Sweetened beverage tax implementation and change in Body Mass Index among children in Seattle

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Washingtonen
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Food Policy Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationKaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationSeattle Children's Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.donorCity of Seattleen
cg.contributor.donorCGIAR Trust Funden
cg.contributor.initiativeNational Policies and Strategies
cg.coverage.countryUnited States
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2US
cg.coverage.regionAmericas
cg.coverage.regionNorthern America
cg.creator.identifierSuman Chakrabarti: 0000-0002-5078-2173
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13644en
cg.identifier.projectIFPRI - Nutrition, Diets, and Health Unit
cg.identifier.publicationRankA Plus
cg.isijournalISI Journalen
cg.issn2574-3805en
cg.issue5en
cg.journalJAMA Network Openen
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
cg.subject.actionAreaSystems Transformation
cg.subject.impactAreaNutrition, health and food security
cg.volume7en
dc.contributor.authorJones-Smith, Jessica C.en
dc.contributor.authorKnox, Melissa A.en
dc.contributor.authorChakrabarti, Sumanen
dc.contributor.authorWallace, Jamieen
dc.contributor.authorWalkinshaw, Linaen
dc.contributor.authorMooney, Stephen J.en
dc.contributor.authorGodwin, Jessicaen
dc.contributor.authorArterburn, David E.en
dc.contributor.authorEavey, Joannaen
dc.contributor.authorChan, Nadineen
dc.contributor.authorSaelens, Brian E.en
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-06T17:28:38Zen
dc.date.available2024-06-06T17:28:38Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/145031
dc.titleSweetened beverage tax implementation and change in Body Mass Index among children in Seattleen
dcterms.abstractImportance Sweetened beverage taxes have been associated with reduced purchasing of taxed beverages. However, few studies have assessed the association between sweetened beverage taxes and health outcomes. Objective To evaluate the association between the Seattle sweetened beverage tax and change in body mass index (BMI) among children. Design, Setting, and Participants In this longitudinal cohort study, anthropometric data were obtained from electronic medical records of 2 health care systems (Kaiser Permanente Washington [KP] and Seattle Children’s Hospital Odessa Brown Children’s Clinic [OBCC]). Children were included in the study if they were aged 2 to 18 years (between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2019); had at least 1 weight measurement every year between 2015 and 2019; lived in Seattle or in urban areas of 3 surrounding counties (King, Pierce, and Snohomish); had not moved between taxed (Seattle) and nontaxed areas; received primary health care from KP or OBCC; did not have a recent history of cancer, bariatric surgery, or pregnancy; and had biologically plausible height and BMI (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared). Data analysis was conducted between August 5, 2022, and March 4, 2024. Exposure Seattle sweetened beverage tax (1.75 cents per ounce on sweetened beverages), implemented on January 1, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was BMIp95 (BMI expressed as a percentage of the 95th percentile; a newly recommended metric for assessing BMI change) of the reference population for age and sex, using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. In the primary (synthetic difference-in-differences [SDID]) model used, a comparison sample was created by reweighting the comparison sample to optimize on matching to pretax trends in outcome among 6313 children in Seattle. Secondary models were within-person change models using 1 pretax measurement and 1 posttax measurement in 22 779 children and fine stratification weights to balance baseline individual and neighborhood-level confounders. Results The primary SDID analysis included 6313 children (3041 female [48%] and 3272 male [52%]). More than a third of children (2383 [38%]) were aged 2 to 5 years); their mean (SE) age was 7.7 (0.6) years. With regard to race and ethnicity, 789 children (13%) were Asian, 631 (10%) were Black, 649 (10%) were Hispanic, and 3158 (50%) were White. The primary model results suggested that the Seattle tax was associated with a larger decrease in BMIp95 for children living in Seattle compared with those living in the comparison area (SDID: −0.90 percentage points [95% CI, −1.20 to −0.60]; P < .001). Results from secondary models were similar. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cohort study suggest that the Seattle sweetened beverage tax was associated with a modest decrease in BMIp95 among children living in Seattle compared with children living in nearby nontaxed areas who were receiving care within the same health care systems. Taken together with existing studies in the US, these results suggest that sweetened beverage taxes may be an effective policy for improving children’s BMI. Future research should test this association using longitudinal data in other US cities with sweetened beverage taxes.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceScientistsen
dcterms.available2024-05-29
dcterms.bibliographicCitationJones-Smith, Jessica C.; Knox, Melissa A.; Chakrabarti, Suman; Wallace, Jamie; Walkinshaw, Lina; Walkinshaw, Lina; et al. 2024. Sweetened beverage tax implementation and change in Body Mass Index among children in Seattle. JAMA Network Open 7(5): e2413644. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13644en
dcterms.extente2413644en
dcterms.issued2024-05
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherJAMAen
dcterms.subjectbody mass indexen
dcterms.subjectchildrenen
dcterms.subjectbeveragesen
dcterms.subjecttaxesen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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