Endemicity of zoonotic diseases in pigs and humans in lowland and upland Lao PDR: Identification of socio-cultural risk factors

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationRoyal Veterinary College, United Kingdomen
cg.contributor.affiliationMinistry of Agriculture and Forestry, Laosen
cg.contributor.affiliationMinistry of Health, Laosen
cg.contributor.affiliationAustralian Animal Health Laboratoryen
cg.contributor.affiliationWorld Animal Protectionen
cg.contributor.affiliationNational Centre for Laboratory and Epidemiology, Laosen
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationMahidol Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Oxforden
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Health
cg.coverage.countryLaos
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2LA
cg.coverage.regionAsia
cg.coverage.regionSouth-eastern Asia
cg.creator.identifierDelia Grace: 0000-0002-0195-9489en
cg.creator.identifierSilvia Alonso: 0000-0002-0565-536Xen
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003913en
cg.isijournalISI Journalen
cg.issn1935-2735en
cg.issue4en
cg.journalPLOS Neglected Tropical Diseasesen
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL DISEASESen
cg.subject.ilriPIGSen
cg.subject.ilriZOONOTIC DISEASESen
cg.volume10en
dc.contributor.authorHolt, H.R.en
dc.contributor.authorInthavong, Phouthen
dc.contributor.authorBoualam, K.en
dc.contributor.authorBlaszak, Kateen
dc.contributor.authorKeokamphe, C.en
dc.contributor.authorSomoulay, V.en
dc.contributor.authorPhongmany, A.en
dc.contributor.authorDurr, P.A.en
dc.contributor.authorGraham, K.en
dc.contributor.authorAllen, J.en
dc.contributor.authorDonnelly, B.en
dc.contributor.authorBlacksell, Stuart D.en
dc.contributor.authorUnger, Freden
dc.contributor.authorGrace, Deliaen
dc.contributor.authorAlonso, Silviaen
dc.contributor.authorGilbert, Jeffreyen
dc.date.accessioned2016-04-19T18:13:20Zen
dc.date.available2016-04-19T18:13:20Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/72967
dc.titleEndemicity of zoonotic diseases in pigs and humans in lowland and upland Lao PDR: Identification of socio-cultural risk factorsen
dcterms.abstractIn Lao People’s Democratic Republic pigs are kept in close contact with families. Human risk of infection with pig zoonoses arises from direct contact and consumption of unsafe pig products. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Luang Prabang (north) and Savannakhet (central-south) Provinces. A total of 59 villages, 895 humans and 647 pigs were sampled and serologically tested for zoonotic pathogens including: hepatitis E virus (HEV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Trichinella spiralis; In addition, human sera were tested for Taenia spp. and cysticercosis. Seroprevalence of zoonotic pathogens in humans was high for HEV (Luang Prabang: 48.6%, Savannakhet: 77.7%) and T. spiralis (Luang Prabang: 59.0%, Savannakhet: 40.5%), and lower for JEV (around 5%), Taenia spp. (around 3%) and cysticercosis (Luang Prabang: 6.1, Savannakhet 1.5%). Multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering of principal components was performed on descriptive data of human hygiene practices, contact with pigs and consumption of pork products. Three clusters were identified: Cluster 1 had low pig contact and good hygiene practices, but had higher risk of T. spiralis. Most people in cluster 2 were involved in pig slaughter (83.7%), handled raw meat or offal (99.4%) and consumed raw pigs’ blood (76.4%). Compared to cluster 1, cluster 2 had increased odds of testing seropositive for HEV and JEV. Cluster 3 had the lowest sanitation access and had the highest risk of HEV, cysticercosis and Taenia spp. Farmers which kept their pigs tethered (as opposed to penned) and disposed of manure in water sources had 0.85 (95% CI: 0.18 to 0.91) and 2.39 (95% CI: 1.07 to 5.34) times the odds of having pigs test seropositive for HEV, respectively. The results have been used to identify entry-points for intervention and management strategies to reduce disease exposure in humans and pigs, informing control activities in a cysticercosis hyper-endemic village.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceScientistsen
dcterms.available2016-04-12en
dcterms.bibliographicCitationHolt, H.R., Inthavong, P., Boualam, K., Blaszak, K., Keokamphe, C., Somoulay, V., Phongmany, A., Durr, P.A., Graham, K., Allen, J., Donnelly, B., Blacksell, S.D., Unger, F., Grace, D., Alonso, S. and Gilbert, J. 2016. Endemicity of zoonotic diseases in pigs and humans in lowland and upland Lao PDR: Identification of socio-cultural risk factors. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 10(4): e0003913.en
dcterms.issued2016-04-12en
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen
dcterms.subjectanimal diseasesen
dcterms.subjectzoonosesen
dcterms.subjectinfectious diseasesen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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