IWMI Conference Presentations or Keynote Speeches
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Item FR2.2: A systems approach to sustainable and inclusive farmer-led irrigation development: A case analysis from Nepal(Presentation, 2022-10) Uprety, Labisha; Khadka, Manohara; Shrestha, Gitta; Thai Thi Minh; Schmitter, PetraFarmer-led irrigation development (FLID) in Nepal has been largely synonymous to farmer-managed surface irrigation, rather than a broader encompassing of all farmer-led decisions, including small-scale choices. Many of the elements that affect farmer's adoption of social, technological, or institutional innovations in irrigation and agriculture are interconnected and need to be systemically examined to present a thorough analysis. This paper thereby presents a systemic analysis to better understand opportunities and barriers to farmer-led irrigation development in Nepal, especially for smallholders and women farmers. This is done by characterizing systemic barriers and opportunities shaped by policy environments, agricultural value chains, irrigation supply chains, private-public interventions, gender equality and social inclusion, (GESI) and new drivers such as COVID-19. The focus is on their intrinsic connections and mapping the ecosystem in which FLID is embedded. This paper is based on extensive qualitative literature and policy review coupled with primary data obtained through telephone interviews on analysing socio-economic policies, institutions, markets, and GESI-related barriers and opportunities in Nepal. The outcome is a comprehensive framework for sustainable and inclusive FLID.Item FR1.1: Gender mainstreaming from an institutional perspective: Cases of small and micro irrigation projects in Ethiopia(Presentation, 2022-10) Nigussie, Likimyelesh; Thai Thi Minh; Schmmiter, PetraAchieving gender equality in irrigation can result in greater production, income and job opportunity, whilst building climate resilience in the sub-Sahara Africa. To aid integration of gender in the planning and implementation of irrigation programs, national irrigation agencies, donors, and researchers have been assisting project implementers to formulate a gender mainstreaming strategy. However, as efforts to close gendered gaps in irrigation has been increasing, little is known about how interaction among institutions at different scales determine success of gender mainstreaming strategies. The study presents a qualitative analysis of how multi-level institutional context shape success of gender mainstreaming strategies by examining nine small and micro irrigation development projects in Ethiopia. Specifically, it analyzed how rules, roles and capacities shape gender mainstreaming strategy in different irrigation development projects. Results show that ‘rule-based' strategy adopted by small scheme-based irrigation projects, that emphasizes policies and rules to equal rights and opportunities to participate in development and decision making, and capacity development of individuals and institutions. Also, results show ‘role-based' strategy adopted by project promoting small and micro irrigation technologies that focus on challenging social norms to address the issue of power and workload imbalance and developing capacity of actors including farmers. Both strategies prescribe certain numbers for women and deploy participatory approaches to ensure gender equality. However, negative stereotypical perceptions about women by family, community, and the private sector militate against the success of gender mainstreaming. Further, institutional biases and limited capacities reproduce gender inequality by reinforcing stereotypical gender norms. This implies, enhancing the success of gender mainstreaming strategies call for a holistic approach that facilitate transformative change at different scale through broad based partnership between actors at scale.Item TH2.2: Framework for incorporating Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) elements in Climate Information Services (CIS)(Presentation, 2022-10) Mapedza, Everisto D.; Huyer, Sophia; Chanana, Nitya; Rose, Alison; Jacobs-Mata, Inga; Mudege, Netsayi N.; Homann-Kee Tui, Sabine; Gbegbelegbe, Sika; Nsengiyumva, Gloriose; Mutenje, Munyaradzi; Nohayi, NinaThis paper proposes a Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) Framework for incorporating Climate Information Services which is increasingly becoming important due to climate change and climate variability. Our paper understands gender as a socially constructed definition of women and men. Gender inequalities seem to be pervasive in that, even with the introduction of new agricultural and climate information technologies, the gendered fault lines still appear within the new technological settings. Such gendered technological inequalities can be traced back to as early as the 1960s, where it was clear that technological solutions are grounded within the society in which they are embedded. Unless women are intentionally included in the design and development of agricultural technologies, there is a high risk that women will not benefit from agricultural innovations meant to ameliorate the impact of climate change and climate variability. According to Conway's law, any technology reflects the values of its creator. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to understand the values of those who create technological solutions and innovations. Our proposed framework has five indicators which are namely: Gender targeting by design, Sex disaggregated data collection, analysis of sex-disaggregated data, dissemination technological options and ongoing gender monitoring, and empowerment evaluation. The five indicator domains are further complemented by their respective assumptions. The five indicator domains are applied in the context of three development interventions which are namely agricultural data hub, Climate Information Services Training, and Flood and Drought Indicators which are all being implemented in Zambia as part of the Accelerating Impacts of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa Project (AICCRA) Project. The framework which is being applied in Zambia, is showing the importance of incorporating gender equality and social inclusion in the design, implementation and evaluation of climate information services.Item FR1.1: Do Water, Energy and Food Policies in Support of Solar Irrigation Enable Gender Transformative Changes in South Asia? Evidence from Policy Analysis in Bangladesh and Nepal(Presentation, 2022-10) Khadka, Manohara; Uprety, Labisha; Shrestha, Gitta; Mukherji, Aditi; Mitra, ArchismanSolar-powered irrigation pumps (SIPs) is emerging as a popular technology to address water, energy and climate change challenges in South Asia, while enhancing livelihoods and food security. SIPs are deemed to be woman friendly renewable energy technology (RETs) because of its design, operation systems, and safety. While gender dimensions of natural resources are well documented, to what extent do water, energy and food (WEF) policies, including policies to promote SIP technologies in the countries of South Asia conceptualize and operationalize gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) are not well understood. We draw on a gender transformative analysis approach and rank WEF policies on a continuum ranging from scale of 0-3 (denoting gender blind, gender aware, gender responsive and gender transformative). We deploy this method to review 37 WEF sectoral policies of Bangladesh and Nepal. We find that while national governments are committed to gender equality and women's advancement and enshrine these principles in their Constitution, these higher-level aspirational principles are not always translated to the WEF sector policies. We find that WEF policies are aware of the need to include GESI and social equity in sectoral programming, yet operational rules for implementation of these policies often fail to the challenge structural barriers that prevent women and marginalized groups from participating in and benefiting from WEF policies, including from deployment of SIP technologies. This calls for transformation not only in the project implementation, but also in the policymaking processes of the WEF sectors in the South Asia region.Item TH3.2: Livelihood Aspirations and Realities of Young People in a Myanmar Fishing Community(Presentation, 2022-10-17) Arulingam, Indika; Joshi, Deepa; Silva, Sanjiv de; Sellamuttu, Sonali Senaratna; Moet, Palal MoetYouth livelihoods in food-systems are increasingly the focus of development institutions, drawing attention to how the livelihood aspirations of young people shape their engagements with food-systems. This study sought to understand the livelihood aspirations of young people from a historically poor and marginalized fishing community in the Ayeyarwady Delta of Myanmar, and how these aspirations shaped livelihood realities. Data collection was through focus group discussions (seven FGDs) and semi-structured interviews with youth and other household members, from fisher households and others in the village (73 interviews, including 15 female youth 13 male youth from fisher households). For these youth, the political and economic transitions experienced by Myanmar in the last decade offered aspirations for new desired futures, beyond those associated with poverty and marginalization. However, for many of these young people, due to the realities of their socio-economic and gendered positioning, aspiring did not involve a straightforward navigation towards futures that were strictly defined. Instead, their aspirations remained broad and vague, and concretized, on strongly gendered terms, based on opportunities encountered in the present. Therefore, while few of their livelihood realities aligned with these desired futures, in a changing environment considered synonymous with progress, these engagements were marked by a sense of temporariness, and a looking to the future for better opportunities to emerge. The study contributes to the growing recognition that the livelihood engagements of many young people and their intersections with food-systems are not marked by complete arrivals or departures, but by a moving in and out of multiple geographies and sectors.Item Keynote address(Presentation, 2015) Langan, Simon J.Item Groundwater governance in Sri Lanka: lessons from around the world. Keynote address(Presentation, 2013) Shah, TushaarItem Global irrigated area mapping(Presentation, 2004) Turral, HughItem Project planning 2: linking ICT/KM activities and their relevance to IWMI(Presentation, 2004) Zomer, Robert J.Item Overview of the agenda of the RS/GIS Workshop and introduction to IWMI Data Storehouse Pathway (IWMI-DSP)(Presentation, 2004) Thenkabail, Prasad S.Item DSP baseline data: model baseline datasets for a river basin: Limpopo example(Presentation, 2004) Gangodagamage, ChandanaItem DSP - River basins: benchmark river basins inside insight(Presentation, 2004) Biradar, Chandrashekhar M.Item Data preparation 3: normalization of satellite sensor data(Presentation, 2004) Thenkabail, Prasad S.Item LULC and irrigated area mapping in Ganges(Presentation, 2004) Thenkabail, Prasad S.; Schull, Mitchell; Turral, HughItem DSP global: global and regional databases in IWMI-DSP(Presentation, 2004) Islam, AminulItem RS/GIS training materials for awareness: version 1.0(Presentation, 2004) Thenkabail, Prasad S.; Biradar, Chandrashekhar M.; Gangodagamage, Chandana; Islam, Aminul; Schull, Mitchell; Gamage, M.S.D.Nilantha; Turral, Hugh; Zomer, Robert J.; Biggs, Trent W.; Scott, Christopher A.; Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din; Fraiture, Charlotte deItem Observing river basins from space: why is it important for IWMI?: a Remote Sensing and GIS (RS/GIS) Awareness Workshop for IWMI by IWMI, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 28 June 2004. RS/GIS training materials.(Presentation, 2004) International Water Management InstituteItem Integrated water resources management: a vision and a programme(Presentation, 2004) Awulachew, Seleshi BekeleItem Evolution des teneurs en carbone organique et azote dans les matieres en suspension des eaux de surface d'un petit bassin versant agricole sur pente dans le Nord Vietnam(Presentation, 2007) Phan, Ha Hai An; Orange, Didier; Huon, S.; Henry des Tureaux, Thierry; Pham Van Rinh; Tran, Thi My Linh; Podwojewski, PascalThis study deals with the organic carbon concentration and nitrogen concentration inside the suspended particulate matter transported by the small rivers with a watershed area below 10 ha and totally enclosed on sloping lands. The scientific purpose is to determine if these two components of soil losses from erosion process on topsoil could be used as tracers for the organic matter to point out the surface water pathway during one peak flow. The fluctuations in POC content, in C/N rate and in ?13C isotopic rate are no linked with the vegetation species on the sloping land during the process of surface runoff until the runoff collect in the small stream. However their absolute values are characteristic of each kind of vegetation cover. Then our results allow assuming that the mix of chemical tracers such as pH, water conductivity, organic carbon and nitrogen content in sediment with the associate measurements of ?13C isotopic component can be used to analyze the surface water pathway within a small sloping watershed during one peak flow. The next step will be the calculation of hydrological components of the hydrogram in relationship with the water pathway by the mixed equation use applied to the ?13C isotopic component of the organic matter form the sediments and from their corresponding soils.