Gender, Breeding and Genomics

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/75616

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 48

Genetics and gender: Breeding decisions in Somaliland
(Book Chapter, 2016-12-31) Marshall, Karen
Breaking ground: Women and men’s preferences in animal breeding practices in Somaliland
(Video, 2016-11-21) Marshall, Karen
Interview with Karen Marshall (ILRI) for the book "A different kettle of fish? Gender integration in livestock and fish research". http://hdl.handle.net/10568/76684
The “must-have” features of gender-responsive plant or animal breeding
(Report, 2016) Mascarenhas, Martina
Gender dimensions on farmers’ preferences for direct-seeded rice with drum seeder in India
(Working Paper, 2016-08-15) Khan, Mohammed Tajuddin; Kishore, Avinash; Joshi, Pramod K.
This study measures the willingness of male and female farmers to pay for climate-smart technology in rice. Rice is the most important crop in India in terms of area, production, and consumption. It is also the biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions among all crops. Direct-seeded rice (DSR) with drum seeder, a climate-smart technology, requires less labor and water and is more climate friendly than transplanted rice; yet, its adoption is slow in India. The authors of this study carried out a discrete choice experiment with 666 farmers from the Palghar and Thane districts of Maharashtra to measure their willingness to pay for drum seeders—a key piece of equipment for adopting DSR. Both male and female farmers were surveyed to capture the heterogeneity in their valuation of the key attributes of drum seeders. Although both male and female farmers prefer cheaper drum seeders, the marginal valuation of different attributes of the drum seeder varies by the farmers’ gender. The authors also used the Women Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), developed by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), to collect self-reported data on the role and say of women in agriculture. The respective gender roles in the family and on the farm seem to explain some of this difference. Men have a greater say over how the family spends the cash. Accordingly, men tend to have a higher willingness to pay for attributes that increase income (increase in yield) or reduce cash costs (reduction in the seed rate). Women contribute a large share of the labor for transplanting rice, much of which is unpaid work on family farms. Not surprisingly, therefore, women seem to value labor saving significantly more than their male counterparts. Further, the WEAI data show that although men in the family have more say, women do have an influence on decisions regarding crop production and the adoption of new technologies, to an extent. Therefore, to enhance the adoption of drum seeders, the product designers and extension workers should also target women.
Integrating gender analysis in understanding dual-purpose cattle breeding practices in Nicaragua
(Poster, 2016-09-19) Ojango, Julie M.K.; Urbina, M.M.; Mora Benard, María Alejandra; Corrales, Roldan; Oyieng, Edwin P.; Galiè, Alessandra; Wurzinger, Maria; Hoek, Rein van der; Bekunda, Mateete A.
Dual purpose cattle production in mixed farming systems of Nicaragua is predominantly based on permanent grazing of naturalized grasslands, introduced pastures and crop residues. Milk production and animal offtake rates are low. Information to guide gender responsive interventions to improve livestock production is being generated through a collaborative project by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), the National Agrarian University of Nicaragua (UNA), and the University of Natural Resources and life Sciences in Austria (BOKU). Gender disaggregated data on milk production of 447 animals on 59 farms from Camoapa in central Nicaragua have been collected over 8 months. The data shows that more than 40% of the households keep Brown Swiss crosses, however, male headed households keep significantly more Brahman and Holstein crosses than female headed households. The average daily milk production per animal is also significantly lower in female headed households (3.54±1.55kg) than in male headed households (4.14 ±1.87kg). Farmers are conversant with Artificial Insemination (AI), however the technology is not widely adopted. Reasons mentioned for low adoption include: high costs of service, need for repeat services, and unavailability of semen from desired breed-types (e.g. Brahman × Brown Swiss). Gender analysis revealed that the need for repeated services, which increased the costs of AI, is caused by a time mismatch between the animals' heat and the AI provision. These delays are in turn determined by the gender division of labour in livestock management: women are in charge of identifying when animals come into heat but have to wait for the men to call the AI service providers. Women head of households have difficulty accessing AI services and information altogether as they are less involved in cooperative groups and training on technologies related to cattle production. This reduces the effectiveness of AI in both male and female headed households. Practical training programs are required on reproductive management and the use of AI designed with gender responsive approaches.
Fitomejoramiento Participativo: Un Nuevo Desafío en la Generación y Apropiación Variedades por los agricultores de Papa en Bolivia
(Working Paper, 2004) Gabriel, J.; Herbas, J; Salazar, M.; Ruíz, J.; López, J.; Villarroel, J; Cossio, D
GCIAI trabaha para promover la seguridad alimentaria y el manejo racional de los recursos naturales en todo el mundo en desarrollo.
Participatory Plant Breeding: A New Challenge in the Generation and Appropriation of Potato Varieties by Farmers in Bolivia
(Working Paper, 2004) Gabriel, J.; Herbas, J; Salazar, M.; Ruíz, J.; López, J.; Villarroel, J; Cossio, D
Experiments on participatory plant breeding were carried out with the active participation of farmers from the Morochata Region in Bolivia.
Village Based Participatory Breeding in the Mountain Slopes of Yemen
(Report, 2002) Ceccarelli, Salvatore
In the three villages selected in the project area in the Northern Highlands and described in the 2000 reports, the farmers tested the barley and the lentil lines they selected during 2000.
Metodologías Participativas para el Mejoramiento Genético del Frijol Común 1
(Report, 2001) Rosas, J.C.
Debido a que el presente informe semestral coincide con la finalizacion de la presente fase de financiamiento de dos anos por el programa de Small Grants.
Scaling up participatory plant breeding sustainable seed delivery systems for meeting farmers' needs for diversity and varietal change over time
(Report, 2002) Rattunde, E
Detailed analyses of seeds available at household level were carried out in two villages.
Site Selection Report of Farmer-led Participatory Maize Breeding Programme for the Middle Hills of Nepal
(Report, 2000) Subedi, M; Shrestha, P.
Maize is the second most important crop after rice in Nepal. Maize is grown largely on bari land during summer. The productivity of maize is quite low. A number of factors appear to be in play for the low productivity in the middle hills of Nepal.
Quality of Participation and Quality of Science in Participatory Plant Breeding
(Presentation, 2003) International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas
1) ICARDA's involvement in participatory plant breeding. 2) science in participatory plant breeding 3) quality of participation 4) institutionalization of participatory plant breeding 5) the future
Guidelines for Developing Participatory Plant Breeding Programs
(Brief, 2000) Plant Breeding Working Group
These are extended guidelines, compiled for all those interested in supporting participatory plant breeding work, whether from a research or development perspective.
Decentralized-participatory plant breeding: an example of demand driven research
(Conference Paper, 2005) Ceccarelli, Salvatore; Grando, Stefania
Participatory plant breeding exploits the potential gains of breeding for specific adaptation through decentralized selection. This article describes a model of participatory plant breeding in which genetic variability is generated by professional breeders, selection is conducted jointly by breeders and farmers, and the best selections are used in further cycles of recombination.
Complementing Farmers' Genetic Knowledge Farmer Breeding Workshop in Turipaná, Colombia
(Conference Paper, 2001) Saad, N; Hernández, L.A.; Morante, N
This workshop explored the feasibility and methods for complementing farmer experts' knowledge and skills in the enhancement and conservation of agrobiodiversity.
Combining PPB and marker-assisted selection: strategies and experiences with rice
(Conference Paper, 2002) Steele, K; Virk, D; Prasad, S; Witcombe, John R.
Participatory plant breeding should not preclude the use of modern biotechnological techniques.
Base Broadening for client-oriented impact
(Book Chapter, 2001) Sperling, L.; Ashby, Jacqueline A.; Weltzien, Eva; Smith, M.; McGrath, S.
Broadening of basic germplasm pools can only achieve its goal of promoting agricultural stability if the products are actually sown by farmers on a significant scale.
Comparing and integrating farmers' and breeders' evaluations of maize varieties in East Africa
(Book Chapter, 2005) Groot, Hugo de; Siambi, M
While Kenyan farmers still grow many traditional maiz e varieties, they increasingly face soil, pest and environmental constraints to crop productivity.
Quantitative Analysis of Data from Participatory Methods in Plant Breeding
(Book, 2002) Bellon, M.; Reeves, J.
Although participatory plant breeding is gaining greater acceptance worldwide, the techniques needed to assess it are not well known. The papers in this volume address the three themes of the workshop: designing and analyzing joint experiments involving variety evaluation by farmers; identifying and analyzing farmers' evaluations of crop characteristics and varieties; and dealing with social heterogeneity and other research issues.
Gender and innovation in agriculture: a case study of farmers varietal preference of drought tolerant maize in southern Guinea Savannah region of Nigeria
(Journal Article, 2013) Ayinde, O.E.; Abdoulaye, Tahirou; Olaoye, G.; Akangbe, J.
Maize is one of the worlds’ three primary cereal crops, sustainable increasing production of this crop is important to farmers to be able to meet the ever increasing consumption of maize which is one of the major reasons for the development of Drought tolerant maize variety (DTMA). The study analyses farmers’ varietal preference of drought tolerant maize in Southern Guinea Savannah region of Nigeria. It specifically determined the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers, identified their gender based preference for Drought Tolerant maize variety and elucidated the reasons for preference. Three-stage stratified sampling technique was used. Well-structured questionnaire was used to collect information from a total of 48 farmers. Descriptive, Ranking and LSD were used to analyse the data collected. The result of the analysis showed that majority of the male and female farmers have primary education and are youths. The result of varietal preference differs between genders in some locations Male farmers identified big cobs with full grains, big seed, and multiple cobs as the main reasons for their preference while female farmers identified yellow colour of seed, nutrient fortified seed and big cobs with full grains as the main reasons for their preference. It is therefore recommended that effort should be made to involve male and female farmers in the varietal selection procedure as to facilitate easy adoption of hybrid maize. The women are more concerned with the food security of their family and hence are important segment in maize innovation that improve the food security of farming households. It is therefore imperative that Programmes and policies should not exclude female farmers.

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