspots are moving from rural to urban communities, as Africa is urbanizing. The population in cities and countries are faced with the coexistence of overweight, obesity, micronutrient deficiency and undernourishment, the so-called ‘triple’ burden of malnutrition. The question is Who is affected and Why are they affected remains unclear. The project ‘NOURICITY’ seeks to answer these questions by engaging in a chain of multi-stakeholder participatory events and fieldwork meant to deliver a blueprint for partnerships seeking to improve urban nutrition in Africa. The technical report describes and identifies results and challenges of the qualitative data collection exercise to gather information around the food systems in Kanyanya parish, Kampala, Uganda.
Enhancing women’s rights and lives through gender-equitable restoration in Burkina Faso
(Journal Article, 2020-12) Tiendrébéogo, Safiétou; Ouédraogo, Adidjata; Kabore, Ramané; Zougouri, Sita; Elias, Marlène; Traoré, Alain Touta; Vinceti, Barbara; Traoré, Daouda; Yago-Ouattara, Emma Lucie
Gender differences and gender inequalities in rights, status and responsibilities significantly shape daily rural life and life cycles in rural West Africa (Levasseur 2003), where women face significant constraints in participating in activities aimed at restoring forests and farmland. Yet, they also find innovative ways to overcome such constraints, such as collective action and the creation of groups of mutual support. In Burkina Faso, rural women are mobilizing such groups to improve their living conditions through sustainable resource management, and many NGOs, projects and associations are supporting them in these endeavours. By organizing themselves into collectives that can be targeted by development institutions, women improve their access to technical, financial and material support and training, build their capacities, and acquire new knowledge and resources to actively participate in land restoration. In Burkina Faso and elsewhere in West Africa, women’s limited access to and control over land severely hinders their ability to engage in restoration activities. This article specifically addresses three questions: What motivates women to invest time and effort involvement in the restoration of land and forests? What obstacles do women face in implementing land and forest restoration activities? How do restoration activities affect the living conditions of women?
Vegetables open new avenues for farmers’ livelihood improvement: promising results from Hoima, Uganda
(Report, 2020-11) Mwanguhya, Joshua; Baguma, David; Kiiza, Annet; Kabakoyo, Elizabeth; Recha, Tobias; Vernooy, Ronnie
This second progress report, covering the period from October 2019 to March 2020, presents the first results of a one-year pilot project to introduce vegetable growing activities in Hoima, Uganda, as a means to strengthen farmers’ adaptive capacity to deal with climate change, diversify income sources and improve household nutrition. Pilot farmers in Hoima district, Kyabigambire sub-county, trained by a team from East West Seed-Knowledge Transfer Uganda, the Alliance of Bioversity international and CIAT and the National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO) of Uganda, evaluated the performance of various varieties of five vegetable species, identified the strengths and weaknesses of the experimental process and made recommendations for further research.
Underutilized crops in the livelihoods, diets, and adaptation practices of Gond farmers in Eastern Madhya Pradesh, India: Baseline results from the programme “Linking agrobiodiversity value chains, climate adaptation and nutrition: Empowering the poor to manage risk”
(Report, 2020-11) Bioversity International; Action for Social Advancement
The programme “Linking agrobiodiversity value chains, climate adaptation and nutrition: Empowering the poor to manage risk” funded by IFAD and the European Union from 2015 to 2018 aims to strengthen the capacities of farmers to manage risks associated with climate change, poor nutrition status, and economic disempowerment through agrobiodiversity-based solutions. Enhancing productivity and promoting use of nutritious and climate-hardy underutilized species is the core of the initiative, which is focusing on minor millets and native vegetables in Madhya Pradesh. The approach is two-prong, involving on one hand targeted value chain activities for the minor millets, which are widely recognized for their important role in supporting climate change adaptation and food security in India and which show growing market potential, and on the other hand, exploratory work on native vegetables that aims to document and identify high potential species that can fill nutrition gaps in critical seasons. A holistic approach addressing multiple bottlenecks in supply and demand is being applied for the minor millets (and later for promising native vegetables), engaging consultation and participation of multiple stakeholders to ensure the interventions are pro-poor and gender-sensitive and to advocate for supportive policies .
Underutilized crops in the livelihoods, diets, and adaptation practices of smallholders in Sikasso and Ségou, Mali: Baseline results from the programme “Linking agrobiodiversity value chains, climate adaptation and nutrition: Empowering the poor to manage risk”
(Report, 2020-11) Bioversity International; Institut d’Economie Rurale
The programme “Linking agrobiodiversity value cahins, climate adaptation and nutrition: Empowering the poor to manage risk” funded by IFAD and the European Union from 2015 to 2018 aims to strenghten the capacities of farmers to manage risks associated with climate change, poor nutrition status, and economic disempowerment through agrobiodiversity-based solutions. Enhancing productivity and promoting use of nutritious and climate-hardy underutilized species is the core of the initiative, which is focusing on fonio, Bambara groundnut and native vegetables in six villages in Sikasso and Segou regions of Mali. The approach is two-prong, involving on one hand, targeted value chain interventions for fonio and Bambara groundnut, and on the other hand, exploratory work to prioritize native vegetables and other underutilized crops that can fill nutrition gaps in critical seasons. A holistic approach addressing multiple bottlenecks in supply and demand is being applied for fonio and Bambara groundnut, engaging consultation and participation of multiple stakeholders to ensure the interventions are pro-poor and gender-sensitive and to advocate for supportive policies.
Valuing quality seeds and species diversity in FLR: Simulation modelling for cost-benefit analysis
(Report, 2020-10) Roscioli, Federico; Thomas, Evert; Kozicka, Marta; Gotor, Elisabetta; Kettle, Christopher J.
Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) aims at reestablishing the ecological functionality of degraded terrestrial ecosystems, as well as changing land-management practices to sustain local economic growth for the benefit of local livelihoods and for society in the long term. FLR projects embracing quality planting material, in terms of genetic diversity and site adaptation, provide better performances regarding growth and resilience. Consequently, they are expected to deliver a more efficient cost-benefit ratio. We propose a numerical model that simulates a one-hectare FLR project in order to explore the dynamics of the cost-benefit ratio over the period of 20 years. The model quantifies the impact of the use of quality planting material on the health of the plantation and its consequent economic value. A case study of a Prosopis pallida plantation in the dry forest of the north of Peru shows no relevant additional costs, but significant additional benefits of the use of quality planting material. This result holds both for an intensive commercial plantation and a conservation project that entails almost zero maintenance.
State of the world’s plants and fungi 2020
(Report, 2020-10) Antonelli, A.; Fry, C.; Smith, R.J.; Simmonds, M.S.J.; Kersey, Paul J.; Pritchard, H.W.; Abbo, M.S.; Acedo, C.; Adams, J.; Ainsworth, A.M.; Allkin, B.; Annecke, W.; Bachman, S.P.; Bacon, K.; Bárrios, S.; Barstow, Charles; Battison, A.; Bell, E.; Bensusan, K.; Bidartondo, M.I.; Blackhall-Miles, R.J.; Borrell, James S.; Brearley, F.Q.; Breman, E.; Brewer, R.F.A.; Brodie, J.; Cámara Leret, Rodrigo; Campostrini Forzza, R.; Cannon, P.; Carine, M.; Carretero, J.; Cavagnaro, T.R.; Cazar, M.-E.; Chapman, T.; Cheek, M.; Clubbe, C.; Cockel, Christopher P.; Collemare, J.; Cooper, A.; Copeland, A.I.; Corcoran, M.; Couch, C.; Cowell, C.; Crous, P.; Silva, M. da; Dalle, G.; Das, D.; David, J.C.; Davies, L.; Davies, N.; Canha, M.N. de; Lirio, E.J. de; Demissew, S.; Diazgranados, M.; Dickie, J.; Dines, T.; Douglas, B.; Dröge, G.; Dulloo, Mohammad Ehsan; Fang, R.; Farlow, A.; Farrar, K.; Fay, M.F.; Felix, J.; Forest, F.; Forrest, L.L.; Fulcher, T.; Gafforov, Y.; Gardiner, L.M.; Gâteblé, G.; Gaya, E.; Geslin, B.; Gonçalves, S.C.; Gore, C.J.N.; Govaerts, R.; Gowda, B.; Grace, O.M.; Grall, A.; Haelewaters, D.; Halley, J.M.; Hamilton, M.A.; Hazra, A.; Heller, T.; Hollingsworth, P.M.; Holstein, N.; Howes, Melanie-Jayne R.; Hughes, M.; Hunter, Danny; Hutchinson, N.; Hyde, K.; Iganci, J.; Jones, M.; Kelly, L.J.; Kirk, P.; Koch, H.; Krisai-Greilhuber, I.; Lall, N.; Langat, M.K.; Leaman, D.J.; Leão, T.C.; Lee, M.A.; Leitch, I.J.; Leon, C.; Lettice, Eoin; Lewis, G.P.; Li, L.; Lindon, H.; Liu, J.S.; Liu, U.; Llewellyn, T.; Looney, B.; Lovett, J.C.; Łuczaj, Łukasz; Lulekal, Ermias; Maggassouba, S.; Malécot, V.; Martin, C.; Masera, O.R.; Mattana, E.; Maxted, N.; Mba, C.; McGinn, K.J.; Metheringham, Carey; Miles, S.; Miller, J.; Milliken, W.; Moat, J.; Moore, P.G.P.; Morim, M.P.; Mueller, G.M.; Muminjanov, H.; Negrão, R.; Nic Lughadha, E.; Nicolson, N.; Niskanen, T.; Nono Womdim, R.; Noorani, A.; Obreza, M.; O’Donnell, K.; O’Hanlon, R.; Onana, J.-M.; Ondo, I.; Padulosi, Stefano; Paton, A.; Pearce, T.; Pérez Escobar, O.A.; Pieroni, A.; Pironon, S.; Prescott, T.A.K.; Qi, Y.D.; Qin, H.; Quave, C.L.; Rajaovelona, L.; Razanajatovo, H.; Reich, P.B.; Rianawati, E.; Rich, T.C.G.; Richards, S.L.; Rivers, M.C.; Ross, A.; Rumsey, F.; Ryan, M.; Ryan, P.; Sagala, S.; Sánchez, M.D.; Sharrock, S.; Shrestha, K.K.; Sim, J.; Sirakaya, A.; Sjöman, H.; Smidt, E.C.; Smith, D.; Smith, P.; Smith, S.R.; Sofo, A.; Spence, N.; Stanworth, A.; Stara, K.; Stevenson, P.C.; Stroh, P.; Suz, L.M.; Tambam, B.B.; Tatsis, E.C.; Taylor, I.; Thiers, B.; Thormann, Imke; Trivedi, C.; Twilley, D.; Twyford, A.D.; Ulian, T.; Utteridge, T.; Vaglica, V.; Vásquez Londoño, C.; Victor, J.; Viruel, J.; Walker, B.E.; Walker, K.; Walsh, A.; Way, M.; Wilbraham, J.; Wilkin, P.; Wilkinson, T.; Williams, C.; Winterton, D.; Wong, K.M.; Woodfield-Pascoe, N.; Woodman, J.; Wyatt, L.; Wynberg, R.; Zhang, B.G.
Kew’s State of the World’s Plants and Fungi project provides assessments of our current knowledge of the diversity of plants and fungi on Earth, the global threats that they face, and the policies to safeguard them. Produced in conjunction with an international scientific symposium, Kew’s State of the World’s Plants and Fungi sets an important international standard from which we can annually track trends in the global status of plant and fungal diversity.
Seasonal availability, sources, preferences and use of fruits and vegetables in Ibadan, Nigeria: Focus group results from Abàeja and Bagadajé
(Report, 2020-09) Meldrum, Gennifer; Adeyemi, Olutayo A.; Filipo, Amanda de; Kennedy, Gina; Samuel, Folake
Seasonal availability, sources, preferences and use of fruits and vegetable in Hanoi Vietnam : focus group results Hà Dong and Dong Da
(Report, 2020-09) Meldrum, Gennifer; Ngothiha, Phuong; Filipo, Amanda de; Kennedy, Gina; Mai, Truong
Step-by-step process to mainstream gender in climate-smart agricultural initiatives in Guatemala
(Training Material, 2020-05-26) Acosta, Mariola; Bonilla Findji, Osana; Howland, Fanny C.; Twyman, Jennifer; Gumucio, Tatiana; Martínez Barón, Deissy; Le Coq, Jean-François
Within the framework of the projects “Generating evidence on gender-sensitive climate-smart agriculture to inform policy in Central America” and “Shaping equitable climate change policies for resilient food systems across Central America and the Caribbean”, during 2018 and 2019, a series of workshops was held at the national level with the purpose of strengthening the capacities of stakeholders to develop and implement agricultural projects integrating gender and climate change perspectives. The need to strengthen the inclusion of gender equality considerations in all phases of agricultural program and project design and implementation was emphasized during these activities, including the need to create more robust monitoring systems integrating gender indicator and measures focused on enhancing the adaptive capacity to cope with the impacts of climate change and variability. Within this context MAGA and CCAFS joined efforts to prepare this guide as a practical tool to orient stakeholders at the national or sub-national level in designing, implementing, and monitoring interventions seeking to promote a climate-smart agriculture (CSA) so that they consider and reflect a gender equality approach.
Apoyando una Agricultura Sensible a la Nutrición, a través de especies olvidadas y subutilizadas: Marco operacional
(Report, 2019) Padulosi, Stefano; Phrang, Roy; Rosado May, Francisco J.
This joint Bioversity-IFAD publication was developed to guide IFAD and other agencies’ efforts in leveraging neglected and underutilized species (NUS) in support of Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture. It presents a holistic value chain approach for the use enhancement of these local resources in project design and implementation in order to attain more resilient production and food systems. It also highlights ways by which their better use can contribute towards the social and economic empowerment of marginalized groups, including women an Indigenous Peoples, who play an essential role in safeguarding their genetic diversity and associated traditional knowledge.
Soutenir une agriculture axée sur la nutrition grâce aux espèces négligées et sous-utilisées
(Report, 2019) Padulosi, Stefano; Phrang, Roy; Rosado May, Francisco J.
This joint Bioversity-IFAD publication was developed to guide IFAD and other agencies’ efforts in leveraging neglected and underutilized species (NUS) in support of Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture. It presents a holistic value chain approach for the use enhancement of these local resources in project design and implementation in order to attain more resilient production and food systems. It also highlights ways by which their better use can contribute towards the social and economic empowerment of marginalized groups, including women an Indigenous Peoples, who play an essential role in safeguarding their genetic diversity and associated traditional knowledge.
Taller para los Coordinadores Nacionales del Protocolo de Nagoya y del Tratado Internacional en América Latina y el Caribe
(Report, 2019) Ellis, David; Gullotta, Gaia; Halewood, Michael; Argumedo, Alejandro; Garforth, Kathryn; Toledo, Alvaro
El Taller de capacitación para los Coordinadores Nacionales en América Latina y el Caribe sobre la implementación del Protocolo de Nagoya del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica (Protocolo de Nagoya) y del Tratado Internacional sobre los Recursos Fitogenéticos para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (Tratado Internacional) de forma que ambos se apoyen mutuamente se celebró del 25 al 28 de septiembre de 2018 en el Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), Lima, Perú. La asistencia al taller fue de más de 60 participantes, incluidos los Coordinadores Nacionales del Protocolo de Nagoya y del Tratado Internacional de 16 países de América Latina y el Caribe. También asistieron representantes de las Secretarías del Tratado Internacional y del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica, de la Federación Internacional de Semillas, representantes de organizaciones de agricultores y de pueblos indígenas, organizaciones de investigación agrícola nacionales e internacionales, así como expertos de la región que han trabajado durante décadas en políticas de acceso a recursos genéticos y participación en el reparto de beneficios derivados de su uso. Los objetivos del taller eran: 1) Fortalecer las relaciones entre los Coordinadores Nacionales de cada país y de la región; 2) Analizar los retos y las oportunidades para implementar el Tratado Internacional y el Protocolo de Nagoya de forma que se apoyen mutuamente y de forma que promuevan objetivos políticos complementarios, tales como la adaptación al cambio climático o la mejora de los medios de vida de los pueblos indígenas y de las comunidades locales; 3) Dotar a los participantes de herramientas útiles para abordar situaciones de la vida real en las que es importante la implementación de los dos instrumentos de forma que se apoyen mutuamente; 4) Identificar modos de apoyar a los países para que puedan implementar el Tratado Internacional y el Protocolo de Nagoya de forma que se apoyen mutuamente. English version is available at: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/106608

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