Endemicity of zoonotic diseases in pigs and humans in lowland and upland Lao PDR: Identification of socio-cultural risk factors

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen_US
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationRoyal Veterinary College, United Kingdomen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationMinistry of Agriculture and Forestry, Laosen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationMinistry of Health, Laosen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationAustralian Animal Health Laboratoryen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationWorld Animal Protectionen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationNational Centre for Laboratory and Epidemiology, Laosen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationMahidol Universityen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Oxforden_US
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Healthen_US
cg.coverage.countryLaosen_US
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2LAen_US
cg.coverage.regionAsiaen_US
cg.coverage.regionSouth-eastern Asiaen_US
cg.creator.identifierDelia Grace: 0000-0002-0195-9489en_US
cg.creator.identifierSilvia Alonso: 0000-0002-0565-536Xen_US
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden_US
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003913en_US
cg.isijournalISI Journalen_US
cg.issn1935-2735en_US
cg.issue4en_US
cg.journalPLOS Neglected Tropical Diseasesen_US
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen_US
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL DISEASESen_US
cg.subject.ilriPIGSen_US
cg.subject.ilriZOONOTIC DISEASESen_US
cg.volume10en_US
dc.contributor.authorHolt, H.R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorInthavong, Phouthen_US
dc.contributor.authorBoualam, K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBlaszak, Kateen_US
dc.contributor.authorKeokamphe, C.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSomoulay, V.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPhongmany, A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorDurr, P.A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGraham, K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAllen, J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorDonnelly, B.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBlacksell, Stuart D.en_US
dc.contributor.authorUnger, Freden_US
dc.contributor.authorGrace, Deliaen_US
dc.contributor.authorAlonso, Silviaen_US
dc.contributor.authorGilbert, Jeffreyen_US
dc.date.accessioned2016-04-19T18:13:20Zen_US
dc.date.available2016-04-19T18:13:20Zen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/72967en_US
dc.titleEndemicity of zoonotic diseases in pigs and humans in lowland and upland Lao PDR: Identification of socio-cultural risk factorsen_US
dcterms.abstractIn Lao People’s Democratic Republic pigs are kept in close contact with families. Human risk of infection with pig zoonoses arises from direct contact and consumption of unsafe pig products. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Luang Prabang (north) and Savannakhet (central-south) Provinces. A total of 59 villages, 895 humans and 647 pigs were sampled and serologically tested for zoonotic pathogens including: hepatitis E virus (HEV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Trichinella spiralis; In addition, human sera were tested for Taenia spp. and cysticercosis. Seroprevalence of zoonotic pathogens in humans was high for HEV (Luang Prabang: 48.6%, Savannakhet: 77.7%) and T. spiralis (Luang Prabang: 59.0%, Savannakhet: 40.5%), and lower for JEV (around 5%), Taenia spp. (around 3%) and cysticercosis (Luang Prabang: 6.1, Savannakhet 1.5%). Multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering of principal components was performed on descriptive data of human hygiene practices, contact with pigs and consumption of pork products. Three clusters were identified: Cluster 1 had low pig contact and good hygiene practices, but had higher risk of T. spiralis. Most people in cluster 2 were involved in pig slaughter (83.7%), handled raw meat or offal (99.4%) and consumed raw pigs’ blood (76.4%). Compared to cluster 1, cluster 2 had increased odds of testing seropositive for HEV and JEV. Cluster 3 had the lowest sanitation access and had the highest risk of HEV, cysticercosis and Taenia spp. Farmers which kept their pigs tethered (as opposed to penned) and disposed of manure in water sources had 0.85 (95% CI: 0.18 to 0.91) and 2.39 (95% CI: 1.07 to 5.34) times the odds of having pigs test seropositive for HEV, respectively. The results have been used to identify entry-points for intervention and management strategies to reduce disease exposure in humans and pigs, informing control activities in a cysticercosis hyper-endemic village.en_US
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Accessen_US
dcterms.audienceScientistsen_US
dcterms.available2016-04-12en_US
dcterms.bibliographicCitationHolt, H.R., Inthavong, P., Boualam, K., Blaszak, K., Keokamphe, C., Somoulay, V., Phongmany, A., Durr, P.A., Graham, K., Allen, J., Donnelly, B., Blacksell, S.D., Unger, F., Grace, D., Alonso, S. and Gilbert, J. 2016. Endemicity of zoonotic diseases in pigs and humans in lowland and upland Lao PDR: Identification of socio-cultural risk factors. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 10(4): e0003913.en_US
dcterms.issued2016-04-12en_US
dcterms.languageenen_US
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0en_US
dcterms.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_US
dcterms.subjectanimal diseasesen_US
dcterms.subjectzoonosesen_US
dcterms.subjectinfectious diseasesen_US
dcterms.typeJournal Articleen_US

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