Temporal and spatial distribution of anthrax outbreaks among Kenyan wildlife, 1999–2017

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationWashington State Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technologyen
cg.contributor.affiliationKenya Wildlife Serviceen
cg.contributor.affiliationUnited States Centers for Disease Control and Preventionen
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationZoonotic Disease Unit, Kenyaen
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Health
cg.contributor.donorUnited States Defense Threat Reduction Agencyen
cg.coverage.countryKenya
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KE
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africa
cg.creator.identifierBernard Bett: 0000-0001-9376-2941en
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268819001304en
cg.isijournalISI Journalen
cg.issn0950-2688en
cg.journalEpidemiology and Infectionen
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL DISEASESen
cg.subject.ilriEPIDEMIOLOGYen
cg.subject.ilriWILDLIFEen
cg.subject.ilriZOONOTIC DISEASESen
cg.volume147en
dc.contributor.authorGachohi, John M.en
dc.contributor.authorGakuya, F.en
dc.contributor.authorLekolool, I.en
dc.contributor.authorOsoro, E.M.en
dc.contributor.authorNderitu, L.en
dc.contributor.authorMunyua, P.en
dc.contributor.authorNgere, I.en
dc.contributor.authorKemunto, N.en
dc.contributor.authorBett, Bernard K.en
dc.contributor.authorOtieno, Fredrick T.en
dc.contributor.authorMuturi, M.en
dc.contributor.authorMwatondo, A.en
dc.contributor.authorWiddowson, M.A.en
dc.contributor.authorNjenga, M.K.en
dc.date.accessioned2019-09-26T10:02:35Zen
dc.date.available2019-09-26T10:02:35Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/103756
dc.titleTemporal and spatial distribution of anthrax outbreaks among Kenyan wildlife, 1999–2017en
dcterms.abstractThe burden of anthrax in wildlife is demonstrated through high numbers of sudden mortalities among herbivore species, including endangered animal species. East Africa is home of multiple species of faunal wildlife numbering in the millions but there are limited disease surveillance programmes, resulting in a paucity of information on the role of anthrax and other infectious diseases on declining wildlife populations in the region. We reviewed historical data on anthrax outbreaks from Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) spanning from 1999 to 2017 in Kenya to determine the burden, characteristics and spatial distribution of anthrax outbreaks. A total of 51 anthrax outbreaks associated with 1014 animal deaths were reported across 20 of 60 wildlife conservation areas located in six of the seven agro-ecological zones. Overall, 67% of the outbreaks were reported during the dry seasons, affecting 24 different wildlife species. Over 90% (22 of 24) of the affected species were herbivore, including 12 grazers, five browsers and five mixed grazers and browsers. Buffaloes (23.5%), black rhinos (21.6%) and elephants (17.6%) were the most frequently affected species. Our findings demonstrate the extensive geographic distribution of wildlife anthrax in the country, making it one of the important infectious diseases that threaten wildlife conservation.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceScientistsen
dcterms.available2019-08-05en
dcterms.bibliographicCitationGachohi, J.M., Gakuya, F., Lekolool, I., Osoro, E., Nderitu, L., Munyua, P., Ngere, I., Kemunto, N., Bett, B., Otieno, F., Muturi, M., Mwatondo, A., Widdowson, M.A. and Njenga, M.K. 2019. Temporal and spatial distribution of anthrax outbreaks among Kenyan wildlife, 1999–2017. Epidemiology and Infection 147: e249.en
dcterms.issued2019en
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherCambridge University Pressen
dcterms.subjectzoonosesen
dcterms.subjectanimal diseasesen
dcterms.subjectepidemiologyen
dcterms.subjectwildlifeen
dcterms.subjectinfectious diseasesen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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