The contribution of tipping fees to the operation, maintenance, and management of fecal sludge treatment plants: the case of Ghana

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cg.contributor.crpWater, Land and Ecosystems
cg.contributor.donorBill & Melinda Gates Foundationen
cg.contributor.donorDepartment for International Development, United Kingdomen
cg.contributor.donorGrand Challenges Canadaen
cg.coverage.countryGhana
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2GH
cg.coverage.regionWestern Africa
cg.coverage.subregionKumasi
cg.coverage.subregionAccra
cg.coverage.subregionTema
cg.coverage.subregionSekondi-Takoradi
cg.coverage.subregionTamale
cg.creator.identifierJosiane Nikiema: 0000-0001-8802-0564en
cg.creator.identifierNilanthi Jayathilake: 0000-0002-0723-5457en
cg.creator.identifierOlufunke Cofie: 0000-0002-2092-4679en
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114125en
cg.identifier.iwmilibraryH050803en
cg.identifier.wlethemeRural-Urban Linkagesen
cg.isijournalISI Journalen
cg.issn0301-4797en
cg.journalJournal of Environmental Managementen
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
cg.volume303en
dc.contributor.authorTanoh, Rebeccaen
dc.contributor.authorNikiema, Josianeen
dc.contributor.authorAsiedu, Zipporahen
dc.contributor.authorJayathilake, Nilanthien
dc.contributor.authorCofie, Olufunke O.en
dc.date.accessioned2021-11-30T16:32:28Zen
dc.date.available2021-11-30T16:32:28Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/116406
dc.titleThe contribution of tipping fees to the operation, maintenance, and management of fecal sludge treatment plants: the case of Ghanaen
dcterms.abstractGlobally, collection of tipping fees is being promoted as a solution to sustain the operation of fecal sludge treatment plants (FSTPs). Currently, there are six large-scale FSTPs in Ghana, of which five were in operation in June 2017. In Kumasi, Sekondi-Takoradi and Tamale, fecal sludge (FS) is co-treated with landfill leachate using waste stabilization ponds (WSPs). In Tema and Accra, FS is treated using WSPs and a mechanical dewatering system coupled with an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB). The focus of this study is FSTPs and to assess how, and if, the tipping fees set by the municipalities could enable cost recovery to sustain their long-term operation. Using a questionnaire survey to interview plant managers from the public and private sectors, and directors of waste management departments, we found that the overall average operation, maintenance and management (OM&M) costs per 1000 m3 of treated waste (FS or FS + leachate) in 2017 were USD89 in Kumasi, USD150 in Tamale, USD179 in Tema, USD244 in Sekondi-Takoradi and USD1,743 in Accra. There were important disparities between FSTPs due to their scale, age, and level of treatment and monitoring. Currently, most FSTPs charge tipping fees that range between USD310 and USD530/1000 m3 of FS, averaging USD421 ± 98/1000 m3 of FS discharged at FSTPs. Our study also showed that the OM&M costs of large-scale intensive FSTPs cannot be sustained by relying solely on tipping fees. However, there could be potential to cover the routine expenditures associated with operating smaller FSTPs that relying on WSP technologies.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.bibliographicCitationTanoh, Rebecca; Nikiema, Josiane; Asiedu, Zipporah; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Cofie, Olufunke. 2022. The contribution of tipping fees to the operation, maintenance, and management of fecal sludge treatment plants: the case of Ghana. Journal of Environmental Management, 303:114125. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114125]en
dcterms.extent303:114125en
dcterms.issued2022-02en
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherElsevieren
dcterms.subjectfaecal sludgeen
dcterms.subjecttreatment plantsen
dcterms.subjectmaintenanceen
dcterms.subjectpublic-private partnershipsen
dcterms.subjectwaste managementen
dcterms.subjectstabilization pondsen
dcterms.subjectcost recoveryen
dcterms.subjectdeveloping countriesen
dcterms.subjectenvironmental engineeringen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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