Volunteer based approach to dog vaccination campaigns to eliminate human rabies: Lessons from Laikipia County, Kenya

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen_US
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationSmithsonian Conservation Biology Instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Edinburghen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationKaratina Universityen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationMaasai Mara Universityen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationKenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organizationen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationMinistry of Health, Kenyaen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationMinistry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Irrigation, Kenyaen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationWashington State Universityen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationZoological Society of Londonen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationCounty Government of Laikipiaen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Liverpoolen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationMpala Research Centreen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationPrinceton Universityen_US
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Healthen_US
cg.contributor.donorNational Science Foundation, United Statesen_US
cg.contributor.donorSmithsonian Institutionen_US
cg.contributor.donorNational Geographic Societyen_US
cg.contributor.donorRufford Foundationen_US
cg.contributor.donorWellcome Trusten_US
cg.contributor.donorMedical Research Council, United Kingdomen_US
cg.contributor.donorBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdomen_US
cg.contributor.donorEconomic and Social Research Council, United Kingdomen_US
cg.contributor.donorNatural Environment Research Council, United Kingdomen_US
cg.contributor.donorMpala Wildlife Foundationen_US
cg.contributor.donorLaikipia Ranches and Conservation Community and Conservanciesen_US
cg.contributor.donorVeterinarians Internationalen_US
cg.coverage.countryKenyaen_US
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KEen_US
cg.coverage.regionAfricaen_US
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africaen_US
cg.creator.identifierDishon Muloi: 0000-0002-6236-2280en_US
cg.creator.identifierEric M. Fèvre: 0000-0001-8931-4986en_US
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden_US
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008260en_US
cg.isijournalISI Journalen_US
cg.issn1935-2735en_US
cg.issue7en_US
cg.journalPLOS Neglected Tropical Diseasesen_US
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen_US
cg.subject.ilriDISEASE CONTROLen_US
cg.subject.ilriVACCINESen_US
cg.subject.ilriZOONOTIC DISEASESen_US
cg.volume14en_US
dc.contributor.authorFerguson, A.W.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMuloi, Dishon M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorNgatia, D.K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKiongo, W.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKimuyu, D.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorWebala, P.W.en_US
dc.contributor.authorOlum, M.O.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMuturi, M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorThumbi, Samuel M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorWoodroffe, R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMurugi, L.en_US
dc.contributor.authorFèvre, Eric M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMurray, S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMartins, D.J.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2020-07-05T06:51:29Zen_US
dc.date.available2020-07-05T06:51:29Zen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/108692en_US
dc.titleVolunteer based approach to dog vaccination campaigns to eliminate human rabies: Lessons from Laikipia County, Kenyaen_US
dcterms.abstractBackground An estimated 59,000 people die from rabies annually, with 99% of those deaths attributable to bites from domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). This preventable Neglected Tropical Disease has a large impact across continental Africa, especially for rural populations living in close contact with livestock and wildlife. Mass vaccinations of domestic dogs are effective at eliminating rabies but require large amounts of resources, planning, and political will to implement. Grassroots campaigns provide an alternative method to successful implementation of rabies control but remain understudied in their effectiveness to eliminate the disease from larger regions. Methodology/Principal Findings We report on the development, implementation, and effectiveness of a grassroots mass dog rabies vaccination campaign in Kenya, the Laikipia Rabies Vaccination Campaign. During 2015–2017, a total of 13,155 domestic dogs were vaccinated against rabies in 17 communities covering approximately 1500 km2. Based on an estimated population size of 34,275 domestic dogs, percent coverages increased across years, from 2% in 2015 to 24% in 2017, with only 3 of 38 community-years of vaccination exceeding the 70% target. The average cost of vaccinating an animal was $3.44 USD with in-kind contributions and $7.44 USD without in-kind contributions. Conclusions/Significance The evolution of the Laikipia Rabies Vaccination Campaign from a localized volunteer-effort to a large-scale program attempting to eliminate rabies at the landscape scale provides a unique opportunity to examine successes, failures, and challenges facing grassroots campaigns. Success, in the form of vaccinating more dogs across the study area, was relatively straightforward to achieve. However, lack of effective post-vaccination monitoring and education programs, limited funding, and working in diverse community types appeared to hinder achievement of 70% coverage levels. These results indicate that grassroots campaigns will inevitably be faced with a philosophical question regarding the value of local impacts versus their contributions to a larger effort to eliminate rabies at the regional, country, or global scale.en_US
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Accessen_US
dcterms.audienceScientistsen_US
dcterms.available2020-07-02en_US
dcterms.bibliographicCitationFerguson, A.W., Muloi, D., Ngatia, D.K., Kiongo, W., Kimuyu, D.M., Webala, P.W., Olum, M.O., Muturi, M., Thumbi, S.M., Woodroffe, R., Murugi, L., Fèvre, E.M., Murray, S. and Martins, D.J. 2020. Volunteer based approach to dog vaccination campaigns to eliminate human rabies: Lessons from Laikipia County, Kenya. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14(7): e0008260.en_US
dcterms.issued2020-07-02en_US
dcterms.languageenen_US
dcterms.licenseCC0-1.0en_US
dcterms.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_US
dcterms.subjectvaccinesen_US
dcterms.subjectzoonosesen_US
dcterms.subjectdisease controlen_US
dcterms.subjectrabiesen_US
dcterms.subjectinfectious diseasesen_US
dcterms.typeJournal Articleen_US

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